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More alive than dead:

All was in order with the motor car? Maybe it's time to set aside money to conduct computer diagnostics, and even for repair? Answering these questions will help you some tips avtoinzhenera many years engaged in repair of import cars.

Before turning to the doctor, each of us is engaged in self-diagnostics. At the same time we do not currently fluoroscopy, do not use the electrocardiograph and other tricky instruments. Just forehead probe, inspect the throat, listen, do not you shkvorchit chest, stomach Do not puchit not korezhit whether waist. From devices traditionally we use thermometers and, maybe, a watch when measuring heart rate.

So, in a simple way, we determine whether the normal functioning organism. And it turns out!

The car engine - the same body. For its exact diagnosing and treatment there are many artful devices, appliances and tools. Various exact methods and techniques requiring thin knowledge of the internal structure. On them, we plan to elaborate in the near future.

For a start, we offer to learn more easy to understand things.

Let's try to figure out what you should pay attention to exploiting the car: you have to feel, where to look, where to listen to, and perhaps even to smell, to understand how the engine feels. Do not want to study with us - get from a purse a hundred dollars and go on computer diagnostics. Car "medical care" Pay!

Initial inspection

Imagine that you are a good doctor. Going into the chamber (garage), go to the patient (the car), be sure to say hello, tell him a few gentle, soothing words, and suggest to undress from the waist up (open hood).

Start with a visual inspection of the engine. Remember that nothing reflects internal well-being as nice, well-groomed, buxom appearance.

Strong overall contamination of the engine, as well as the presence of intensive local leaks, on the contrary, evidence of failing health. If the evening, parting with the car, you have the foresight to put it under the engine clean sheet of paper, pull it out and check. Leakage of oil and other fluids per night will leave traces on the paper on which you will be able to identify the sources of leaks and determine their intensity. The higher it is, the more you need to take corrective action.

The next step - checking and adjusting to normal levels of all fluids. First of all we are interested in the engine oil and ohlazhdayushaya fluid (antifreeze) as their lack of the strongest impact on the technical characteristics of the engine.

I would like to remind that - believe me, I'm not kidding - it is necessary to make sure there is fuel in the tank. Experience shows that some inattentive drivers nearly to death torture a starter and battery, forgetting that the first fellow to feed and water is necessary, and then - on a shovel and stove.

At the same time, check belt tension ancillary engine (coolant pump, alternator, power steering pump, air-conditioning). Make sure that the belts do not sag and are not torn. If all goes well, shake off trousers and - at the wheel.

Before starting the engine

Do not rush immediately to run the engine. Haste is useless! First, turn the key to "ignition" ... As a rule, while the instrument panel all the lights of modern cars a number of bulbs. At this stage, we are particularly interested in two.

The first - the emergency lamp oil pressure, and the second - a control lamp recharging the battery, which indicates the willingness to join in the work of the generator when the engine starts. Both when the ignition before starting the engine must burn bright red. And if one of them does not burn? If charging light is not lit, it is not so bad, if it does not light up lamp emergency oil pressure - is alarming, "bell". Be careful, you have lost control of the lubrication system! Engine oil pressure - the main indicator of health of the unit. Not controlling the oil pressure, you run the risk of "fuck" engine overhaul with all the ensuing consequences.

Cause of the problem is either in poor terminal contact sensor, or the sensor. Search probe should generally be in the region of the oil filter. The fault must be removed. Only after you are sure that everything is in order, start the engine.

"Cold" start

The serviceable engine with well-regulated fuel supply system and ignition and a working battery runs with a single attempt for 3-5 seconds. Steadily emerging problems with "cold" start-up testify to malfunctions. Suppose we escaped, and the engine was started ...

We look at the instrument panel. Two light bulbs, which were discussed above, are required to go out.

If during the 5 seconds. the oil pressure light stays on, stop the engine!

Possible reasons: low oil, faulty oil pressure sensor; Net clogged oil receiver the oil pump; faulty oil pump; wear big main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft.

If the oil pressure in the order, proceed to the examination of the engine warm-up mode.

Warming up the engine

Cold engine speed is about 1.5 times higher than the nameplate rate of idling is usually about 700-900 / min, and should gradually decrease as the temperature rise of the motor.

After a 7-10 minutes after starting the engine temperature should reach a level of about 80 ?� C and stabilize (and idle).

