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REPAIR MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Mazda 626 / MX-6 (from 1982 to 1991, the year of issue)

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Mazda 626 / MX-6
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Engine Overhaul



Repair work, possible without removing the engine from the car
Without removal of the engine from the vehicle can perform most of the basic repair operations.
Before any work is recommended to wash the engine compartment and the engine running water. Working with pure engine easier as possible to prevent contamination of the internal components of the engine. To expand the workspace and not to damage the paint, remove the bonnet and mudguards. If there are traces of leaks of oil or coolant, indicating the need to replace the gaskets, all the work is usually carried out without removal of the engine. Can be replaced without removing the oil pan gasket, cylinder head gaskets inlet and outlet manifolds of the front and back covers of the crankshaft and the oil seal.
Without removal of the engine is possible to remove the water pump, starter, alternator, distributor, intake and exhaust manifolds, fuel pump and carburetor.
Since the cylinder head can also be removed without removal of the engine, it can be repaired and the valve mechanism. Hook can be performed such works as replacement or check of a condition of a gear belt, pulleys toothed timing belt, the oil pump and sealing of the front cover.
In extreme cases, when there is no necessary equipment, without removal of the engine can be replaced by the piston rings, pistons, connecting rods and connecting rod bearings, othoningovat cylinders. However, to carry out this work without removal of the engine is not recommended because the need to clear the relevant details and complete the preparations.

General recommendations for the overhaul of the engine
It is not always easy to come to a conclusion about the advisability of engine overhaul, as it is based on a number of indicators. High mileage is not always an indicator of the need for major repairs and small run does not exclude overhaul. The most important indicator of likely is timeliness of current maintenance of the engine. When changing the oil and air filter, the performance of all other necessary maintenance work on time is a reliable engine for thousands of kilometers. Inadequate maintenance can cause a sharp reduction in resources. Increased consumption of oil specifies in deterioration of piston rings or valve guides. Make sure that the leak is not the cause of increased oil consumption, and only after that to do a conclusion about unfitness of piston rings and directing plugs. To determine the scope of future work, measure a compression in cylinders or check the tightness of the combustion chamber, which is recommended to consult a specialist.
If the engine is tapped increased noise or knocking, the probable cause of the wear inserts can be connecting rod or main bearing. Remove the pressure sensor and measure the oil pressure gauge, compare the value obtained with the specified technical data. If the pressure is low, it may cause wear on bearings or the oil pump. Loss of power failures in the operation of the engine, increased noise from the timing, increased fuel consumption point to the need for major repairs, especially if these symptoms appear simultaneously malfunction. If performance of all adjustments does not improve, the most expedient repair.
Overhaul is to restore parts of the engine to a condition specified in the technical data for the new engine. During the overhaul replaced piston rings and cylinder walls chiseled (or honing) to repair size. After repair of cylinders installation of new pistons need. Rods and radical loose leaves must also be replaced, if necessary, grind the crankshaft to restore gaps with rods and indigenous inserts. Typically, the valve mechanism is not replaced, since its condition at the time of repair, usually satisfactory. During engine overhaul and repair is performed carburetor, distributor, starter and generator. As a result, the engine should possess qualities of almost new unit and smoothly serve long time. Before starting engine overhaul read the description of the repair work in order to determine the scope of future work. Overhaul is simple, but time consuming. Roughly it is required not less than two weeks, especially if for repair and restoration of components (grinding, boring) will have to address in a specialized workshop. Check the availability of spare parts and in advance take care of acquisition of necessary special tools and equipment.
Almost all the work can be performed using a standard set of tools, but to test and determine the suitability of those or other details need precise measuring instruments. Often the inspection of the parts is carried out in specialized workshops, which give recommendations for replacement parts or restoration.
Since the state of the cylinder is the determining factor to decide on its further repair or purchase new repair cylinder follows only after careful check of its technical condition. Make it a rule that the true price of repair is time, then do not have to pay for the installation of used or reconditioned parts.
In conclusion, the assemblage of any units should be carried out very carefully, in a clean room to avoid further refusals of the repaired engine.

A WARNING
Contact the service center workshops follows only after full dismantling of the engine and check all parts, especially the cylinder block, to decide which operations on service and repair will be carried out in workshops.

Alternatives engine overhaul
At independent performance of major repairs various options. The decision to replace the cylinder, connecting rod and piston group and a cranked shaft depends on several factors, of which the most important is the condition of the cylinder. Other criteria are the need of overhaul repair cost, access to equipment Car workshop, the availability of spare parts, time planned for work, as well as personal experience.
Here are some of the embodiments of the overhaul.
Acquisition of separate parts.
If the survey indicates that the engine block and most of the details in a satisfactory condition and can be used further the most expedient from the economic point of view, the purchase of certain spare parts. The cylinder block, connecting rod and piston group and a cranked shaft should be carefully examined. Even if insignificant deterioration of the block of cylinders, cylinders are subject to mandatory honing.
Crankshaft complete set.
This repair kit includes reground crankshaft and a set of matched size pistons and rods. Pistons are already established on rods. The kit also includes a set of piston rings, main and connecting rod bushings. These kits usually contain pistons both standard, and all repair sizes.
Block cylinders of an incomplete complete set.
It comprises a cylinder mounted crank mechanism and piston group. The kit includes a new ear of indigenous and connecting rod bearings, all backlashes correspond to norms. On the set of the existing installed camshaft, valve train, the cylinder head and ancillaries. Expenses for machining are minimum or are not required absolutely.
The cylinder block is a complete set.
The cylinder block complete set contains the entire set of the cylinder block is missing, as well as the oil pump, oil pan, cylinder head cover the camshaft bearings, camshaft, valve gear, pulley toothed belt camshaft drive, toothed belt and belt guard. All parts are installed with new bearings, seals and gaskets. On the set of install only the intake and exhaust manifolds and ancillaries. Think carefully about which of the alternatives is best suited to you; before purchase of details consult in car-care center, with suppliers and retailers of spare parts.

Safety precautions when removing the engine
If the decision to lift the engine for overhaul or repair of the basic knots it is necessary to make the arrangements. It is essential to identify the place where the work will be carried out. Undoubtedly, the best place is the workshop. If neither a workshop, nor the garage is not present, the equal smooth concrete or asphalt playground. Cleaning the engine compartment and the engine before removing the tool will allow to keep clean and maintain it in good condition.
Need a lift or hoist. Make sure that these devices are able to lift the engine with all units. Compliance with safety regulations is of utmost importance, since the extraction of the engine from the car - operation dangerous.
If you work for the removal of the engine are carried out by inexperienced person, you need an assistant. Ask the help of experienced engineers. There are many kinds of works on extraction of the engine from the engine compartment, which must be performed with an assistant.
In advance plan the actions. Agree or get all necessary tools and equipment before beginning work. To some adaptations providing safety when removing and installing the engine, as well as reducing labor costs include (besides the lift) the strong supports, a full set of keys and mandrels, wooden chocks, rags and a solvent to remove the inevitable pools from the spilled liquids. If the lift is rented, arrange in advance and do all the work in which this mechanism is not needed. This will save money and time. Keep in mind that for a long time, you can not use the car. To perform certain works, which require special equipment, it is necessary to contact the service center. Before lifting the engine accurately estimate expenses of time for repair and restoration of components.
Be very careful when removing the engine. Rash actions can cause serious injuries. In advance consider the actions. Do not spare the time for it, the main thing - work without traumas.

Disassembly at engine major repairs
The easiest way to disassemble the engine and carry out all types of work on a portable stand. Before installation of the engine on the stand is necessary to remove the flywheel with the coupling mechanism.
If you stand there, you can disassemble the engine, strengthening it on a sturdy bench or floor. At dismantling without the stand be very careful during operations on the engine.
If the engine is supposed to put into repair, it is first necessary to remove all units to establish them subsequently in the same manner as at independent major repairs. These units include:
- The generator and arms;
- Of reducing emissions;
- The distributor of ignition, a candle and high-voltage wires;
- Thermostat with housing;
- water pump;
- carburetor;
- Inlet and exhaust manifolds;
- oil filter;
- fuel pump;
- Details of the suspension of the engine;
- A flywheel with the coupling mechanism.

A WARNING
When removing from the engine of hinged units, with special attention concern those details that may be required when installing the engine or auxiliary installation. Put labels on linings, gaskets, spacers, shafts, washers, nuts, to install them in the same position.

If the block of cylinders of an incomplete complete set, ie cylinder block with established crank mechanism and piston group, you should also remove the cylinder head, oil sump and the oil pump. The list of details subject to removal is determined by the accepted variant of repair.
If you plan to carry out a complete overhaul, the engine should be completely dismantled and removed parts of the engine in the following order:
- Casings of a gear timing belt;
- toothed belt;
- The cylinder head cover;
- Front and back covers;
- Cylinder head and camshaft;
- Oil pan;
- oil pump;
- Connecting rod and piston group;
- crankshaft.
Before dismantling and performance of procedures of major repairs will need the following tools and equipment:
- A standard set of tools;
- Small boxes or plastic bags for storage of parts;
- Spatula to remove residual gasket;
- Scan to countersink holes;
- Shock stripper;
- Micrometers;
- Dial indicator with mounting system;
- The adaptation for compression of springs;
- A device for honing cylinders;
- Tool for cleaning piston ring grooves;
- Electric;
- A set of taps and dies;
- Wire brushes;
- solvent.

A WARNING
On sale are new and reconstruction of the cylinder head. As for disassembly and inspection will need specialized tools and spare parts is sometimes hard to find, it is best to purchase a new cylinder head, than disassemble it, test and repair individual parts.

Dismantling the cylinder head
To disassemble the cylinder head is necessary to remove the intake and exhaust manifolds and related parts. Remove the head of the camshaft and rocker arm assembly with rollers, if the details have not yet been removed. Mark the items or place them separately, so that later can be installed in its place.
Before removing valves mark them or prepare a place to put together all the parts of the valve, and then set the previous guide sleeve.
The special adaptation compress the first valve spring and remove crackers. Carefully loosen the valve spring, remove the plate, springs, valve stem cap and retaining ring, remove the valve from the cylinder head. When removing the valve from the guide difficult (bad pushed), push it back into the guide sleeve and gently treat needle files or blocks of land around the rod bore under the breadcrumbs.
Repeat the same procedure for the other valves. Remember to put together all the parts of the valve in order to subsequently install them to their original location.
After removal of valves and their sorting clean the cylinder head and check its condition. If it is a complete overhaul of the engine, then, before you start cleaning and inspection of the cylinder head, complete all operations of disassembly.

Cleaning and inspection of the cylinder head
Thorough cleaning of the cylinder head and valve train parts, followed by a test will assess the volume of maintenance work at major overhaul of the engine.
Cleaning
Carefully remove all traces of gasket material and sealant to the mating surfaces of the cylinder head, cylinder block, intake and exhaust manifolds, so as not to damage the fragile surface of an aluminum alloy. Use for this purpose a commercially available means, dissolving the material seals and facilitates work.
With the channels of the cooling system, remove the scum.
The stiff wire brush to remove all debris from the oil channels.
Clean tap threads in each threaded hole to remove corrosion and sealant. If available, blow compressed air all channels and holes to remove any remaining particles after cleaning.
Dies clean thread mounting studs of the intake and exhaust manifolds.
Clean the cylinder head solvent and carefully dry. The use of compressed air accelerate drying and will clean all the channels and cavities.

