Nissan Primera (from 1990 to 1992, the year of issue)

Nissan Primera - the family car Class D with front and all wheel drive. Available in sedan, hatchback and wagon.

Nissan Primera first generation was first presented in February 1990. In autumn 1990 there was a four-wheel drive modification. Primera first generation produced in the body P10 - 4-door sedan and 5-door hatchback and station wagons had an index of body W10 and almost nothing in common with the sedan and hatchback had. Yes, they have the same interior, same engines are used, but - it's completely different cars. Besides W10 produced (from 07.90 till 01.98 g), it can be said in their historical homeland - in Japan, and P10 - in the UK, and this says a lot about: technology, materials, staff ...

The vehicles Primera early 90's typical calm appearance. Despite the apparent similarities, wagon differs significantly from the sedan with hatchback design. The main difference - trehrychazhnaya front suspension providing P10's legendary stability and control. The wagon is used McPherson and dependent beam, which is more reliable and durable, so that the rear axle wagon is virtually impossible to wear. However, this workhorse (wagon) rulitsya markedly worse than in the Primera sedan and hatchback, which is characteristic of a very sharp steering. Multi-link suspension is stiff, but moderately comfortable. Due to its complex construction, in sharp turns Primera is not filled up one side, and bumps in the road traversed with much less roar in the cabin than any of its competitors. Small hum present, but there is no separation from the road surface, yaw, and other "pleasures". It is a clear and predictable behavior on the road, many owners called the first advantage of the car.

The passenger compartment without unnecessary frills, everything is quite simple, but nonetheless very comfortable and functional. The equipment level in the P10 were the following: LX, SLX, GT. The GT version looks different in other bumpers, spoiler, original disks, door sill. The interior - seats with more side support. Original colors, which applies only to the GT - this is not velvet, but a special black and black and gray fabric. Ride a little lower. The steering column is adjustable in all versions. Rudder convenient, well, "lies" in the hands - at the expense of the material used, sweaty hands do not slip. The LX version has a dvuhspitsevym the wheel, as opposed to the more expensive version with a three-spoke steering wheel. Interior her cloth, besides there is not even a tachometer. The driver's seat is equipped with a lumbar support (3 positions), the pillow has 2 adjustment - height and angle, back - tilt, but tilt the headrest unregulated. The dashboard of the car with smooth transitions is quite simple in appearance, but nevertheless it is functional and ergonomic. The instrument cluster contains all the necessary information. A very useful thing - the warning light, informing them of the open door and the sound of the alarm is not turned off the headlights and tail lights. There are handles the clock and reset the daily run. Moving all the buttons and knobs are available only movement of the hand (no need to bend over). Fuel tank hatch opened remotely from inside the cabin a special lever installed on the floor near the driver's seat. Management of ventilation ducts, heating and air conditioning the cabin is equipped with electric and performed with the buttons, there is also a mode switch and fan. At the bottom of the console is a container box (it can be set podkassetnitsa just container or container detail with sprung lid (the latter is the most common)). At the bottom - the cigarette lighter and ashtray. Central locking and electric windows are equipped with many electric cars since the beginning of the release. The wagon version of the spacious luggage compartment can accommodate a large amount of luggage, and, if necessary, and to spend the night in relative comfort. Luggage in the trunk covers from prying eyes soft sliding shelf which has two mounting positions in the luggage compartment - depending on the inclination of the rear seat backs.

To the car was offered several motors. Gasoline GA16DS - of 1.6 90 hp (carburetor), and in '93 he was replaced GA16DE - the same 1.6, but with the distributed injection 100 hp SR20DI - monoinzhektor 2.0 115 hp, with the 93rd SR20DE -125 hp, then 135 hp 2-liter Power said base, and the real is very approximate and not stable, since the punching machines VIN-s different years often found mention of reduced engine power. Diesel LD20 (75 hp) was produced until April 1996. Engines are quite reliable and sound operation and timely service capable of "going out" to overhaul up to 200-300 thousand. Km. Carburetor engine version often experience jerks at work because of the tendency to misalignment and inconsistent with the catalyst.

Transmissions used 5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic. Manual transmission Primera first year of production has a negative reputation because over time, the fifth gear synchronizer bumped. As for the "machine", something he does not deliver the complexities of operation.

Brake sufficiently clear and informative. All machines were installed front disc brakes, rear - disc (SR20Di, SR20DE and part GA16DE, CD20) and drum (GA16DS and part GA16DE, CD20). Most of the cars (except GA16DS) are equipped with ABS.

In the middle of 1996 on the line there is a new series Primera, index P11E. This model has been developed exclusively for the European market (hence the letter E). It is noteworthy that in the United Kingdom is now producing all of the body, including the wagon WP11E. According designers, the car has been significantly reworked. The new model is applied more than 600 new features, however, it concerns mostly small things. I changed the rear suspension of the P11, now it is done in W10 - beam with Scott-Russell mechanism, and the front has changed only the lower arm (or rather, one of his Hob). Driving characteristics, especially its behavior in bends, it was exceptional. Developers managed to bring the vehicle weight distribution of the car along the axes to the ideal. However, the new P11 new rear suspension often triggered breakdown than P10.

