 printable version
Removal and installation of external parts of the car body
Front bumper
| Fig. 8.1. Front bumper: 1 - the panel of the wing; 2 - the holder; 3 - a decorative overlay bumper; 4 - grille; 5 - bumper; 6 - bumper beam; 7 - the top bracket bumper; 8 - frame radiator
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The front bumper of a vehicle is shown in Fig. 8.1. The front bumper of the car consists of a beam, the top bracket of the bumper and plastic cladding. Bumper strength member is a metal bar that is attached to the frame radiator. Bumper is attached to the upper arm of the bumper, front fenders and the bottom of the frame radiator. The bumper casing mounted fog lamps and decorative overlay cladding.
Front Bumper Fascia Withdrawal Open the hood.
Unscrew the two screws located inside the bumper of the grille (Fig. 8.2).
| Fig. 8.3. Bolts grille bumper (indicated by arrows)
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| Fig. 8.4. Side bumper mounting screws (indicated by arrows)
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Remove side screws (three screws on each side), the left and right front wheels in a recess (Fig. 8.4). Loosen the screws on the left and right sides of the bumper. Remove the two screws fastening the lower bumper to the frame radiator. Disconnect the connectors for the fog lamps and carefully remove the bumper fascia so as not to damage the paintwork of the front wings. Setting Together with an assistant gently hook the bumper fascia to the upper bracket facing. Bottom plug connectors for the fog lamps and tighten the two screws fastening the lower bumper to the frame radiator. Tighten the screws on the left and right sides of the car for the sides of the bumper. Screw side screws (three screws on each side), the left and right front wheels in the recesses. Tighten bolts of the bumper grille. Screw the two screws located inside the bumper of the radiator grille.
Beam front bumper Withdrawal Open the hood. Remove the bumper fascia.
| Fig. 8.5. Side bolts bumper beam
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Remove the side bolts of the bumper beam, the left and right (Fig. 8.5).
| Fig. 8.6. The central bolts of the bumper beam
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Remove the central bumper beam mounting bolts and remove the front bumper beam (Fig. 8.6). Setting Together with an assistant gently move the beam to the center of the bumper beam bracket on the frame of the radiator, align the mounting holes and profit bolts. Align the holes in the side of the bumper beam mounting bolts (left and right) with the holes in the frame radiator and profit bolts. Align the beam with respect to the bumper of the car body and tighten all the bolts of the beam. Refit the bumper.
Lockers Niche front wheels with plastic wheel arch liners are protected from impacts of gravel and dirt. Lockers are attached with screws to the inside of otbortovok wheel arch lining the front bumper and the front wing mudguard. Liner has three attachment points for installation of floor protective apron.
Rear bumper
| Fig. 8.7. Rear bumper: 1 - bumper; 2 - a decorative overlay bumper; 3 - upper bracket bumper; 4 - energy absorbing element of the bumper; 5 - upper bracket bumper; 6 - bumper beam; 7 - the lower brackets of the bumper beam
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The design of the rear bumper is similar to the design of the front bumper, except for the presence in the rear bumper energy absorbing element. The rear bumper of the car consists of a beam, the upper bumper brackets, bottom brackets bumper, energy absorbing element and a plastic bumper. Bumper strength member is metal bar that is attached to the rear of the car. Bumper is attached to the upper and lower brackets bumper, rear fender. The wall mounted bumper fog lamp and decorative trim lining.
Lining the rear bumper Withdrawal Open the tailgate.
| Fig. 8.8. The upper fastening screws of the rear bumper
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Remove the four screws that secure the top of the bumper (Fig. 8.8). Remove the two screws securing the bumper at the rear wheel arches at the top joint of lining and arches of the rear wings. Remove the pin rear fog light.
| Fig. 8.9. Bolts bumper beams to the body: 1 - pin rear fog light
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Remove the bolts from the bumper beam under its lining and remove the rear bumper assembly (Fig. 8.9). Disconnect the trim and bumper beam, removing the screws fastening the lining to the upper and lower bracket bumper. Setting Refit bumper to bumper beam so that the holes in the upper and lower mounting brackets and wall cladding coincided. Loosely mounting screws. Check the relative position of cladding and bumper beams, tighten the mounting screws. Together with an assistant move the rear bumper assembly to the rear of the body and align the mounting holes in the bracket body and the bumper beam. Loosely bolts of the bumper beam. Align the bumper with respect to the vehicle body, and tighten the bolts. Tighten the two screws securing the bumper at the rear wheel arches at the top joint of lining and arches of the rear wings. Wrap the top four screws securing the bumper. If you perform the last operation is not possible due to different holes, loosen the bolts of the bumper to the body and moving the bumper assembly, achieve matching holes. Connect the connector on the rear fog lamp.