A WARNING
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Check
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Rocker
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Valves
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?� ???�???�?�???�?� ?????�?????????� ?????�???? ???�?????�?????�?? ???�?�?�????????, ?????????�??????, ?????????�??????, ???�???????? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?�?� ???????�?�?????? ?? ???�???�?�?? ?�???�?????�?????????� ?????�?�???� ???�?? ?? ?????�?�???�?�???�?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????????� ???�?? ???�???????�?� ???�?�???�??????.
?� ???�?????????????? ?�?�???�???� ???�?? ?????�?�???�?�???�?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????????� ???�?????�???????�???? ???�?�???????�???� ???????� ???�?�???�: ???????�???� ???????�???? ?? ???�?�???�??????, ???�???�???????� ???�?? ?�?�???�???� ???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�???�?????�???� ???�???�????, ?????????�?????� ?? ?�?�???�???� ???????�????, ???�???????????�?� ?????�?�?� ?? ?????�?�???�?? (???? ???�???� ???�???�?�?????????????�??), ?�?�???�???� ???�???�?????�???�?�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�??????, ?�?�???�???� ???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�???�, ?????????�?????� ???�?????�?� ???????�?????� ?? ???????�?????????? ???????�??????????. ?????? ???�???�?????�?????? ???� ???�???????????�???????�??, ?????�???�???�???�?�?? ??????????, ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???�???? ?????????�???�?????�?�??.
???????�?� ???�?????�???�?????? ?????????�?????? ?? ???�???????�?� ???�?�???�?????? ?? ???� ???�?�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�???�?? ???�?????????�?�???? ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?????�???????�???? ?????????�?�???�???�?????�?�?�????. ???�???�?? ?????�?�???????????? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?????????????�?� ?�?� ?�?�?� ???�?�, ?�?�???�?� ?????�?�???�?? ?????�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?�???????????? ???�?�?�?????�?�?� ???� ???�???�???????? ?????�???????? ???�?? ???????�???????? ???�?�???�??????. If possible blow all channels and apertures the compressed air.
???�???�???????� ???�?�???�??????
?�???�?? ?�?�?????? ???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�???�?� ?????�???� ???�?�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�???????�?�???� ???????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???� ???�???�???????�?????�?� ???�???�?�, ?�?? ???�?�???�???� ???�???�?�?????????? ???????�?�???�?�?? ?? ???�???�?�??. Lapping operation is performed as follows.
???�???�?????�?� ???�?�???�???????� ?????�???�?�???�???? ???????�???? ?�?�???�?�?????????? ???�???�?� ???� ?�?�?????? ???�???�?�. ?�???�?�?????�?� ???�?�???�?? ?? ???�?????�???�?????�???? ???�???�???? ??, ???????????�?�?????�?? ?? ???????�?????�?? ???�?�???�??, ???????�?????�?� ?�???? ?? ???�???�??. ?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?????? ???�???? ???�?�???�?� ???????�?????�???�???? ?????????????????�?�?�?????� ?? ???????� ?�?????�???? ?? ?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ???????�???? ???�???�?�?????? ???�?�?????????????? ???�?�?????�. Grinding can be carried out and an electric drill, a device is inserted into the cartridge. In the process of lapping periodically lift the valve to check the result and re-lapping material.
?????????� ???� ?????�???????� ???�?�???�???� ???�?? ?�?�?????� ???�???�?� ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?????????�??, ???�?????�???�?????�?? ????????????, ?????�?�???�?� ?????�?�?�???? ???????�???? ?�?�???�?�?????????? ???�???�?� ?? ???????????�?�?�???�?� ???????�???????? ???�?�?????????????�?????????? ???�???�????.
???????�?� ???????�???????? ?????�?� ???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�???�?�?? ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????????�?� ???�?????????????? ???�???�?� ???????�???????? ???�?? ?????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�?�?????? ?�?�???�?�?????�, ???????�?????�?� ???�?�???????? ?? ?????? ?????�?????�???????�?? ?????????????�?� ???�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????�????. ?????�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?�?????� ?? ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?????????� ???�?�???�?�?? ???????�?�?????�?? ???�?????? ???�?�?�?�?�??.
???�?�?????�?� ???�???�?�???�??, ?�?�?? ?????? ???�?�???????�?? ???????�???????� ???�?�???�?� ???�?�???�?????? ???�???????�???�?�?????� ???????????� ?????�?�?� ???�?????????�?????? ?? ???�?�?�?? ???�???????????�?????�??. ?�???�?? ???????????????�???? ???????�???????� ???????�?� ???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?�???�?? ???�???�?�??, ???�?�?????????? ???????�???????� ?????�?�?� ?????????�???�?? ?? ???�???�?�?????�?????? ?�???�?????�???????�.

???�???????� ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????
???�???�?? ???�?�?�?�???? ???�???????? ???�???�?�?????????? ???�?�?????�?????? ?? ?�?????�???�?� ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???�?�?�???????????? ???� ?�??????, ???????????????�???? ???�???????� ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�?????????? ???�?? ?? ???�???�?�???�?� ?????�?????????�.
?�???�?? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?????�???�?�?? ?? ???�???�?�?????????? ???�?? ???�???????�?� ???�?�???�??????, ?�?? ???�?�???�???� ???�?� ?�???????� ?????�?�???????�?�???� ???� ???�???�?? ?? ???�?????� ???? ?????�???? ???�?�?�?�??????.
?????�?�?????????�?� ???� ???�?????�???�?????�???� ???�???�???? ???�?�???�?????? ???????�?� ???�???�?????�???�?�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�????. ???????�?????? ???�???�?????�???�?�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???� ???�?????�???�?????�???� ???�???�???? ???????????????�?� ?�?�?????????? ?????�???�???? ?????�???�???� ???? ???????�?????�. ???�?�?�???�???�?� ?????????????�?�?????�?????? ?????�???�?�???� ?????? ?�???? ???????�?????�, ???�?�?????�?� ?�?� ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ???? ???�?????????�?????? ???�?????�???? ???� ???�???�????, ?? ???????�?????????? ???�???�?�?� ???� ???�?�?????�?�?????�?�?�???? ?????�???�???�?????� ???�?�???�???�?? ???�?�???�??????.
?????�???????�???? ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�?�???�???�, ?�?�???�?� ???� ?????????�?????�?? ???�???�?????�???�?�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�????, ?????�?????� ???????????�?� ???�???�?� ???????�????, ???????�?????�, ?�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�???????????�?� ?????�???�?�.
?????�?????�?� ???????�?????? ???�?�???�???� ?? ?????????�???? ?????????????????�?�?�?????? ?? ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?�????. ???�???????�???�?� ???????�?????? ?? ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ?????�?�???? ???????�?? ?? ???�???�?????? ???�???�?????? ???�?�???�???? ???�?�???�???�. ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�??, ???�???�?? ?�?�?? ???�?? ???????�?? ?????????????????�?�?�?????�, ?????�?�???�?� ?????�?�???? ?????????????�?�???�?????? ?????�?�?????? ???�?? ?�???�???�???? ???� ?????�???�?????�??????.
Install the camshaft.
?????�?�???�?� ?????�?�???? ?????�???????�?? ???�???�???? ???????????�???�?� ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�?�????. ?????�?�?????????�?� ???????????�???�?� ?? ???�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�???? ?? ?�?�???�???????? ???????�?�???????�?�?�?�?????????�??.

???????�???� ???????????�?? ?? ???�?�????????
???�???�?? ???????�???�?? ???????????�?? ???�???�?????? ?�?�???�?? ???�?�???????? ?�???�?????????� ???�???�?�?????????? ???�???�?�???�?�?�?? ???�?�???�???�??????, ?�?�???�?� ???????�?? ?�?????�????. ???�???�?????????�?�???? ?? ???????�???????�???�?? ???�?????�???????�?�?�??, ???????�?�???�?�?????? ?? ???????�???????�???�??. ?�???�?? ???� ???�?????�?????�?? ???�?? ?????�???�?�????, ?�?? ?????? ???????�???? ???????????? ?? ???�?�???????? ?????�?????�???� ?????�???????� ????????????. ?�???�?? ?�?????�???? ???�?????????? ???�?�???? ?? ?????�???????� ???????????? ?????? ?????�?�?�?????? ???�???�?�?�?�???�, ?�?? ?????�???�?�???�?�???? ???�???�???�???� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?�?�???�???� ???????????�?? ?? ???�???????�???�???? ???�?�???�???�????.
???�???�?? ???????�???�?? ???�?�???????? ?????????�?????�?� ???� ?????�?????? ?�???�?�. ?????�?�?????????�?� ???????????�?�???? ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ?�???? ?????�???� ?????????�???�?�?� ?? ???????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ?? ???�???�?�?�???? ?�???????????? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�?????? ???�?????????? ???�?�?????�.
???�???�?????�?� ???�?�???? ?? ???�?????????? ?�?�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??, ???????�???�???? ???�?????????�?�???????� ???????�???�, ?? ?? ???�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?�?? ???????????�?�?????� ???� ?????�??. ?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???�???�???�?� ???�?�???? ?????�???�?? ???� ???�?????????�?�???????� ???�?????�?????????� ?? ???�???�?�???�?� ???????�?�?�?????? ???????????�?�?????�. ?????�?????? ?�???�?� ???�???�?? ???�?????�??????????, ???� ?????�???????� ???�???�???�???�???�???? ???�?�????. ?�???�?? ?????�?????? ?�???�?� ???�?�?????� ?????�???�???�?�?� ?�???�?�?�?????�, ?????????�???�???????� ?? ?�?�?�?????�?�???????� ???�?????�?�, ?�???? ???�?�?????�?� ?�?�???�?????�??. ?????�???? ?�?�?????? ?�?� ???????????�???? ???�???�?????�?� ?????�?????? ?�???�?� ?? ???????????� ???�?�????????.

?????????»???·?????°?????µ ?‰?????° ???»?? ???·???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???????? ?»???„?‚?° ???°?‚?????°
Fig. 3.32. ?????????�???�?????�?????� ?�?????� ???�?? ???�???�???�?????? ?????�???????? ?�???�?�?� ???�?�?????�: 1 ??� ?????�?????� ???�?�?????�; 2 ??� ???�???�?? ???�???�???�?????? ?�???�?�?�


?� ???�?�?�???�???� ?�?�???�?�?????�?�?????� ?????�???? ???????????�???�?????�?�?????? ???????????? ???????????�???? ???�???�???�?????? ?????�???????? ?�???�?�?�, ???�?? ?�?�???? ?????�?�?????�?� ?�???? ???�?�???? ???�?�???????? ?? ???????�???�???????�???? ???????????????? ?�?�?�???�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ( ??????. 3.32 ). ?????�?�???�?????�???�?� ?�???�?�?????? ?�?????� ???? ?�?�?� ??????, ???????� ?�???�?� ???� ?????�?�?�???�?�. ?�?�?�???�?????� ?????�???????? ?�???�?�?� ???�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?�???????? ?�???�?�?????� ?�?????�.
?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???�?�???? ???� ???�?�?????�?� ?? ?????�?????�?� ???�?�????????. ?�???�?? ???�?�???? ???�?????�???�???????�, ?�?? ???�???�???????�?� ???� ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ?�?????�?? ???�?�???? ???????�???�?�???�???????�?�?? ???????�???? ?�???�?????????�, ?? ?????�???????? ???�?????�?? ???�?�???? ?????�?�???????�?�??.