If your car is equipped with a tachometer pointer instrument shows the temperature of the coolant, the process is easy to control.

When heating takes place according to the above scenario, the system is idle and the engine cooling system is working properly.

If the motor temperature reaches the desired level, most likely at fault thermostat valve. Causes engine overheating much more and they are reflected in the technical help.

After the engine warms up enough, and the idle speed to stabilize (you will learn about this from the testimony of control devices), it's time to listen to the engine sings.

A beautiful, resonant voice - a healthy body

Doctors claim that with respect to the person this statement is completely true. The same can be said of the engine.

Serviceable engine publishes a uniform rumble and "ticks", as hours. Some masters say that he "whispers". Despite the trope, you will surely understand what they mean.

If the engine does not run smoothly, with failures, periodically vibrates, know: it testifies to malfunction. Sometimes the problem - a consequence of engine wear and downs of compression in the cylinders, but most causes are leaking intake tract clogged air filter malfunction of the ignition system and the fuel system. I would like to focus on cases where the engine is said to be "troit," that is one of the cylinders is not working.

Using the method of alternating disconnect high-voltage wires from spark plugs, to find a "saboteur" simply. Once you get on the faulty cylinder, the nature of the engine does not change.

Often the cause of the fault can be determined after examining the spark plug. This allows you to learn a lot about the state of the engine.

Not to mention the noise and the noise of strangers. Outset that this method of diagnosis is "aerobatics" and on forces far not all professionals.

Motorists also worth bearing in mind that any sharp metal sounds indicate a fault in. If they "emit" ancillaries (generator, pump, power) - is not so bad. Determine the "originator" of noise can be successively removing belts of these units. If, after removal of the next belt extraneous sound has disappeared, shake a corresponding pulley to determine the radial and axial bearing play. Most often, they are the troublemakers.

Much more troubles threaten to knock coming from the womb of the motor. They listen to different modes of operation of the engine by using a stethoscope or a car if it is not, a dry stick in diameter of about 10 mm hardwood (her cheek pressed against the lower lobe of the ear). This makes it possible to identify defects in the timing, cylinder-piston group, crank mechanism.

We emphasize once again that in order to make the diagnosis, ear for music is not enough, you must have professional experience and excellent knowledge of the "materiel".

There is healthy mind in a healthy body

Diagnostic inspection would be incomplete without an analysis of vehicle exhaust smoke. He is already warmed up, so it's time to come to its "loin" and to glance horse "under the tail".

Exhaust serviceable engine is almost colorless. From the exhaust pipe comes barely discernible light smoke white, the intensity of which is enhanced by sharp pressing on the gas pedal.

In cold weather the serviceable car reserves dense enough clubs of white steam (not to be confused with a smoke!), Showing the complete combustion of the fuel.

Long inhale exhaust gases - is more expensive. Turn off the engine. But this is not final. It is necessary to examine the inner surface of the oil filler plug. Availability for signs of a foamed emulsion dirty yellow color - very disturbing symptom speaking about infiltration in oil of antifreeze. After removing the cover of the expansion tank or radiator, survey antifreeze. Attention: to avoid injury, it should be done on the engine is cold! The oil film on the surface of antifreeze, as well as foamed engine oil - precursors urgent repair the engine.

Here, perhaps, and all. We completely surveyed "patient", having walked literally from nose to tail. And enjoyed when viewed not expensive, inaccessible to the majority of motorists equipment and what is given to us by nature: sight, hearing, smell and, of course, the mysterious "gray matter."

Analysis of exhaust smoke

The oily ring belt width of 6-8 mm on the outer surface of the exhaust pipe of the car ("mourning ring") - a consequence of increased oil consumption. Engine Overhaul inevitable.

Smoke black

The sign of incomplete combustion of fuel. The power supply system prepares very rich mix and requires adjustment.

Smoke bluish (purple) color

Signs of increased oil consumption. The engine valve stem seals require replacement or repair of the cylinder-piston group.

Thick white smoke

Symptom burning cylinder head gasket engine. Coolant enters the combustion chamber.

The smoke with the smell of exhaust gases from the removed pipe crankcase ventilation (breather) Engine

Symptom breakthrough exhaust gas into the oil pan due to increased clearance in the cylinder-piston group.