Hood Removing and installing bonnet Removing and installing bonnet spend with the assistant. Disconnect the windshield washer hose from the nozzle and the hose clip on the back of the hood. Remove the hood by removing the two screws on the hinges. Installing the hood is held in reverse order of removal. Adjusting the hood Loosen the bonnet hinge mounting bolts and adjust the hood, moving it VVER-hvniz and left-right.
Adjust the height by rotating the cowl hood buffers (Fig. 8.10).
Hood lock Withdrawal
| Fig. 8.11. Tighten the screws on the housing bonnet
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Remove the three mounting bolts of the bonnet. Tightening torque of bolts fastening the bonnet 7-11 Nm.
| Fig. 8.12. Removal of a cable the bonnet
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Remove the lock and a cable lock actuator, remove the hood lock (Fig. 8.12). Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Tilt the bonnet Slightly loosen the bonnet.
| Fig. 8.13. Tilt the bonnet
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Adjust the bonnet by moving it up and down or left and right (Fig. 8.13).
Tailgate
| Fig. 8.14. ?�???�???? ?�?�?????�: 1 ??� ???�???????� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�; 2 ??� ???�?????�???�?????�???? ????????; 3 ??� ???�?�?�?? ?????�????; 4 ??� ?????????�?�?? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�; 5 ??� ???�???????�?�???????�?? ???�???�?�?????�; 6 ??� ???�?????�???�?? ?????�???� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�; 7 ??� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�; 8 ??� ?�???????�?�???? ?�?�?????�; 9 ??� ???????????�???� ?�???�?????????????? ???�???????�?????? ?�?�?????�; 10 ??� ???�?�???�???????????????? ?�?�?????�; 11 ??� ?�?�??????; 12 ??� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�???? ???�?�???�?�; 13 ??� ?????�???�?????�?�?�?? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�
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?�???�???? ?�?�?????� ???????�?�?�???� ???� ??????. 8.14 . Refitting ???????�???� ?? ?????�?�?????????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????� ???????????????�?� ?? ?????????�??????????. ???????????�?� ???�?�?????�?????�???�?????�?� ?????????� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�. ???�???�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�?�?? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�, ???�?????�?????????�?� ???�?�???�???????????????????? ?? ???????????�?� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�. Installation is carried out in reverse order. ???�???????� ?????�???? ?�?�?????� ???�???�???????�?� ???????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�.
| Fig. 8.15. ???????�???� ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�: 1 ??� ?�?�?�?�?�???? ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�; 2 ??� ?????�???????? ?�?�?�?�?�???? ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�
|
?? ?????????�???? ?????�?????????� ???????????�?� ?�?�?�?�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????� ( ??????. 8.15 ). Installation is carried out in reverse order.
???�?????�???�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�???? ???�?�???�?� ???????????�?� ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�.
| Fig. 8.16. ?�?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?� ???? ?�?�?�??????
|
???????????�?� ???�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?� ???? ?�?�?�?????? ( ??????. 8.16 ). ???????????�?� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?????�?????�???�?�?�??, ???�???�???????? ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?? ???�???�?�?????? ???�?????????� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�. ???????�???� ?�?�?�???�???? ?�???�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?????�?????�???�?�?�?? 7??�11 ???�??. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
?�?�?�???�???????????????? ?�?�?????� ?? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????� ???????????�?� ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�. ???�?????�?????????�?� ?�?????? ???�?�???�?????????????????� ???� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????� ?? ???????????�?� ???�?�???�???????????????? ?? ?�???�???????? ?�?�?????�, ???�???�???????? ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�??????. ?????? ???????�???? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????� ???�?�?????� ???????�???????�?� ?�???? ?? ???�??????????. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
?�?�?????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????� ???????????�?� ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�. ???�?????�?????????�?� ???� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?????? ?????????????�.
| Fig. 8.17. ???????� ???�?????�?????? ?????�???? ?????�????
|
???�?????�?????????�?� ?�?????? ???�?????�?????? ?????�???? ?????�???? ( ??????. 8.17 ).
| Fig. 8.18. ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?�?�?????� ?????�????
|
???????????�?� ?�?�?????? ?????�????, ???�???�???????? ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ( ??????. 8.18 ). Installation is carried out in reverse order.