?‘?»???? ?†???»????????????, ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?‹?? ???°?», ?????»?°???‹???? ?? ???°?‚?????‹
Fig. 3.33. ?�?�???? ?�???�????????????, ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?�, ?????�?�???�???? ?? ???�?�?????�: 1 ??� ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?�; 2 ??� ???�?�???? ?? ???????????�?????? ???�?�?�?�; 3 ??� ?????�?�???�???? ???�?�???????????? ???????????????????�; 4 - a cover of a rod; 5 ??� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ?? ???????�???�?�?�?�?? ??????????????????; 6 ??� ?????�?�???�?? ???????�?????????? ???????????????????�; 7 - a cover of the radical bearing; 8 ??� ?�?�???? ?�???�????????????


?????�?�?�???�?� ?�?�?�???�???? ???�?�??, ???�???�???????? ???� ???� 1??�2 ???�???????�?�. ???????????�?� ?????�?????? ?? ???�?�?????� ???�?????????? ?�???�?????????� ?????�???�?� ?? ???�?�???????�?? ?????�?�???�???�?? ( ??????. 3.33 ). ???�?�???????�?? ?????�?�???�?? ???� ?????�?????? ???� ???�???�?�???�???�?�. ???�???�?????�?� ???� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�?????? ???�?�?????� ???�???�?�???? ???�?�?????????�?� ???�?? ???�?�???�???�?????????�?� ???�?�????????, ?�?�???�?� ???� ?????????�?????�?? ?????? ???�???�?�?�?�?????? ???�?�?????� ???�?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ?? ???�?�?????? ?�???�????????????, ???�?�???�???????�?� ?????????�???? ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�???????? ?�?�???�?� ???�???�?????? ?�?�???�?? ?�???�?????????�. ?�?�?? ???�?????? ???????????�???�?????�?�???? ???�???�???????????? ?????????�?�????????, ?????�???�?? ?�?� ?? ???�???�?????? ???�?�???????�?? ?????�?�???�??. ?�???�?? ???�???�?�?�?�???? ???????????�?????�?�?????� ???�???�?�?�?�?????? ????????????, ?�?? ?�?�?� ???�?� ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?????�?? ?????�?�?�?????? ?�?????�?????� ?? ???�???�???�?? ?�?�???�?? ?�???�?????????�.
Repeat for the other cylinders. After the pistons with connecting rods are removed from the cylinder, remove the covers of rods, remove the connecting rod bearings, replace the cover and tighten the nuts by hand.
Removing the connecting rod bearings recommended only prior to assembly, thus preventing accidental damage to their working surfaces.

Removing the crankshaft

Using a dial indicator to measure the axial clearance of the crankshaft
Fig. 3.34. Using a dial indicator to measure the axial clearance of the crankshaft


Before removing the crankshaft check the axial play. Set the indicator so that its measuring tip coincides with the axis of the crankshaft and touched the shaft end (Fig. 3.34).
Take the crankshaft toward the rear of the engine, make every effort, and in this position, set the dial indicator to zero. Then move the crankshaft towards the maximum distance and read the display. The axial clearance is the distance by which the shaft is moved. If axial play exceeds the value given in the technical data, check the wear of the thrust shaft flange. If you wear a little, play should be compensated by the installation of new main bearings.
Measuring the axial clearance with a feeler gauge in the absence of the indicator difficult to perform, as persistent half rings of the average crankshaft bearing are available only from the saddle and from the cover they are not. Loosen each bolt main bearing caps 1/4 turn to free them from the hand crank. Check the label on the cover, which should correspond to the number of the cylinder. ???�?�?�???? ?????�?????? ???????�???????�???? ???�?�?????�?? ???� ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??. ?�???�?? ???�???????????????� ???�?????�???�?????�?�, ???�???�?????�?� ???�?�???? ???�???????? ???�?? ???�?�????????. ???� ?????�?????�?� ???????�?????�?� ?????????????????????? ???�?�???�?� ???�???�?�????, ???�?????�???�?�?????�?� ?? ???�?????????? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??.
?�?�?????????? ?????�???�???? ?????�???�???� ?�?�???�?� ???????????? ?????????�?�?????? ?????????????�?� ?????�?????? ?? ???�???�?� ?? ???????????�?� ???� ?? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????. ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ???????�?? ?????�?????? ?????�???? ?????�?�?????�?? ?? ?????� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?? ???�?????�???????�?�?? ?????? ???�?? ???�?�?�???�????. ???� ?????????????�???�?� ???�???�???�?????? ???????�?????????? ???????????????????�, ?�???�?? ???? ?????�?�?�?�???? ?? ?????�?????�.

?????????»???·?????°?????µ ?????°?????????? ?????µ?????????° ???»?? ???????‚???? ???????»???‡?°?‚?????? ???????????????????° ?? ?‚?????†?° ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°
Fig. 3.35. ?????????�???�?????�?????� ?????�?????????? ?????�?????????� ???�?? ???????�???? ???????�???�?�?�?????? ???????????????????� ?? ?�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�


?????�???????�???? ???�???�?�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ???� ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????. ?�?�???????�???????�?�???? ???�?????�?????�?? ???�?? ?????�???�?� ?? ?????????�??????????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�?� ?????????�?????? ?�???�?�?�?�??. ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?????? ???????�?????�?� ?????????????????????? ?????�???�?� ?? ???????????????????�???? ???� ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�?�???�?? ?????????????� ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ???� ????????. ???� ???????�?�???� ?? ???�?�?�?????�?�???????? ?????????�?????? ???�???�???�?� ?? ?????????�???? ?????�?????????? ?????�?????????� ???????????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???? ???????�???�?�?�?�?? ?????????????????? ?? ?�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ( ??????. 3.35 ).

?�?????�???� ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????
?????�?�???�?� ???� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???????????� ?�?�???�????????. ?�?�?? ???�?????? ?? ?????????�???? ?????�???�???� ?? ???????�?????? ?????�?????�?� ???� ???????�???? ?�?�?????�, ?� ?�?�?�?�?? ???????�?�?????�?� ???� ???�???�?????�????, ???????�?�?????? ?�???�?????????? ???�?????????????�?�?�????.
?????�?�???�?� ?????�?�?�?�?�?? ?????� ?????�?�?�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?� ?????????�?�?????? ?? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????, ?????�?�?????�?? ?????�???????�???????�??, ?�?�???�?� ???� ?????????�?????�?? ???????�???�???????�??.
???????????�?� ?????�?????? ???????�?????�?� ?????????????????????? ?? ???????�?�?????�?� ???????????????????? ???� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�???�??. ???????????????�?�, ?? ???�???????? ?�???�?????????? ???�?????????�???? ??????????????????, ?� ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?�?�??, ???� ?????�???????? ???? ?�?�?� ???�???�?�?�?�?? (???� ?????�?????? ???�?? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????); ?????�???�???�?� ???� ???�???�?�?????? ???????? ???� ?????????�.
?? ?????????�???? ?????�?�???�?�?????�?� ?�?????�?????�?� ???�???�???????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?? ???�???�???????�?� ?? ???????????�?� ?????� ???�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�???????? ???�???�?�???? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????.
?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????? ?�?�???????�???�??, ?�?? ?�???? ???�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?? ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�?????????? ???�?? ?????????�?????? ?????�???????? ???�?????�?? ???�???� ???�?? ?? ?????????�?�?? ???�???�???�. ?????�?�?? ???? ?????�?� ???�???�?�?????�?� ?�???�?? ?? ?????????�?�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?? ?�?????�???? ???�???�?????�?� ???�???�?�???? ?? ???�???�?????�????. ?????????�???�???�?� ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�?� ???�?????�?? ?�?�???�???? ???????� ???? ?�?�?� ??????, ???????� ???????� ???� ???�?�???�?� ?�?????�????, ?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????????????�?� ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�?�???�?� ???�???�?�???�?�?????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�????, ?�?�?? ?????�?????�???�?????� ???� ???� ???????????�????. ?�???�?? ?�???�?? ?????�?????�???????�??, ?????????????�?� ???�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????�???? ?�?�???? ?? ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�?� ???�?? ???????????�?????? ???????�?�?????� ??????????.
?�???�?? ?�?�???? ?�?�???????�???�?? ???�?�???�?�???�?�?�??????, ???????�?�?�???�???? ?????????�?�?? ?�???? ?�?�???�?????? ?�?�?�?????? ?? ?�?�???�???? ?????????? ?? ???????�???? ?????�?????�??????. Take the time and do the job well. ???�?�?�???????????? ???� ???????????�?� ?????????�?????? ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????�?????�???�?� ???�???�?????�?� ???�???�?�?� ?? ???�???�?????�????, ???????????????�?� ?�?�???? ?? ?????�?�???�?� ???�???�?�???�?�?????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�????.
?�?�?�???�?????�?� ???�???�?????�???? ?? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???�?�?????�?� ???????�?????�???�?? ???�?�?�????????, ?�?�?? ???�?�?????�?�???� ?????�?????�?????????�?? ???????�?�?�?????? ???????�???�?� ?�?�?�???�???? ?????? ???�???????�. ?�?????�???� ???�?�?�???????? ?????�?????�???� ???�?????�???�?? ???�?�???�?????�?� ???�???�?????�???? ???� ???????�??, ???�?�?????? ???????????�???? ?? ?????�?�?�?????? ???�?????�?�?????�, ?????????�?�?????????�?? ???�?�???�??. ?????? ?????�?????�???????�?? ?????????????�?� ???�???�?????�???? ???�?????�?? ???�?�?�?????? ?????�?????�?� ???�?? ?????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�?????�?�?� ???????�?� ?�?????�???? ???�?�?�????????. ???�?�?�?�?�?????? ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�???�?? ?�???�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�???�?? ???????�?????�?� ??????????????????????.
?????????� ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?????? ???????�?????�?� ?????????????????????? ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ???� ????????.
?????�?�?????????�?� ?? ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ???????�?� ?�?�???�????????, ?????�?????�?????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�?�?? ???� ???�?????????�?�?????�???�?�???????�?? ???�?????�?�????????. ???�?�?????�?�???? ?? ?????�?????�?????????�?? ???????�?????? ?�?�???�?????�?? ?? ???�?????�???�?????? ???�???�??????????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ?? ???????�?????????? ???�???�?�?� ?????�?????�???� ?�?�?�??. ?�?�?? ???????�?????? ?�?�???�?????�?? ???????�?????�???�???? ?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ???????�???????�???�. ?�?�?? ?????�???�?�???? ?????�???? ?? ?�?�?????? ?�?� ???????????�?? ???�?�?�???�???� ???�?????�?????�?? ?? ?????????�???? ?????�???�???� ?? ???????�??????, ?????�???�?�?? ?????�???????? ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ???�???�?????�???? ?�?�???�????????.
?�???�?? ???�???????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?????�?? ???????�???� ???� ?�?????�?� ???????????????�??????, ???�?????????�?� ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ???�?�???�?????????�?? ?�?�?�?�????, ?�?�?? ?????�?????�???�?????� ?�???? ???� ?�?�???????�???�??????.

?????????�?????� ?�?�?�?????�?�?????????? ???????�?????????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????
???�?�?�?�?�?????? ???�?????�???�?� ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ?? ?�?�?� ???�?� ???�?�?????�?�???? ?? ?�????, ?�?�?? ?�?????�?????? ???� ???�???�?????� ???????????�?� ?�???�???????????? ?????�???????�???? ?????�?�?�???�.
?�???�???�?�?????? ?????????�?????�?� ???�?????�???�?????� ???� ?�?�?????� ?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�?????? ???????????�????. Repair stripped threads in the holes. ?�?�???????�???????�?�???? ?????????�?????�?? ???�?????�?�???�???????�?? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�?????????�, ???�???????�?�???�???�???� ???????�???�?�???�???????�???? ???�?????????????�?????�??. ?????? ???�???�?????�?�?????? ???�?�?�???�???? ???�???�???????�?????????�?� ?�?�???? ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�????.
?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ?�?�???�?????? ?? ?�?�?????????? ???� ???????�???�???????� ???????�???�???????�???� ?�???�????????????.

???µ???‚?° ???·???µ???µ?????? ???????‚???µ?????µ???? ?????°???µ?‚???° ?†???»?????????°
Fig. 3.36. ???�???�?� ???�???�???�?????? ???????�???�?????�???? ?????�???�?�???� ?�???�?????????�: ???�?????????�?????�???�?????? ?????? ?�?????�???????? (X ?? Y), ?? ?�?�???�???� ?? ?????�???�?? ?�?�???�??


???�???�?????�?� ???????�???�???????? ?????�???�?�?? ?�???�?????????� ?? ???�???�???�?? (?????????? ?????? ?�?????�????????), ?????�?????�?? ?? ?????�???�?? ?�?�???�?? ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ( ??????. 3.36 ). ?�?�?�?�?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�???�?????? ???� ?�?�?� ?�?� ?????????????�, ???? ?? ???�?????�???�?�??????, ???�?????�???????????�?????????? ?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�. ?????�???????�?� ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ???�???�???�?????? ???? ?�???�?�?�?????????? ?? ?�?�?�?????�?�???????� ???�?????�?�. ?�???�?? ???� ???????�???�???????�???� ?�???�???????????? ?�???�?? ?????�?????�?� ?�?�???????� ?? ?�?�???�???????� ???�?? ?????�?�?????????�?? ?? ?????????????????�?? ?�???�???????????? ?????�???�???�?�?� ?????�?�???????�?�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?????�?� ?�???�?�?�??????, ?????�???�?� ?�?�???? ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�?????????? ???�?? ???�???�???�???? ?? ?�???????????????�??????. After repairs needed pistons and rings of the repair sizes.
?�???�?? ???????�?????????� ?�???�???????????? ???????�???�?�?????�, ???�?????? ?�???�?????????� ?? ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ?? ???????????�?? ???� ?????�???�???�???� ?????�?�???????�?�?????�?� ????????, ?�?? ???�???�???�???? ???� ?�???�?�???�?�????. ?�?????????�???�???????? ???�???�?�???????????? ?????�???�?�???�?? ?????�?�?�?�???? ?�???????????????�?????�.
???�???�?? ?�???????????????�?????�?? ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?????? ???????�?????�?� ?????????????????????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� (?�?�?� ??????????????????????) ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�????.

???????µ???…???????‚?? ?†???»?????????° ???????»?µ ?…???????????????°?????? ?????»?¶???° ?±?‹?‚?? ?????????‹?‚?° ???µ?‚?????? ???· ?‚?????????… ?»????????, ???µ???µ???µ???°???‰???…???? ?????? ?????»???? ???????»?? 60?°
Fig. 3.37. ???????�???�???????�?? ?�???�?????????� ???????�?� ?�???????????????�?????? ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?????????�?�?� ???�?�?????? ???� ?�?????????� ?�????????, ???�???�???�???�???�???�???? ?????? ?????�???? ???????�?? 60?�


?�?�?? ?�???????????????�?????? ?�???�?�???�?�???? ?????�?�???�?�???????� ?????????????????�?�?�?????� ?? ???�?�?????????????�???????�???? ???�???�?????�?�?????�???? ?????�???????�????, ?�???�???????� ?????�???�?�???�???? ???�???�?�, ???�?�?????? ?? ???�?�???�?????????�?�??. Hold the device in an electric drill, fix grinding heads and enter the device in the first cylinder. Well lubricate the cylinder oil, electric switch and moves it up and down in the cylinder. ???� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�?�?????? ?�???�?????????� ?????�?�???� ???�???�?�?????�?�?????? ???�?�?? ?�?????????� ?�????????, ???�???�???�???�???�???�???? ?????? ?????�???? ???????�?? 60?� ( ??????. 3.37 ).
?�???� ?????�???? ???�???�?????? ?????�?�?�???�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?�???�?????????�. ?????? ?????�?�?�?????? ???� ???�???�?�???�???�?� ?????????????????�?�?�?????�. ???????�?� ???�???�???�?�?????? ?????�?�?? ???????????�?�?�???�?� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?? ?�???? ?????�???� ?? ???????� ???? ?????�?????? ?????�?�??????????, ?�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????�?� ?????�???? ?????????????????�?�?�?????? ???? ???�???�?????�?�?????�???? ?????�???????�???? ?? ???�?????�?� ???� ?�???�?????????�. ?????�?�???�?� ?? ???????�???�???????�?? ?�???�?????????� ???�???�?? ?? ???????�???????�?� ?????�???�?�???? ???� ?????�?�?�?????�?� ?�???�?????????�?�. ?�???�?? ?????????????????�?�?�?????� ???�?????�???�?????�?�, ???�?? ?????�???�?�???? ?????�???? ???�?????�?????�?? ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�?????????? ?�?� ???????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�??. ?????????�?�?�?????????�?�?�?????�?� ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ?????�???�?�???�???? ?????? ?????????�???�?????�?????? ???�???�?�?�?????????? ???� ???�?�???�?????????�?�?? ???�?�???�?�???????? ?????????� ???�?? ???�?�?� ?????? ???�?????�???�?????? ?????�???�?�???? ???????�?????? ???�?�???�?�?????? ?�?????�??????.
???????�?� ???�?????�???�?????? ?�???????????????�?????? ???????????�?� ?�?�?????? ?? ???�???�?????� ???????????? ?�???�?????????� ???�?�???�???????? ???�???�???�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ?????�?????�?????�?�???�?? ?�?�?�???�?????� ?????�?�?� ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ????????????.
?�?�???? ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ???�???�?�?????????? ???????�???????? ?????????�?�?? ?�?�???�???? ?????????? ?? ???????�???? ?????�?????�??????, ?�?�???�?� ?????�?�???�?? ?????�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?�???????????? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�, ?????�?�???????�???? ???????�?� ?�???????????????�??????. Clean all channels and rinse under running water. After washing, dry the cylinder block and lubricate the spindle oil all machined surfaces. Prior to the assembly of the unit is stored under the plastic cover.

?????????�?????� ?�?�?�?????�?�?????????? ???????�?????????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?�
???????�?� ???????�???? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?? ?????????�?�?�?�??, ?�?????�???? ?? ?????????? ?????????�?????�?� ?????????� ???�?�?� ???� ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???�???????�, ???�?�???�???� ???�???�?�???�???? ???�?? ???????�???�?�?� ???�?�?�?�?�?�. ?????? ???�?�???�???? ?????????�?�???�?????? ???????? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????????????????????? ???� ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�?????� ?�???�?�, ???�???????�????, ?????????�?�???�???�. ?�???�?? ?????????�?�???�?????? ???�?????�?�???�?�, ?�?? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?�, ?????�?????� ???�?�?� ?? ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???????�?�?�?�?� ?�?�???�???�.

Measuring the height of the cams of the camshaft
Fig. 3.38. Measuring the height of the cams of the camshaft


???�???�?????�?� ?????????????�?�?????? ???�?????�?? ?????�?�?�?????? ?? ?????�???????�?� ?? ?????????�?�???????�?? ?�???�?�?�?????�??, ?�?�???�?� ???????�???�?�???�?? ???� ???�?????? ( ??????. 3.38 ).
?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???� ?????�?�?�???�?� ???�?????�???????�?????? ???�?�?�?�?�?�, ?�?�???�??????, ???�?�??????, ???�???�?�???�???? ?? ???�???�?????????�?????????? ???�???????�. ?�???�?? ?????�?�?�???? ?? ?�?????????�?? ???????�?????????? ?? ?????�???�?�???� ?????�?�?�?????? ???� ?????�???�???�???� ?????�?�???????�?�???????? ?????????�, ?�?? ???????????�?????� ???�?�?????�?????�?? ?�???? ?????????�???�?�?�?�????.

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Fig. 3.39. ???�???�?� ???�???�???�?????? ?????�???�?�???� ???�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?�


???�???�?????�?� ?????????????�?�?????? ?????�???�?�?? ?????�???????� ???�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ???????�???�?�???�?? ???� ???�?????? ?? ?????�?�?????????�??. ?�???�?? ?????�?�?????????�?? ?????�???�???�?�?� 0,5 ????, ?�?? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?� ???�???? ?�?�???�?????�??. ?� ???????� ?????�???�?�???�?�?????? ???????�???????????�???�???�?� ???�?????�???�?�???????� ???�???�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?? ???�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ?? ???????�???�???????? ?????�???�?�?? ???�???�?????�?? ?????�??????, ?????�???????�?� ?? ?????????�?�???????�?? ?�???�?�?�?????�??, ?�?�???�?� ???????�???�?�???�?? ???�?�???�???? ???�???????� ( ??????. 3.39 ).

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Fig. 3.40. ?????????�?????� ?�???�?????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?? ?????????�???? ???�???�?�???�???????? ???????????�?�?????�


???�???�?�???�???�?? ???????????�?�???????? ?????????�?????�?� ?�???�?????� ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?�, ?????�?????�?????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?� ???� ???????�???� ( ??????. 3.40 ).

???·???µ???µ?????µ ?????µ???????? ?»???„?‚?° ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° ?? ?????????‰???? ???‚???µ?»???‡???????? ???????????°?‚?????°
Fig. 3.41. ???�???�???�?????� ?????�???????? ?�???�?�?� ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?? ?????????�???? ???�???�?�???�???????? ???????????�?�?????�


?????�?�?????????�?� ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?� ???� ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ???�???�?�???�???�?? ???????????�?�???????? ???�???�?????�?� ?????�?????? ?�???�?�, ?????�???�???? ???�?� ???? ?????????� ???�?�?�??, ?� ?�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�??, ???�?? ???????�?�?�???? ???� ??????. 3.41 .
?�?�?�???? ???�?? ?????�?�???? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?????????�?????�?�???? ???� ???�?�???� ?????????�?�?�?�?�???????? ???�????????, ???????�?� ?????�?�?????????? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?�?�?�???�???? ?�???�?�????. ?????????????�?�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?????????????????????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?� ???�?�?????? ???�???�?�. ???� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�?�?? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ???�???�???�?� ???�???�?�???? ???�?�???�???????�?????????? ???�?�???�???�?????????????? ???�?�???�????, ???�???????�???�???? ???� ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ??????, ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�?????? ?????????????????????? ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�????. ???�???�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?? ?????�?�???? ???? ???�?�???�?????� ???�?�???????????????�?????? ???�?�???�???????�?????????? ???�?�???�???�?????????????? ???�?�???�????, ?????�???�???????? ?????�?�????, ???�???�???�???????? ???� ?�???? ?????�?????????�. ?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ?????�???�???�?�?� ?????�?�???????�?�???????� ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�???????� ?�???�?�?�?????�, ?�?? ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????�?????� ?????????????????????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ???????�?�?�?�?� ?�?�???�???�.

?????????�?????� ?�?�?�?????�?�?????????? ???????�?????????? ???????????�?? ?? ???�?�????????
???�???�?? ?????????�???????? ???�?�?????�?� ???�?????�???�?? ???�?�?????� ?? ???????????? ?? ???????�?? ?? ???????????? ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?�.

A WARNING
???�?�???�?� ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?� ?????? ???�?�?�???????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????� ???????�?�?�?�?� ?�?�???�???�.