???�?????�???�?? ?????�???� ?????�???? ?�?�?????� ???????????�?� ???�???????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�.
| Fig. 8.19. ???�?????�???�?? ?????�???� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�: 1 ??� ???�???????�?�???????�?? ???�???�?�?????� ???�?????�?????? ?????�???? ?????�????; 2 ??� ???�?????�???�?? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�; 3 ??� ???�?????�???�?? ?????�???� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�
|
???�???�???????�?� ???�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�???????�?�?????????? ???�???�?�?????? ?? ???�?????�?????? ?????�???? ?? ???????�???�?????�?? ???�?????????� ?????�????, ???�?????�?????????�?� ?�?????? ?????????????� ?�?�?????� ?? ???????????�?� ???�???????�?�?????????? ???�???�?�?????? ?? ???�?????�?????? ?????�???? ( ??????. 8.19 ). ???????????�?� ?�?????�???? ???????�?�?�?????? ???????�?????????? ?�???�???�, ???�???�???????? ???????�?� ?????�???�?�??????. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
?�?�?????�???????????� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�???? ?�?�?????�
| Fig. 8.20. ?�?�?????�???????????� ?????�???�?�?????? ?�???????�?�?????� ?�?�?????� ?????�???? ?�?�?????�
|
Adjust the position of the tailgate opening with respect to the body by moving the lock striker up and down or left and right (Fig. 8.20).
| Fig. 8.21. Adjusting the tailgate hinge
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Adjust the gap between the tailgate and the body, changing the position of the door hinges (Fig. 8.21). Adjust the protrusion of the tailgate relative to the body by rotating the left or right buffers.
Door The front door
| Fig. 8.22. The front door 1 - door panel; 2 - stroke limiter door; 3 - the panel of the front door; 4 - external door handle; 5 - lock switch; 6 - sealing glass doors; 7 - Rear door glass run channel; 8 - pull off the lock casing; 9 - lock the door; 10 - inner door handle; 11 - interior doors; 12 - window handle; 13 - windows; 14 - the glass doors; 15 - Front door glass run channel
|
Removing and installing front door trim
| Fig. 8.23. Screw mounting inside door handle: 1 - pull off the lock; 2 - pull the handle lock actuator
|
Remove the screws that secure the inside door handle (Fig. 8.23).
| Fig. 8.24. Removing the door trim (arrows show the screws that secure the door trim)
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Remove the screws that secure the door trim, free from holders using the trim remover and remove it (Fig. 8.24). Disconnect the power window switch connector.
NOTE When removing the upholstery fabric wrap the working part of a stripper, so as not to damage the painted surface. |
Remove the holder of the door trim (unscrewing two screws), Weatherproof apron speaker (undoing the four screws) and disconnect the speaker connector. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Glass and windows Remove the door trim, trim holder, water resistant apron and speaker. By pressing the window switch gently lower the glass so that the door was opening the box the two mounting bolts of the glass.
| Fig. 8.25. Bolts window (indicated by arrows): 1 - glass; 2 - windows
|
Tightening torque of fastening of glass 8-12 Nm.
| Fig. 8.26. Scheme recovery of glass doors
|
Bring the glass of the seal and carefully pull out of the opening (Fig. 8.26).
A WARNING Be careful - do not drop the glass in the door box and do not scratch it. |
Disconnect the power window motor.
| Fig. 8.27. Nuts of fastening mechanism and window motor
|
Remove the window regulator assembly by removing the nuts and bolts of the mechanism window motor mounting (Fig. 8.27). Tightening torque nuts window mechanism 4-6 Nm. Remove the front door glass run channel by removing the nuts. Tightening torque nuts front door glass run channel 4-6 Nm.
| Fig. 8.28. Nuts of fastening the rear door glass run channel
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Remove the rear door glass run channel by loosening the nuts (Fig. 8.28). Tightening torque nuts rear door glass run channel 4-6 Nm. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
The castle and the outer door handle Remove the front door trim, trim holder, water resistant apron and speaker. Remove the glass and windows.
| Fig. 8.29. Remove the cover off the lock rod (mounting screws housing arrows): 1 - housing puller pull off the lock; 2 - pull the cover off the lock
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Remove the screws securing the casing and pull off the castle with the help of a stripper remove the cover (Fig. 8.29).
| Fig. 8.30. Nuts of fastening of the door lock
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Remove the three screws that secure the door lock (Fig. 8.30). Tightening torque nuts door lock 8-11 Nm. Remove the bolts from the outside door handle, remove the rod and remove the outer knob. Tightening torque of bolts outside door handle 8-11 Nm. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Adjusting the door
Slightly loosen the door hinge and adjust the position by moving the door in the doorway up and down or left and right (Fig. 8.31).
| Fig. 8.32. The door lock striker (arrows show the screws that secure the striker)
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Adjust the position of striker (Fig. 8.32), slightly loosen the screws and moving the lock up and down or left and right.
Glass doors Loosen the bolts to the plate glass mounting windows and adjust the position of the glass, moving it up or down. Loosen the bolts and adjust the position of the window glass window by moving the windows up and down and left and right.
Backdoor
| Fig. 8.33. The back door 1 - door panel; 2 - stroke limiter door; 3 - glass door seal; 4 - motionless glass; 5 - pull the cover off the lock; 6 - lock the door; 7 - interior doors; 8 - windows; 9 - the sliding glass doors; 10 - window handle; 11 - the rear door glass run channel
|
Removing and installing door trim Remove the screws that secure the inside door handle.
| Fig. 8.34. Tighten the screws on the door trim
|
Remove the screws that secure the door trim and with the help of a stripper remove the cover (Fig. 8.34).
NOTE Wrap the working part of a stripper with a cloth so as not to damage the painted surface. |
Remove the holder of the door trim, apron Weatherproof speaker and disconnect the speaker connector. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Glass and windows Remove the door trim, trim holder, water resistant apron and speaker. By pressing the window switch gently set the glass into the desired position.
| Fig. 8.35. Nuts of fastening window
|
Remove the three nuts window (Fig. 8.35), slightly loosen four screws, then remove the holder from the glass window. Tightening torque nuts window 8-12 Nm. Unscrew the glass run channel. Tightening torque fastening glass groove 8-12 Nm. Carefully remove the glass from the door box. Remove the windows, unscrewing the nut a quarter of its fastening.
A WARNING Be careful - do not drop it and do not scratch the glass. |
| Fig. 8.36. Removing the glass sealant
|
| Fig. 8.37. Screw fastening of the top groove
|
Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Fixed window Remove the rear door trim. Remove the glass and windows. Remove the glass run channel.
| Fig. 8.38. Removing the fixed window
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Remove the fixed window, moving it in the direction indicated in the figure. 8.38. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
The castle and the outer door handle Remove the door trim, trim holder, water resistant apron and speaker. Remove the glass and windows.
| Fig. 8.39. Tighten the screws on the lock casing pull off
|
Remove the screws that secure the housing thrust off the lock (Fig. 8.39) and remove the cover with the help of a stripper.
| Fig. 8.40. Tighten the screws on the door lock
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Disconnect the power window motor and unscrew the screws that secure the door lock (Fig. 8.40). Tightening torque screws door lock 8-11 Nm. Remove the bolts from the outside door handle, remove the rod, remove the lock and the outside door handle. Tightening torque of bolts outside door handle 8-12 Nm. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
Adjusting the doors Slightly loosen the door hinge and adjust the position of the door by moving it up and down or left and right. Adjust the position of striker, slightly loosen the screws and moving the lock up and down or left and right.
Adjusting the sliding window Remove the door trim and moisture protection apron. Raise the window. Slightly loosen the nuts window. Glass slide towards the rear part or the front part and tighten the nuts. Lower the window. Loosen the nuts rear groove. Slide the rear groove all the way to the edge of the glass and tighten the nuts. Check for smooth movement of the glass.
Decorative trim Doors Laths doors installed on the plastic latches disposed at a small distance from each other. To remove the pads need to insert a screwdriver or another suitable tool between the plate and the surface of the door. Gradually moving along the pad, separate the cover from the door, overcoming the resistance of latches. To prevent injury during use protective gloves. Screwdriver or other tool used to remove the pad, wrap a cloth so as not to damage the paintwork of the body. When removing the pad, take care not to damage the paintwork of the body. The damaged when removing the door trim can not be reused.