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Fig. 3.42. ?????????�???�?????�?????� ?????�?�???�?�?????????? ?????????????????�?�?�?????? ???�?? ???????�???? ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�


?????�???????�???? ???????????�?� ?????�???�?� ?? ????????????, ?????�???�???????? ?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?????????????????�?�?�?????�?? ( ??????. 3.42 ). ?????? ???????�???? ?????�?�?� ???� ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???????????�??. ?�???�?? ?????�?�???�?�???????� ?????????????????�?�?�?????� ???�?????�???�?????�?�, ?�?? ?????�???�?� ?????�???? ???????�?? ?? ?????????�???? ???�?�???�?� ?�???????? ???�?? ???�?????� ???�?�?�?�?�???�?�???????� ?????�????????. ?????�???????�???? ???�?�???????????�?� ?????�???�??, ?????�?????�?� ???�?�???? ?????�???�???? ?? ???????????�?? ???�?�???�???????? ?? ???????????�?� ?????�???�??, ?????????�?? ?�???? ???? ???�?�???�???????�??.
???????�???????�?� ?????�???�?�???? ?? ?????�?�?�?????�???? ?????�???�?�????, ???� ?????????????�??, ?�?�???�?� ?????�???�?� ?????�???�?? ???????�?�?? ?? ???�???????�???�?�???????? ???�???� ???�???�??????. ???�?? ???�?? ?????�???�?� ???????�?�?�?�?� ???�???�?�?�?�?�???????? ?�?�???�???�, ?�?? ???� ???� ???�???�?�???????? ?????�???????? ???� ???�?�?????�?� ???�???�?�?�?�?? ?????????�??????, ?�?�?�?? ?????�?�, ?????????�???�?�?�?????�?? ?????? ???????�???? ?????�?�?�, ???�?�???? ???????????????�???? ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ???????�?� ?????�?�?� ???� ?????????�????.
???????????�?� ???�???�?? ?? ???????�?� ????????????. ???????�?� ?????�?�?�?????? ???�???�???�???? ???????�?????? ???�???? ???�???�???� ???????�?????�???�?� ???????�?� ???????????? ?�?�?�?????? ???�?? ???�?�???�?�?????? ?�?????�?????? ???� ???�?�?�???�?�?�???? ???????????�.
???? ?? ?????�?? ???�???�?�?� ???� ???�???�?�???�?� ?????�?�?�???? ???�???�???� ???????????�???�?????? ?�?�?�??????, ???�???�?�?�???????? ???� ???�?�???�?????????�?�??, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�?? ?????�?�?� ?????????�???�?? ?? ???????�???? ?????????????? ?????�?�???�, ???� ?????�?????????? ???�?�???�?� ????????????.
?? ?????????�???? ?????�?�???�?�?????????? ?????????????????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�???�?� ???�???�?? ???� ???�???�?????? ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�. If such a device is not available, you can use the old broken piston ring. Remove only the deposits, while respecting careful not to remove the piston material. Try not to damage the sealing surfaces of the groove rings. ?????�?�???�???�???�?�???? ???????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???????????? ???�?????�?????????? ?????�???�?� ?????�???�?�.
???????�?� ?????�?�?�?????? ???�???�???� ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�?????? ?????�?�?� ???�???�?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????????????�?�. Ensure clean oil drainage grooves in the place of installation oil ring.
?�???�?? ???�?�???� ?�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�???????� ???�?????�???�???????� ?? ???�???�???�???� ?�???�???????????? ???� ?�???�?�???�?�????, ?�?? ???????????? ???�?????�?? ???� ???�?�?????�?�. ?????????�?�?????�?? ???�?????? ???????????�???�?�???? ?? ???????� ???�?�?????? ???�?????????�???????? ???�???�?????�?�???????? ???�???�?�???�???? ???� ???????�???�???????�?? ?�???�?????? ???????????? ?? ?? ???????� ???�?�???�?????????? ?????�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????�?????? ???�???�???�???? ???????????�?????????????????? ?????�???�?�.
???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ?�???�?�???? ???� ???�???� ????????????, ?�???�?�?????�?� ???????????�???????? ???�?�???�?� ?? ???????�?????�???�?� ???�???�?�?????�?� ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�.
?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???????�???? ?? ?�?�?????????? ???� ???�?�???�???� ?�???�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???? ????????????, ???�?�?????? ?????????�???� ?? ?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?�?�???�?? ???????�?� ????????????, ???�???????�?????? ?�???? ???�???�?�. ?�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�???� ???????�?� ?? ?�?�???????�, ?�?? ???�?? ?????�?�?�???�?�?� ???� ?�?�???�?�?? ???�???�?????�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??, ?????????? ???� ???????�???? ?????�?????????? ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ???�???????�?????� ?????????�?�?????????? ???????�?�?????� ?????????�?????? ?�?????�???????????�???????????? ?????�????. In this case a careful check of the lubrication and cooling systems. ?????????????�?????� ?? ???????�?� ???????????? ?????????�?�?�?�?????�?????�?� ?? ???�?�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?????�?????�???????? ?????�?�???????????? ?????�?� ?????�???�?�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????. ???????�???????? ???�???????�?????? ???????�?� ????????????, ???�?? ?????�?????�??, ?????�???�?�???? ?�???????�?�???????� ?????????�?????� (???�?�?????�?�????). ?�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�???� ?????�?�?�?????�?� ???�???????�, ?�???�?�???�?�???? ???????�???�?�???�?? ?? ?????�???�?????�?? ???� ???????�??????, ?? ???????�?????????? ???�???�?�?� ?????�?????�???� ???�?????�?�???�?� ?????�????????.
???????????�???? ???????????? ?? ???????� ???�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?????�?????�?� ?? ???????????????????�?????? ?? ???�???�???? ?????????�?????? (?� ?�?�???�?� ?? ???�???�?�??) ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??. ?�???�???? ???????�?? ?�???�?�???�?�???? ???�???�?? ?? ?????�???�?????�?? ???????�??????, ?? ???????�?????????? ???�???�?�?� ?????�?????�???� ???�???�?�?� ???�???�???????�?????????�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??.

???·???µ???µ?????µ ?·?°?·?????° ???????????µ???‹?… ?????»?µ?† ???? ???‹?????‚?µ ?? ???°???°?????°?… ????????????
Fig. 3.43. ???�???�???�?????� ?�?�?�?????� ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?� ???? ???�?????�?� ?? ???�???�?????�?� ????????????


???�???�?????�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???�???�?�???????? ???�???�?????? ?????�???�?� ?? ???????????�???�?? ?????�???�????, ???�?? ?�?�???? ?????�?�?????�?� ?? ???�???�?????? ?????????� ?????�???�?? ?? ?????????????�???�?� ?�???? ???�?�???? ???�???�???????? ?? ?????�???�???? ( ??????. 3.43 ). Check the gap in three or four locations along the length of the entire groove. ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�???????� ?????�???�?? ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???? ???�???�?????�, ?? ?????�???????? ?�?????�?� ?????�?�???�???�?????�?�??????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�?�???�???� ???�?�???�?� ???�???�?????? ???�?�?�???�?�???�????. ?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ?????�???�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�?�???????�?�?????�??, ?�?? ?????????�???? ???�?�?????�?� ?�?�???�?????�??.
?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???????????�?? ?? ?�???�????????????, ???�???�?????? ???????�???�?�???�???????�???� ?????�???�?�???�. Make sure that the measurements are performed on a pair of mating parts. ???�???�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?? ???????????? ???? ???�???�. ?�?�?�???? ???????�???�?�???�?�???? ???�?�???????�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ?�???�?????????� ?? ???�???? ????????????. ?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ?????�???�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?????�??, ?�?? ?�?�???? ?�???�???????????? ???????�?�?�???� ???�???�???�???�, ?� ???????????? ?? ?????�???�?� ???�???? ?�?�???�?????�?? ???�???????�???�????. ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???????????�?? ?? ?�???�???????????? ?�?�???�?� ?????�???? ???�???�?????�??, ???? ?? ???�???????�?? ?�???�???????�????, ?? ?????????�???? ?�?????�, ???????�?�?�?????????? ???�?�???? ???????????�??, ?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?? ?�???�????????, ?? ?�???�????????????.

???????°?‡?????°?????µ ???????????? ?? ???°?‚?????° ?? ???????‚???????????»???¶???‹?… ???°?????°???»?µ???????… ???»?? ?????????µ?????? ?·?°?·?????° ???µ?¶???? ???????????µ???‹?? ???°?»???†?µ?? ?? ?????»?????????? ???°?‚?????°
Fig. 3.44. ???????�?�?????�?????� ???????????? ?? ???�?�?????� ?? ???????�???????????�???�???�?� ???�?????�???�?�???????� ???�?? ?????????�?????? ?�?�?�?????� ???�?�???? ???????????�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?? ?????�?????????? ???�?�?????�


?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???????????�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?? ?????�?????????? ???�?�?????�, ???�?? ?�?�???? ???�???? ???????�?�?�?�?? ?????????�???? ?? ???�?�???? ?? ???????�???????????�???�???�?� ???�?????�???�?�???????� ( ??????. 3.44 ). Tangible play point to increased clearance and the need to repair the connection. ?????????�???? ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�???????? ???�???? ?????�?�?? ?? ???�???????� ???�?? ?�?�???�???� ???????????�???�?� ???�?�???�?�??, ?� ?�?�???�?� ???�?? ???�???�???�???? ?????? ???�???????�???�?� ???�?�???�???� ?????�???????? ???�?�?????� ?? ???�???�?????�???? ?? ???????????�.
?�???�?? ???�???�?�?????????? ???????�?? ???????????? ?? ???�?�???????? ???�?? ?�?�???�???� ???????????�?? ???�?? ?????�???�???�?????? ?�???�?�?� ???????????�???????? ???�?�???�?�, ?�?? ???�???? ?????�?�?? ???� ?? ?�???�?????�???�?�??????????. ?�?�???????? ???�???�?�?????????? ?????????�?????�?? ???�?????� ?? ?????????�?????�?????� ???�?�????????, ???�?? ?�?�???? ?? ???�???�?�?????????� ?�???�?? ???�???�?�???????????� ???�?????????????�?????�. ?�???�?? ?????�???�?�???�?�???? ?????�?�?????????� ???????�?� ???????????�?? ???�?? ???�?�????????, ?�?? ???�?????�?????????�?? ???????????? ???� ???�?�???????? ???� ???�?�?????�?�.
?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???� ???�?�?????�?� ?�???�?�???? ?? ???????????� ?????????�?�???�??????. ???????????�?� ???� ???�???????? ???�?�???� ?????�?????? ???�?�???????�?� ??????????????????????, ???�???�?�?????�?� ????????????????????, ???????�?????�?� ???????�?????�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?????????????????????? ???� ?????�?????� ???�?�?????� ?? ???� ???�?�?????� ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???� ?�???�?�????, ?�?�???�?????? ?? ?�?�??????????. After checking the reassemble rod, setting in place the bearings and tighten the nuts by hand.

?????????�?????� ?�?�?�?????�?�?????????? ???????�?????????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�
?????????????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ???�???�?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????????????�?�. Be sure to clean the oil passages with a stiff brush and rinse with a strong jet of solvent. Remove the remaining solvent by blowing compressed air channels. ?�?�???�?????????�?�?�??, ?????�?�???????????? ?? ???�???�?????�?� ???�???�?�?�?�, ?�?????�?� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?? ???�???�?? ?????? ???�?????�?� ?????????�?� ?????????�?�?�?�??, ?�?�?? ?????�?�?� ???�?�???�?�?? ???�?????�?�???�?� ?????????�?�???�??????. Check the uniformity of deterioration radical and crankpins, presence on them scoring, cracks or local erosion. Check out all the crankshaft for cracks and damage.