Door mirror
| Fig. 8.41. Outside rear-view mirror: 1 - a decorative overlay; 2 - body mirror; 3 - frame mirror; 4 - mirror element; 5 - frame mirror element; 6 - the base of the mirror; 7 - Remote Panel
|
Withdrawal Remove the interior trim mirror inside the door. Disconnect the connector of the heating system and electric mirrors. Remove the mirror by removing the three screws.
Sliding roof (sunroof)
| Fig. 8.42. Sliding roof: 1 - drive cable; 2 - slider; 3 - a decorative overlay; 4 ??� ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�???�?? ???�???????�; 5 ??� ???�?�???�??; 6 ??� ?????�???�?�???? ???�????????; 7 ??� ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 8 ??� ?�???????�?�????; 9 ??� ???�?�?�?????�?? ?????????????�; 10 ??� ?????�???�?????�?�?�??; 11 ??� ???�?�????; 12 ??� ???????????�?�????; 13 ??� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�??; 14 ??� ???�???�???????? ???�?????????? ???�?�?????�????; 15 ??� ???�???�; 16 ??� ???????????????�; 17 ??� ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�??????; 18 ??� ???�?�?�?�???�????; 19 ??� ???�????????
|
?????????�???�?? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ???????�?�?�???� ???� ??????. 8.42 . ???????�???� ?? ?????�?�?????????� ?�?????� ?? ???�?????� ?�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????? ???????�?????� ?? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ???�???�?�?????????? ?????�???????�???? ???????�?? ???�???????? ?????�????. ?�?�?? ???????�???? ?�?????� ?? ???�?????� ???????????�?� ???�?�???????�???� ???�?�?�?�??: ??� ???�???�???????� ???????�??????; ??� ?�?�?????�?� ???????�?????�; ??� ???????????�?? ?????�????; ??� ???�?�???�???????? ???�???�???????� ???�???�?? ?????�?????�; ??� ???�?�???�???????? ?????????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�???�??; ??� ???�?�???�???????? ?????????????? ?�?�???????� ?????�???�??; ??� ???�?????? ?�?�?�?????�?????????�?? ???�???�???????� ???????�??????; ??� ?????�?????� ?? ???�???�?????� ???�?�???�???????? ?????�???????� ???�???�?? ?????�?????�; ??� ?????�???�?�?????� ???�?????�?? ?�?�?�?????�?????????�?? ?�?�?????�???? ???????�??????; ??� ???????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�????????; ??� ?????�???�?�?????� ???�?????? ?�?�?�?????�?????????�?? ?????�?????�???? ???�???�?� ?�?�?????�???? ???????�??????; ??� ?�?????????�?� ???�?�???�???????? ?�?�???�?�???????? ???�???�?�?�??????; ??� ???�?�???�???????? ?�?�???????� ???�???�?? ?????�?????�; ??� ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�???�?� ?????�?�???????? ?? ?????????�????; ??� ???�???????? ?????�????.
| Fig. 8.43. ?�?????????�?????????? ???�?�???? ?? ???�?????????? ???�?�?????�????: 1 ??� ???�???�; 2 ??� ???????????�?????????? ???�?�????
|
???�?????�?????????�?� ???????????�?????????? ???�?�???? ( ??????. 8.43 ).
| Fig. 8.44. ?????�???�?�?????� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????: 1 ??� ???�?�???�?? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????; 2 ??� ???�???�; 3 ??� ???�??????; 4 ??� ?�???�?�
|
???????????�?� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ?? ???�?????�, ???�???�???????? ???�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ?? ???????? ?�???�?� ( ??????. 8.44 ). ???????�???� ?�?�?�???�???? ???�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? 4??�6 ???�??. Installation is carried out in reverse order.
???�?�???�?? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????
| Fig. 8.45. ???????�???� ???�???????�?�?????????? ???�???�?�??????: 1 ??� ???�?�???�??; 2 ??� ???�?�?�?�???�????; 3 ??� ???�???????�?�???????�?? ???�???�?�?????�; 4 - Headlining
|
???�?????????�?� ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�?????? ???�???????? ?? ?? ?????????�???? ???�???�???�???? ???????????�?� ???�???????�?�?????????? ???�???�?�?????? ( ??????. 8.45 ).
| Fig. 8.46. ?�?�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????