???·???µ???µ?????µ ?????°???µ?‚???° ???µ?µ?? (???????µ?????‹?… ?? ???°?‚???????‹?…) ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?? ???????… ?‚???‡???°?… (1 ?? 2) ?? ?? ???????… ?????°???µ?‚???°?»?????? ???????‚???????????»???¶???‹?… ?????»???¶?µ???????… (?? ?? ?’)
Fig. 3.45. ???�???�???�?????� ?????�???�?�???� ???�?�?? (???????�?????�?� ?? ???�?�???????�?�) ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ?? ???????� ?�???�???�?� (1 ?? 2) ?? ?? ???????� ?????�???�?�???�?�?????? ???????�???????????�???�???�?� ?????�???�?�???????� (?? ?? ?�)


?????????????�?�?????? ???�???�?????�?� ?????�???�?�???� ???????�?????�?� ?? ???�?�???????�?� ???�?�??, ?????�???????�?� ???�?�???�???�?�?� ???? ?�???�?�?�??????????, ?????????�???�?????�???? ?? ?�?�?�?????�?�???????� ???�?????�?�. Check roundness of indigenous and crankpins shaft, measuring the diameter at several points around the circumference. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????????????�?? ???�?�??, ???�?? ?�?�???? ???�???�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?? ???�?????? ?? ???�???�?�?� ???????�?? ???????�?????????�?????? ( ??????. 3.45 ); ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ?????�???????�?� ???? ?�???�?�?�??????????, ?????????�???�?????�???? ?? ?�?�?�?????�?�???????� ???�?????�?�. If the micrometer is absent, the measurement can be carried out in the workshop at a reasonable cost.
If it is damaged, or if the roundness, taper, and deterioration of necks exceed the established limit values, the shaft should be returned to the rounding in a specialized workshop. After repair of the shaft must be replaced by indigenous and connecting rod bearings repair.

Check main and connecting rod bearings
Despite the fact that the main and connecting rod bearings at engine major repairs must be replaced, the old bearings should be kept at their settings for scrutiny because of wear tracks on these details, you can evaluate the technical condition of the engine.
The reasons for the destruction of the crankshaft bearings are poor lubrication, the presence of dirt and foreign particles, motor overload and corrosion. Whatever the reason, caused destruction of bearings, it should be removed before final assembly of the motor, to avoid repeated damage these parts.
When checking the bearings should be removed from their seats (of the cylinder block, the crankshaft bearing caps of the crankshaft, connecting rods and connecting rod caps) and decomposed on the surface of the net in the same order in which they were installed on the engine. This will set the proper support of the crankshaft, wherein the bearing is subjected to increased wear.
Dirt and debris fall into the engine for various reasons: in the process of assembly, through filters or crankcase ventilation system with the oil. Often dirt include metal shavings formed after machining the motor or due to wear during normal operation of the engine. Sometimes at pollution there remains of abrasive materials after the lapping and grinding work, especially after carelessly spent washing and cleaning. Regardless of the cause of origin of foreign contamination is usually introduced into a soft alloy of the bearing and are easily distinguishable. Larger particles can not penetrate into the bearing and cause scratches and burrs on the surfaces of both the bearing and the crankshaft journals. The best way to eliminate the causes of this deterioration is careful washing of parts and maintaining impeccable cleanliness during engine assembly. To prevent premature wear is also recommended more frequent oil changes and filters.
Insufficient lubrication of the engine can be caused by a number of interrelated reasons. These include excessive engine overheating (causing oil dilution), overload (cause squeezing oil from the surface of bearings) and pressure drop due to leakage (emission) of oil (due to increased clearance in the bearings, wear of the oil pump, high engine speed ). The reason for the accelerated wear of crankshaft bearings also becomes blocking of oil channels, usually due to misalignment lubrication holes in the bearing and the details of his body, which causes insufficient lubrication and failure. If the cause of failure is a lack of lubrication, there is a wipe or extrusion coating material bearing with a steel base. The temperature is increased so that the overheating of the bearing steel base is painted blue, there is a possibility of deformation of bearing caps and bolts of covers of rods.
?�???�???????�?�???????�?? ?????????????????????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ???? ???????????? ?�?�?????????� ?? ???� ???�???�?????? ?????�???�?????? ?? ???�?�?????� ???????�?�??????. ???????????????????? ???????�?�?�???�???� ???????�???�?????�?� ???�???????�???? ?????? ???????�?�?????? ?? ?????�???????�???? ???�?????�?�???? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�??????????, ?????? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?????�?� ???� ???�?�?�?� ?????????????�???� ?? ???????�?????????????�. ?????? ???????�???�?????�?� ???�???????�???�?� ???????????�???????� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ???�???�???????? ???�?�??????, ???????????????????? ???????�?�?�???�???� ???�?�???????�?�???? ???� ???�?????�, ?????? ?????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????�???? ???????????�???�?�?????� (?????�?�?�?????�???�?? ???�??????). ???�?? ?????�?????�??, ?????????�?�???� ???????????????????� ???�???�???�?�?�???? ???� ???�?�?�???????? ???????????� ?? ???????� ???�?�?????� ?�?�???�???�. ?????�?�?????? ???� ???�?�???�???????� ???�?????�?????????? ?????????� ???�?�?�?? ???????�???????? ???????????�?????????????? ???�???????� ??????????????????????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�-?�?� ???�???????�?�?�???�???????? ???????????�???� ?????�???�?????�???�???? ?????????�?????�?�?� ?? ???�?�?�, ???�?�?�???�???�???� ???????????�????. These components are accumulated in the oil, causing the formation of acid and insoluble precipitates. ???�?????� ???�???�??, ???????�?????�?? ?? ???????????????????�??, ???�?�?�???�?�?� ???� ???????????�???? ?????? ?????�???�?????�?????�?? ???????�???�, ?? ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ?�?�???? ?????? ???�?�???????�???�???? ?? ???�?�???????� ???� ???�??????.
?�?�?�???? ???� ???�?????? ?????????????????????? ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�?????�?�?? ?�?�???�?� ???�?????�?????�???????? ?????�?�???????????? ?? ???????�?�?????� ???�???????? ?????????�?�?�?�??. ???�?????????? ???�???�???�?? ???????�?????� ???�?�?????????�???? ???????�???????? ???�???????�?�?�???�???????? ?�?�?�?????� ???�?? ?????�?�???? ?? ???�???�?????? ???????????????????�?????? ?????�?�????. ?�?????�?? ?? ???????�?????????????� ?�?�???�???�?�, ???????�???????� ?????? ???�???�?�?????? ???�?????????? ???????????????????�, ???�?�?�???�???� ???�???�?????????�???????� ?�???? ???????�?�???�?????� ?? ?????�?�???�?????�???�?????�?? ???�?�???? ???� ???�??????.

?????�?�?????????� ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�
???�???�?? ?????�?�???????????? ???????�?� ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?� ???�???? ?????????�?????�?? ?�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?�. ?????�???????�?�???�?�?�????, ?�?�?? ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ?????�???�???? ?? ???�???�?�???????? ???????�?????�?????? ???�???�?????? ???�?� ?????????�???�?? ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???�?�?????�????????.
?�?�?�?�???�???�?� ???????????? ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�?????�???? ?? ???????�?� ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?� ?? ?�?�?????? ?????????????�, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�???? ?????�?�?� ???????�???�?�???�???????�?� ???�?????????? ?�???�??????????, ???� ?????�???????? ?�?????�?� ???�???�?????�?????? ?�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????�.

Measure the end gap of the piston ring
Fig. 3.46. ???�???�???�?????� ?�?�?�?????� ?? ?�?�?????� ???????????�???????? ?????�???�?�


?�???�?�?????�?� ?? ???�?????�?? ?�???�???????? ???�???�???�?� ?????�???�?? ?? ???????�???�???????�?� ???????�???? ???????�?�?? ???????????? ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ?????�???�?? ???????�???? ?�???�?????????� ???�?�?�?? ???�?????�???????????�???????? ?�???? ??????. ?????�???�?? ?????�?�???? ???�?�???????�?????? ?? ?????�???�?? ?�?�???�?? ?�???�?????????� ?? ?????�???�?�??????, ???????�???�?�???�???????�?�?? ?????�???�?? ???�???�?????? ?�???�???�. ?�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????� ???????????�???????? ?????�???�?� ???�???�?????�?�???? ?�???????? ( ??????. 3.46 ). ?????�???????�?� ???�?�???�???�?�?� ?? ?�???�?�???�???�?? ?�???�?�?�?????�??.
?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ?�???�?????� ???�?? ???�???????� ?????�?�???????�?�??????????, ???????�???????�?� ???�???�???�?????�, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?????�?????? ?? ?????�?????�???????�?? ?????�?�?????????? ?????�???�?�.
?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ???�?????????? ???�?�, ?�?? ?�???? ???�???? ?????�?�???�???�??, ?�?�?? ???�?? ?? ???????�?????????? ???�???�?�?� ?? ???????�?�?????� ???�?�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?�?????�?� ?????�???�?� ?????�???????????�????, ?�?�?? ?????�?�?� ???�?�???�?�?? ???�?????�?�???�?� ?????�????????. ?�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????� ???????????�???????? ?????�???�?� ?????�???? ?????�?�???�???�??, ?????�???????�???? ???????????�???? ?�?????�?� ?�?????????? ???�???�???�?�??. Hold needle file in a vice with soft sponges, and gently move a ring on it, removing excess material.
The clearance may exceed the established, but must be no more than 1 mm.
Should repeat the measurement to verify the suitability of the ring.
???????�???????�?� ???�???�???�?????? ???�?? ???�?�???????? ?????�???�?�, ?????�?�???�???�?????�?�???????? ?? ???�?????�?? ?�???�????????, ?� ?�?�???�?� ???�?? ?????�?�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?�, ?????�?�???�???�?????�?�???�?� ?? ???????????� ?�???�?????????�.
???????�?� ???�???�???�?????? ?�?�?�???????? ?? ?�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?� ?? ???� ?????????�???�???????????? ?????�???�?� ?????�???? ?????�?�???�???�?????�?�?? ???� ????????????.
The first set oil ring (the lowest on the piston).

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Fig. 3.47. ?�?�???????�???�?�?????� ???�?�???�???�???? ???�???�???????�?????????? ?????�???�?� ?? ?�?�????????: 1 ??� ???�???�???????�???????� ?????�???�??; 2 ??� ???�???�???????�???????� ?????�???�?? (???�???????????�?�?�??); 3 ??� ?????�?????? ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 4 ??� ???�???????????�?�?�??; 5 ??� ???�???�?????? ???�?????�???�?????�?�??; 6 ??� ???????????�?????? ???�?�?�?�


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Fig. 3.48. ?????�?�?????????� ???�?�???�???�???? ???�???�???????�?????????? ?????�???�?�


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???????�?� ?????�?�?????????? ?????�?� ???�?�???�???�???? ???�???�???????�?????????? ?????�???�?� ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�???�?????? ?? ?????�?????? ???�?????�???�?????�???� ???????�???????? ?????????????�?�?????�???�???? ?? ???�???�?????�. ?�?�?????�?�?????�?� ?�?�?????? ???�???�???????�?????????? ?????�???�?� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ??????. 3.47 .
???�?�???????�???? ?????�?�???�???�?????�?�?�???? ?????�?????�?� ?????�???�??. ???� ???�?? ???�???�?�?????????�???� ???�?�???� ?�R?�, ?????�?????�?? ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???????�?� ????????????.

WARNINGS
?�???�?????� ???�?????�???????�?� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ???????�???????�???�?? ???� ?????�?????????� ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�, ?? ???�?�???�?� ???�?????�???????�?�?�?�?? ?????????� ?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?� ???�???�???�?�?�??????.
???� ???�???�?????�?�???�?� ???�???�???�?� ?? ?????�???�?� ???????????�?????????????�?� ?????�???�?�, ?�?�?? ???�?? ?? ?????� ???�?�?�???�???�?� ???????�???�?? ???????�???�?�???????? ???�?�?�??????.

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Fig. 3.49. ?�?�???????�???�?�?????� ???�?�???? ???� ???????????�?????????????�?� ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?�?�


?????�?�?????????�?� ?????????????????�?�?�?????� ???�?? ?????�?�?????????? ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�, ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�?�???? ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???????�?� ????????????, ?? ???�???�???�???�???�?� ???????�???�?�???�???????�?�?� ?????�???�?? ?? ?????�???????? ???�???�?????? ???????????? ( ??????. 3.49 ). ???� ???�?�?????????�?� ?�?????�?� ?????�???�?� ???� ???�?????�?????????� ?�???�?????�?�, ?�?�?? ?�???�?�???�?�???? ???�?? ?�???? ???????�???�???�?????? ???????�???� ????????????. Instead, you can use the device with metal strips.

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?????�???? ?�?�?? ?�?� ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�???�???�?� ???????????�???????????????� ?????�???�??. Make sure the label facing upwards. ???� ???�???�?????�?�???�?� ???�???�?�???? ???�???�???�?� ?? ?????�???�?� ???????????�?????????????�?� ?????�???�?�. ?�?�???????�???�???�?� ?�?�?????? ?????�?�?� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ??????. 3.50 .

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???� ???????�?�???� ?? ?�???�?????�?�???�?�???????? ?????????�?????? ???�???�???�?� ?? ?�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ?????�?�?????????�?� ???????�?? ???�?????�???�?????�???? ??????????????????. ?????�?�???�?� ?????�?????�?? ???�?�?� ?? ???�?????�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ???????????????????� ?�?????�?�?? ?????�???????�?? ???�???�????, ?????�?�?????????�?� ??????????????????. ???????�?????� ???????????????????� ???????�?�???�???�???�?�???? ?�?�?????????? ?????�???�???? ?????�???�???� ???? ???????�?????� ( ??????. 3.53 ). ?�?�?�???�???�?� ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????�?�???�?????? ?????�?�????.
?????????�???????�?� ???�???????�?????? ???�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ???� ???????? ??� ???�?� ?????�?�?�?? ?????�?�?�?�?????? ?�?�?� ???�???�?????�?� ?�?�?�???�??????.
???� ???????�?�?????�?? ???�?�???� ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�???�???�?? ???????????�?�???????? ?????�?????? ?�???�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�.

?????�?�?????????� ???????????�?? ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�?????�???? ?? ?????????�?????� ?�?�?�???????? ???�?�???????�?� ??????????????????????
???�???�?? ?????�?�???????????? ???????????�?? ?? ???�?????� ?? ???�?�?????�???? ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�?�?????? ?�???�???????????? ?�?�?????�???�???? ?�?????�?�?�, ?? ???????????? ?�???�???????????? ???????�?� ?�?�??????, ?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ?????�?�???????�?�?? ?? ?�?�???? ?�???�????????????.
???????????�?� ?? ???�?�?????� ???�?????????? ?�???�?????????� ?????�?????? ???????????????????�. ???????????�?� ???�?�???�?� ?????�?�???�???? ???�?�???????????? ???????????????????� ?? ???????�?????�?� ?�?????�???? ?�???�??????, ???� ?????�?�???�?????�?�?? ?????????�, ???????�?????�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�?�???�???�?? ?? ???�?�???�???� ???�?�?????� ?? ?????�?????�.
?�?�?? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?????�?????� ?�?�?????�???�???? ?�?????�?�????.
???????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�???�???? ???�?�???????????? ?????�?�???�???� ?? ???�???�???�?� ?�???? ???� ???????� ???�???�?? ?? ???�?�????. ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�???�???? ???� ?????�?�???�???� ?????????�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???????? ???� ???�?�?????�. ?�?�?? ???????�?????? ?????�?�???�???� ???�???????????�?????? ?????�???�?????�?�?????? ?????�???�??????: ???�???? ?????�?�?????�?�?? ?????�???????? ?????�???????�???????�??, ?�?�???�?� ???� ?????????�?????�?? ???�?�???�???? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�?�???�???�.
???� ???�???????? ???�?�???� ?????�?�???� ?????�?�???�???� ???� ?�???�?�???�?�????.
???????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�???�???? ?????�?�???�???� ?? ???�???�???�?� ?�???? ?? ?????�?????? ???�?�?????�. ?????????� ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�???�???? ???� ?????�?�???�???� ?????????�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???????? ???� ?????�?????� ???�?�?????�, ?????�?�???�?? ???� ?????�?�?�???�???�?�. ???�?�???? ???�?�????, ?�?�???�?� ?????????????�?�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�?�???�???� ?? ???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?�?????� ???�???????? ?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�???�???? ?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?� ???�?�?????? ???�???�?�.
?�?�???????�???�???�?� ?�?�?????? ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ??????. 3.50 , ?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�?????�?� ???� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?? ???�?�???????? ???�???�?�???? ???�?�?????????�?� ???�?�????????.
?????�?�???�?� ???????????? ?? ?????�???�?� ?�?????�?�?? ?????�???????�?? ???�???�???? ?? ???�???�?????�?� ???� ?????????�???? ???????�?????? ???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???????????�???�?� ?????�?�?�. ?�?�?????� ???�???�?????�???�?�???? ???�?�???�???� ???�???? ???????????? ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?????????�?????? 6 ????, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?????�?�???�?? ?????�?????�?????�?? ???�???? ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????. ?????�???�?� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????????�?�?????? ???�?�?�?�.
?????????�???????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ?? ?????�???�?�?????� ?????�???�?? ???�???�?????? ?�???�???? ?? ???�???????? ?�???�?????????� ?? ?????�?�???�?� ???�?�?????? ?�???�?????????� ?????�???????�?? ???�???�????.

Installation of the piston into the cylinder
Fig. 3.54. ?????�?�?????????� ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????: ???�?�???� ?�F?� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (?????????� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�)


???????�???????�?� ?????????�???? ?? ???�?�???????? ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ???�???�?�???� ???� ???????????� ?�?�?�?� ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??; ?????�???????�???? ?????�?????�?� ?????????�???? ?? ???�?�???????? ?? ???�?????�?? ?�???�???????? ???? ?????????� ???????�?????? ?? ?�?�???? ?�???�????????????. ???�?�?????� ???????�???�???�?� ???? ???�???�???�???? ?????�?? ???????�??????, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?????�?�???�?? ???�?????????�?????�?? ???????�?�???� ?? ???�???????????�???? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ???? ?????�?? ?????????�???????�??. ?�???�?? ???� ???????�?� ???????????? ???�?????�???�?????�?� ???�?�???� ?? ???????� ???�???�?�???? ???�?? ???�?�??????, ?�?? ???�???�?? ?????�?�???????????? ???????�?????? ?????????�???�?????????�?� ?????????�???? ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�???� ?�F?� ???� ?�???�?�?????� ???�?�???�?� ?�?�?�?� ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (?????????� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�) ( ??????. 3.54 ).
?????�???????�???? ???????�???�???�?� ???�???�???????????? ???????????�?????? ?????�???�???� ???? ???????�?? ????????????, ???�?????�???�???? ???�?�???? ???� ???????�???�?�???�???????�???? ???�?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�. ???????????�???�?� ?????�???�?� ?????????� ???�???????�???�?? ???� ???????�?????? ???�???�?? ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????, ???????�?????? ???????�?????� ?????�?????� ?????�?�???� ???????�?????�?�?????? ?? ?�?�?????? ?�???�????????????. ?�?�?????�???????�?� ???�?? ?????�???�?�???? ?????�???????�????; ???�???�???�?�?????? ?????�?????�?�???�?� ???�?�???�??, ?�???�?? ?????�???????�?????�?�?� ???�?????�-?�???�?? ???????????�?????�?�?????� ?????? ?????????� ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????. ???????�???�?�???�?� ???????�?????? ?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ?????�???�?????�?� ?�?�, ???????�?� ?�?�???? ???????????�?�?�???�?� ?????�?�?????????? ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????. ???�?�???�?? ???????�?�???�?�?? ???????�???� ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ???????????? ?? ?�???�????????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ?????�???? ???�?????�?�?? ?????�???�?� ???�?? ?????????�????.
???????�?� ?????�?�?????????? ???????????�?? ?? ?�???�???????? ???�???? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�?�???? (???�?�???? ???�?�???????�???? ???????????????????�???? ?? ???�?????�???? ???�?�?�) ?? ?�???�?????? ???????�?� ???�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????�?�?????????�?? ?????�??????.
???????????�???????�?� ???�???�?�???? ???�?�???�???????�?????????? ???�?�???�???�?????????????? ???�?�???�????, ???�?????� ?????�?????????? ???�?????????? ???�???????� ???????????� ???�?�???????????? ???????????????????�, ?? ?????�???�???�?� ?�???? ???� ???�?�?????????? ???�?????? ???�?????????? ?�???�?????????� ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�. ???�?�???�?�???? ???� ?????�?�?�?? ???�???�?????�???�?�?? ?????�?�???�?????� ???�???�?????�???� ?? ???�?????� ???�?�?�.
???�?????�???�?� ?? ?????�?????� ???????�???�???????�??, ???????�?�???�???�???� ?? ?????�?�???�???�??, ???????????�?� ???�?�?????? ?? ?�???�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�???�?? ?? ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�??????. ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???�?�???? ???� ?????�?????� ?? ???�?�?????� ???�?�???????�???? ?? ?????????? ???�?????????�. ?�?�???�???????�?� ???�?????? ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ???� ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�???? ?? ?�???? ???????�???�. ?�?? ?????�???? ???�?????�???�?????? ???�???? ?????�???�?�???? ???� ?????????????�?�?�???? ?????�?�?�?????� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�.
?????�???????�???? ???????????�?� ?????�??????, ???� ?????????�?????? ???�?�???�???�?????????�?? ???�?�???�?�????. ?????�???????�?� ?�???�?�?????? ???�?�???????????????�?????????? ???�?�???�?????????????? ???�?�???�???? ???? ?????�?�???? ???� ?????�?????????� ?? ???????�???�?�???�?� ???�?�???�?????? ?????�?�???�???????? ?�?�?�?????�. ?????�???????�?� ?? ?�???�?�???�???�?? ?�???�?�?�?????�??. ?�???�?? ?�?�?�???? ???� ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???�?�???�????????, ???????�???????�?� ?????????�??????, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?????�?????? ?? ?????�?????�???????? ???�?�???�???� ?????�?�???????�?�?????�?� ???�?�???????�?� ??????????????????????. ???�???�?� ?????????�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?? ???????�???�?????�???? ???�???�?????�???? ?? ???�?�?????� ?? ???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ?????? ???�???�???�?????? ?�?�?�?????� ???� ?�?�?�?? ?�?�???????�???�?????? ???�?? ???�???�?� ???�?�???? ???????????????????�???? ?? ???????�?????�???�???? ???????�???�???????�??????.
???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????�?�???�?� ?????�?�?�???? ???�?�???????????????�?????????? ???�?�???�???? ?? ???�?�?? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ??/???�?? ?? ???????�???�???????�?�?? ???�?�???????�?� ??????????????????????. ???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�?�???�?????? ???????�???�???????�?�?? ???�?�???????�?� ??????????????????????, ?????�?�?�???? ?????�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?�?�?�?�?????�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ???�?? ???�???�???????????? ?�?????�?�??????. ???�?�?????�?�???? ?? ?�????, ?�?�?? ???�?�???�???� ???????�???�???????�?? ???�?�???????�?� ?????????????????????? ?�?�?????�???�???? ?�?????�?�?�, ???�???�?????�?� ???� ?????�?�???�???? ???????????????????� ?�?????????? ?????????????????�?? ???�???? ???�???????????�?�?�???�???�???????? ?????????????�?�???�?????? ?????�?�???? ?? ?????????�???�???????? ?????�???�???�???� ???�?? ???�???�?� ???�?? ???�???????? ?????????�?�?�?�??. ?�?�?? ???????�?????� ?? ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�???�???? ???�?�???????????? ?????�?�???�???� ?????????�?�???? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????????�???? ?? ?�???�????????, ?????�?????�?????�?�?�?????? ???�???�?? ???� ?�???�?�?� ?????�?????? ???�???�?�???? ???�?�????????.
???????�???????�?� ???�?�???? ?? ???�?????� ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�, ???????????�?� ???�?�?????? ?? ?�???�?�???? ?????�???�??, ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????�?????? ?? ?�?�?�???????�?� ???�?????? ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�????. ?�?�?�?????????�???�?� ???�?????? ?? ?�???? ???????�???�.
???????�???????�?� ?????????�???????? ???????�?�???????? ???�?? ???????????�?? ?? ???�?�???????? ?????�?�?�?????�?� ?�???�????????????. ?� ???????�?�?????� ???�???????? ???�?�?????�?� ?�?� ?�?????�???�???? ?????????????�?�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?�?? ???�?�?????� ?? ???�?�???????�?� ?????�?�???�???�??. ???�?�?????�?� ?�?� ?�?�??, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�???�?? ?????????�???? ???????�???�?�???�???????�?� ???�?????????? ?�???�??????????, ?� ???�?�?????�, ???�???�?�???� ???�?? ???�?�???� ?�F?� ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ???????????? ?? ?�???�???????? ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???�?????????? ???�???�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�??. ???????????�?�, ?�?�?? ???�???�?? ?????�?�???????????? ???????�?????? ???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?????�?�?� ?�???�???????? ?????�?�?�?? ?�?�?�?? ???�???�?????? ?????�?�?�??.
?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�???????? ???�???????� ???�?�???????? ?? ?????�?????�???? ???�???? ?????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?�???�???� ???????�???�???????�?? ??????????????????????.
???????�?� ?????�?????�???????? ?????�?�?????????? ???????????�?? ?? ???�?�?????�???? ?????????�???????�?� ???� ???????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ???� ???�???????�?????? ???�???????�????, ???�?� ?????�?�?�?? ?????�?�?�?�?????? ?�?�?� ?�?�?�???�??????.
???� ???????�?�?????�?? ???�?�???� ???�???????? ???�???? ?????????�?????�?? ?????�?????? ?�???�?� ???�?�?????�.