|
???????????�?� ???�?�???�?? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????, ???�???�???????? ???�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? (?? ?????�?????? ?? ?�?�?????? ???�?????????�) ( ??????. 8.46 ). ???????�???� ?�?�?�???�???? ???�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? 4??�6 ???�??. Installation is carried out in reverse order. Dismantling
| Fig. 8.47. ?�?�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ?????????????� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? (???????�?�?�???� ???�???�?�???�????): 1 ??� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�??; 2 ??� ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�??????; 3 ??� ???�?�?�?????�?? ?????????????�
|
???�???�???????�?� ???�?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ?????????????� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????, ???�?�???�?????????�?� ???????�?�???�???�?? ???�?�???�?? ?�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????? ?? ???????????�?� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ( ??????. 8.47 ). ???????????�?� ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�??????.
| Fig. 8.48. ?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�?????�???� ?????????????� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????
|
???????????�?� ???�?�?�?????�?? ?????????????� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????, ???�???�???????? ???????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ( ??????. 8.48 ).
| Fig. 8.49. ???????? ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�?????? ???�????????
|
???????????�?� ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�?????? ???�????????, ???????? ???????? ???� ???????�?� ???�?�?????� ( ??????. 8.49 ).
| Fig. 8.50. ?????�???�?????�?????� ?�???????�?�?????�
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| Fig. 8.51. ???????�???� ???�?????�???�?????�?�??: 1 ??� ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 2 ??� ???�???�; 3 ??� ?�???????�?�????
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???????�???????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�????, ???�?�?�?? ???�???�???�?????? ???� ?????�?�????, ?????????? ???�???�?????�?� ?????�???� ?�???????�?�???? ?�?�???�?� ???�???�?????�???� ???� ???�???�?�?????? ???�?????????� ???�?�?????�, ???????�?� ?�?�???? ???????????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�????, ?????�???�?????�?? ?????????? ?�???????�?�???? ?? ?????�?�?�???????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?? ?????�???? ???�?�?????� ( ??????. 8.50 ?? 8.51 ).
| Fig. 8.52. ???????�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????� (???????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�?�???�?????� ?????�?�?�???� ???�???�?�???�????): 1 ??� ???�?�????; 2 ??� ???�?�?�?�???�????; 3 ??� ???�????????
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???????????�?� ???�?�?�?�???�????, ???�???�???????? ???????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???????�???� ?? ???�?�???� ( ??????. 8.52 ). Assembly ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�?�?�?�???�???? (?????�?�?????? ?�?�?�????, ???????????�?????????�?� ???�????????).
| Fig. 8.53. ?????�?�?????????� ?�???????�?�?????�: 1 ??� ?�???????�?�????; 2 ??� ???�???�
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?�???�?�?????�?� ?�???????�?�???? ?? ???�?�???? ( ??????. 8.53 ).
A WARNING ???� ???�???�???�?�???�?????�?� ???�???�?�???? ?�?�???�?? ?? ?????�???�?? ?�???????�?�?????�. |
| Fig. 8.54. ???????????�???????�?????� ?????�?�?????� ?? ?�????????: 1 ??� ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 2 ??� ?????�???????�?�?�??; 3 ??� ?????????????????? ?�??????
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???????????�?????????�?� ?????�?�???? ?? ?�????????. ?????�???�???�?� ???????????? ?????�???????�?�?�?? ???? ?????????�?�?�?????? ?? ?????�?�???????? ???�?????�???�?????�?�?? ( ??????. 8.54 ).
| Fig. 8.55. ???????????�???????� ?????�?�?????� ???�?? ?????�?�?????????? ???�?????�???�?????�?�?? ?? ???�?�????
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?�?�???????�???�???�?� ???�???�???? ?�?�?????�???� ?? ( ??????. 8.55 ) ?????�???�??, ?� ?????????????? ?�?�?????�???� ?� ???????�??.
| Fig. 8.56. ?????�???????�?????� ?????�?�?????� ?? ?�???????�?�????????: 1 ??� ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 2 ??� ?�???????�?�????; 3 ??� ???�???�????; 4 ??� ?????�?�????