?????�?�?????????� ?�?�?????�???? ???�?�?????????� ?? ?�?�?????�?? ?????�??????
?????�?�???�?� ?�?????????? ???�???�?? ?????�???????????? ???�???�?� ???�?????�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ???�?�?????????� ?? ?????�?�?????????�?� ???�?�???????? ?? ?????�?�???? ?�?�?????�?? ?????�??????. ?? ?????????�???? ???????�?????? ???�?????????�?????? ?�?�?????�?????????�?� ???�?�???????? ???? ?????�?????? ???????�??????. ?�???�???? ???�?�?????????� ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�???� ???????�????.
???�???�?????�?� ???� ?????????�?�?????? ?? ???????�?�???�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?�?�?????�?? ?????�?????? ???�???? ???�?????�?�?????�.
?????�?�???�?� ?�?????????? ???�???�?? ?????�???????????? ???�???�?� ???�?�???�???? ???????????? ???�?�?????????�, ?????�?�?????????�?� ???� ???�???�?? ?????????�?�?????? ?? ?????�???????�?� ?�???�?�?�. ?�?�?�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???????�???�????.

???±???µ?·???° ?‡?°???‚?? ?????????»?°??????, ???‹???‚?????°???‰?µ?? ?·?° ???°?±?°?????‚?‹ ?·?°?????µ?? ?????‹??????
Fig. 3.55. ???�???�?�???� ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�??????, ???�???�?????�???�?�?? ?�?� ???�?�?�?????�?� ?�?�?????�?? ?????�??????


???????????�?�???? ???�???�?�???�?� ???�???�?????�???�???? ?�?� ???�?�?�?????�?� ?�?�?????�?? ?????�?????? ?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�??????, ?????�?????�?? ?�?�?�???????� ???� ?????????????�?�?????? ???????�???�???????�?? ???�???�?????????? ?????????????� ( ??????. 3.55 ).
???????�?�???????�?�?�?�?????????�?? ???�???????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????? ???�?????�?�?�???????? ???�???????�?�
Before assembly, prepare all the necessary new spare parts, gaskets and seals, as well as the following tools and accessories:
- A standard set of tools;
??� ???????�???????�?�?????�?�???????? ???�???� ?? ?????�?????????? ?�1/2?�;
- The adaptation for installation of piston rings;
??� ???????�?????? ???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?????�?�?�;
??� ???�???�?�???? ???�?�?????????�?� ???�?? ???�?�???�???�?????????�?� ???�?�???????? ???�?? ?????�?�?????????? ???� ?�???�?�?� ?????�?????? ???�?�?????�;
??� ???�?�???�???�?????????�?? ???�?�???�???????�?????�?? ???�?�???�?�????;
- A set of probes;
- Needle file;
??� ?????�?�?�?� ?????�?????????� ???�???�??;
- The type of sealant RTV;
??� ???????�?????????�???�?? ???????�?�??, ?????�?????�???�???????�???? ???�???????�???????�?????�?????? ???�?�???�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? (?�?�?????????????�???? ?�???????????�??).
To save time and effort, the assembly is recommended in the following order:
- Crankshaft and main bearings;
??� ???�?????�???�?????�???? ?????????????????? (???� ???????�?�???� ?? ???�?�?�?????�?�???????? ?????????�?????? ???�???�???�?�);
- Pistons in gathering with rods;
- Rear oil seal and lid gland;
??� ???�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ?? ???�???�?????????�????????;
- Oil pan;
- A flywheel with the coupling mechanism;
- Front engine mounting bracket;
- water pump;
??� ?????�???????� ?�?�?????� ?�???�????????????, ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????�?? ???�?�, ???�?�?�?????�?? ?????????????� ???�?�???�??????;
??� ???�???�???????? ?????�?????� ?? ???�???�???????? ???�?�????????;
??� ???????? ?�???�?�?�?�?????? ???�?????? ???�???????�???�?�???�?�?�?????????? ???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???�???�?�?�??;
??� ?�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???? ?? ?????�???�?? ???�??????;
- fuel pump;
- back cover;
- The cylinder head cover;
- The gauge of emergency pressure of oil;
- oil filter;
- Thermostat with housing;
- The ignition distributor, candles, high-voltage wires;
- Pipes supplying coolant hoses;
- Inlet and exhaust manifolds;
- The generator and arms;
??� ???????�?�???� ???????�?�?????? ?�?????????�???????�?? ???�???�?�???�?�???????� ???�?�????.

???????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???????�?� ???�???????�?� ?? ?�???? ???�???�?�???�
After completing the assembly of the engine double-check the oil level and coolant.
?????? ???�???�???????�?�?� ?????�?�?�?� ?? ???�?????????????�???�?????? ?????????????� ???�?�???????? ?�?�?�?????�??????, ?????�???????�???????? ?? ?�???�?????????�, ?????????�???????�?� ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ???�?� ???? ???????�???�?� ???�???????�???�?�???? ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?� ???�?�?�???????? (?�???�?? ?????�???????????�???�?? ?????????�???????�???�??) ???�?? ???? ???�???�???�?�?????? ???????�?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?�.
?�???�???????�?� ?????�?�?? ?�?�?�?????�??????, ???�???�?????�?� ???�???????�?�???????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????�?????????�?� ???�?????????????�???�???�?? ???????????? ???�?�???????? ?�?�?�?????�??????.
???�?�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???????????�?�?????�?? ?�?�???�???????� ???�???�?????�?�?????� ?�?�?????�?�?�; ?�?�?�?�?? ???????�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�??. ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�?�?? ???????�???�?????? ?????????�?? ?????????�?????? ?????????�?�???�???? ?????�???�????, ???�???�?�?????????�?? ???�?? ???�?????�???�?????? ???�???�?????�?�?????� ?�?�???�????????.
?????�?�?? ???????�?� ?????????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?????????�?? ???�?�???? ???????�???�???????? ?�?�???�???�?� ?????�?�?�?????? ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????�, ?�?�???�?� ???�?�?????�?�???�?? ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�?????� ???�???�?� ?? ???????�?�???� ?????�?�???? ?? ?�?�???�???�?? ???????????�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???? ???�?�???�?�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�. ???? ???�???� ???????????�???� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?????? ???�?�?????�?� ?�?� ?????????�?�?????�?? ?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�?� ?? ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??.
Switch off the ignition and check the oil levels and the coolant. ?????????� ???????�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?�?????????? ???????�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????? ?? ?�?�???�???�?? ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????�. If necessary, adjust them.
???????�???????�?� ?????�?�?????? ???� ???�?�???�???� ?????????� ?? ???�?????�?�???????????�?? ???????�?�?????�??, ???�?�?????????�?� ?�???�???????�???�?? ???� ?????????????�?? 50 ????/?� ???? 90 ????/?�, ???�?�?�?? ???� ???�???�?�?? ?�?????�?�?�???�?�?????� ???? ?????�???????? ?�?� ???�?????�?�????. ?�?�?�?�?? ???�???????�???�?� ???�???�?�?? ?�?????�?�?�???�?�?????�, ?�?�?�?????????�???? ?�???�???????�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?? ???? ?????????????�?? 50 ????/?�.
Repeat the cycle of 10-12 times. This results in extra earnings of piston rings to walls of cylinders. Recheck the oil level and coolant.
???�???????? 1000 ???? ???????�?�???� ???� ?????????�?????�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?�???�???????? ???�???????�???�?? (?????????�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�???????? ?????????????�????), ???�???????????�?�?????? ?????????�?????? ?????????�???? ???�???�?�. During the break-in possible increased oil consumption.
???????�?� ???????�?�???� 1000??�1200 ???? ?????�?????�?� ???�???�?? ?? ???�???�?????�?? ?�???�???�??, ???????�???????�?� ?�???�?�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�???????? ?�?�?????� ?�???�???????????? ?? ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�?????� ???�?�???? ???�?�???�???�???? ?? ???????????�???�?�????.
At run next few hundred kilometers drive a car in a normal mode, avoiding too large and too small loads.
???????�?� 4000 ???? ???????�?�???� ?????????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�???�?? ?? ???�???�?????�?? ?�???�???�??, ???????�?� ???�?????? ???�???�?�?�?�????, ?�?�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????????�?� ???�???�?�????.




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