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?�???�?�?????�?� ???�???�???? ?????�?�?????� ?? ???�?� ?�???????�?�?????� ( ??????. 8.56 ).
| Fig. 8.57. ?????�?�?????????� ???�?????�???�?????�?�?? ?? ???�?�????: 1 ??� ???????�?�
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?�???�?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�???� ???????????�???????�?�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�???? ???�?????�???�???� ???????�??????, ?????�?�?????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???? ?? ???�?�????, ?� ???????�???�???????? ???????�?? ?? ???�???�?????�???� ?????�???�???? ???�?�?????� ( ??????. 8.57 ). ?????�???????�???? ?????�?�?????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???? ?? ???�?�????.
| Fig. 8.58. ?????�?�?�?????� ?????�?�?????� ???? ?????????� ?? ?????�???????�?�?�??: 1 ??� ???�???�???�???�; 2 ??� ?????�?�????
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???�???�???�?????? ???�???�???????????�?� ?????�?�???? ???? ?????????� ?? ?????�???????�?�?�?? ( ??????. 8.58 ).
| Fig. 8.59. ?�?�?�???�???�?� ?????�???�?�????
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?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�???�?�?�?�?�???�?????? ???�????????, ?????�?�?????�?� ???????? ( ??????. 8.59 ).
A WARNING ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ???�???????? ?????????�?�?????�?� ?�?� ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ?�?�?�???�???�?� ?????�???�?�???? ?�?�?�?? ???�???�?�???? ?????�?�???????�?�???�. |
?�???�?�?????�?� ?�?????? ?? ?�?????�???? ???�?�?�?????�???� ?????????????�. ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�?�?�?????�?? ?????????????� ?? ???�???? ?�?????�. ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�??????, ?????????�???�???�?� ???????�?�???�???�?? ???�?�???�??. ???????�???�?�???�?�?�???? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ???????�?� ?????�?�??????????
| Fig. 8.60. ???????�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ???�???�???�?�?�?????�?? ?�?????� ???� ?�?�???�???�?�???????? ???????????�?? ???�???�?�?? ???????�???????? (???????�?�?�???� ???�???�?�???�????)
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?�?�?? ???????�???�?�???�?�?�???? ?????????????�???�?????? ???�?�?????�?� ???� ???�???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???�?�?�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ?? ???????????�???????? ?? ???�???�?????�?�???????? ???�?????�???�?�???????� ?????? ???�???�???�?�???????? ?�?�?�?????�?????? ?? ?�?�?????�?�???? ???�???�?�??, ?�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�. ?????? ???�???? ?????????�???�?? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ?????�?�???� ?�???�?????�?�???�?�?????? ?????????�?????�?�??????, ?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�?�?????? ?? ?????�?�?�?????? ?? ?�?�?????�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ( ??????. 8.60 ).
NOTE ???????�???�?�???�?�?�???? ???�???? ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ???�?????�?????�?? ?? ???�?�???????�???� ???�???�?�???�: ??� ???????�?� ???�?????�?�???? ???�?? ?�?�?????�?�???? ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ???????�??????; ??� ???????�?� ?�?�???�???� ???�?�?�?�?�??, ?? ?�???? ?�?????�?� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�??, ?�?�?????� ???????�???�?�??????, ????????????????; ??� ???????�?� ?????�???�???�?????? ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???????????????? ?�?????�; ??� ?????? ???�???????�?????? ???�?�???�?� ???????�?� ?�?�???�???� ?�???????????�???�?????????? ?�?�?�?�???�??. ???????�???�?�???�?�?�???? ???????????????�?� ?? ???????�?� ???�???????? ?�?????�. |
?????�???????????� ???�?????�?�???� ?? ?�?�?????�?�???� ?�?????�
| Fig. 8.61. ?????�???????????� ???�?????�?�???� ?? ?�?�?????�?�???� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�????
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?????�???????????� ???�?????�?�???� ?? ?�?�?????�?�???� ?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?? ?????�???? ???????�?�?�???? ???� ??????. 8.61 . ?????? ?�?�?????�?�???? ?�?????� ?????�?�?????�?� ???�???�???????�?????�?? ???�???� ?? ?????�?�???? ???�?�?� ???�?�???�?????????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�???�?�?????? ?????�?�?�???�?� ?�???? ???? ?�?�?????????? ???�???�?�???�. ?????�???????????� ???�?????�?�???� ???�?? ?�?�?????�?�???� ???????????????�???? ?????? ???�???�?�?� ???�?�???�?????????????????� ???�?? ?�?�?????� ???????�???�?�??????, ???�?????????�??, ?????????� ???�?�?????�?�?�???? ?????�????, ?????? ?�?�???� ???? ?�???�?????�???�???� ?? ?�.??.
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