Possible combinations remained the same as its predecessor - SLX and GT. There were also GX (the poorest, replacing LX) and SE (richest: 4 pillows, leather, sunroof, air conditioning, music, etc.). Other names are secondary, are not essential information and serve as a purely marketing purposes.

The interior probably is half of the promised 600 changes - in door trims, plastic dashboard. Now began a two-tone interior, with a dark top and light bottom. The seats also increased in size, their backs became a little higher. Sometimes there is a leather trim.

The engines have been updated, but remained the same. Some changed their characteristics. In spring 1997, released version GT (sedan) with a 2-liter 16-valve engine producing 150 hp Externally, a redesigned engine distinguished by a red head. Changes in the brake system concerned, in particular, of the electronic brake force distribution, which controls the ratio between front and rear wheels as well as brake booster, brake master cylinder and ABS.

In September 1999 came a new generation of models of Nissan Primera index Body P11-144. Production of Nissan Primera is now focused on the flagship Nissan plant in Sunderland, UK. Exterior and interior of the car, made in sports and executive style, developed in the European Technology Center under the direction of Nissan's English designer Dale Gotsela. Fully modified bonnet line: prominent chrome grille verge smoothly flow into the hood with the changes clear profile. Her aggressive style is transmitted and bumper with air intakes and wide-set foglights. Omitted bumper looks like part of the body, the lower part of the car's performance improves erodinamicheskie and smoothly into the rapids, visually reduce the height, so that the silhouette of the car became more squat. The installed Xenon headlamps, which give two times more light than standard halogen. Sports style front of the raised edge in common with the rear spoiler and the soft contours of the bumper that looks like a single unit. Elegance underline the trunk and convex "three-dimensional" taillights with black and red lenses, hidden smoky plastic.

sophisticated, sporty appearance and manufacturability Primera is continued in the interior of the vehicle. The front panel is made of two-color, with a dark top and light bottom. Changed the front seats have new upholstery materials, their wider and high cushions emphasize the luxury and sportiness of the new car. The car is offered with four trim levels: Comfort, Sport, Lux, Elegance (last - the most fancy). For interior use of four different types of fabric and leather trim can be completed with the most models. Handle transmission of the new form is made of aluminum or wood trim in the "Sport" and "Elegance". It is also possible to trim the steering wheel leather and wood.

Each grade can be equipped with any of the engines: a petrol with a volume of 2.0, 1.8 and 1.6-liter or two-liter turbodiesel. The new petrol engine capacity of 1.8 liters, has received index QG18, in terms of exhaust gas exceeds the European requirements "Euro-4", which will come into effect from 2005. The basis for it is not known served in the Japanese market SR18, but something fad, mutable valve timing. Two-liter version has an optional variable speed. In all of the options set a new manual transmission and a two-liter petrol engine can be equipped with a CVT and CVT M-6. When any engine and trim level, the car is offered in one of three bodies: a sedan, hatchback and wagon.

Security - one of the major areas for improvement of the new generation Primera. The number of new technologies that Primera has become a leader in the field of security, came first in this class of mechanical control braking force (Brake Assist), new headlights, new side airbags and a larger child seat attachment system ISOFIX. The system Brake Assist - the first system of its kind installed in the car in the segment D. As a similar system in the luxury cars, it helps drivers of all skill levels to slow down as efficiently as possible, using ABS. Together with ABS and four-channel systems, electronic brake force distribution and Brake Assist, the new Primera is equipped with internally ventilated brake discs with a diameter of 280 mm, which previously was equipped only version of GT. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution accurately controls the balance between the front and rear brakes. These trends, together with the improvement of the brake master cylinder and brake booster, brake system made examples more powerful and controlled.

The climate control system is designed to turn on one click. The driver selects only the temperature - and climate control system regulates itself interior climate, taking into account the changes in the outside temperature and the degree of heating the cabin with sunlight. All the driver needs to be done - it is right to send a jet of air in the passenger compartment. No need to adjust the speed of any fan or temperature.

The new generation Nissan Primera 2002 - sedan and wagon Primera - produced from mid-December 2001 at the famous factory Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. Sunderland, United Kingdom. In the early summer of 2002 began the production of a 5-door hatchback created especially for Europe. High-tech Primera kept all forms of the concept shown in Paris in 2000. Her distinctive "monoform" is a bold change in the style of three-volume body, and sets a new standard in this class.

The new generation model Nissan Primera perhaps be called the most revolutionary innovation in the middle class in the history of the company. Create a unique personal style was the main task in 1997 when work began on the third generation Primera. Stephen Schwartz, Chief Designer, Nissan Design Europe, the man under whose leadership created the look of the new Primera, describes the design of the car as best representing the change in position in the concepts and terms of form. "Our original idea was a desire to move away from the stereotypes of the creation of the concept of a sedan. The design of the sedan is traditionally very conservative, with strict separation of the engine compartment, cabin and luggage compartment. In order to provide greater capacity and comfort of the cabin, we come to the exterior design, starting from the inside the cabin, that began to develop the forms inside. Our silhouette "monoform" combines the functionality of capacious interior and a unique profile, easily recognizable at a distance ", - he said.

Modern Style "monoform 'new Primera sedan combines the engine compartment, cabin and luggage compartment in an elegant single line, through which the car looks dynamic, leaving a feeling of simplicity of lines. Conspicuous sloping roof, sharp edges on the glass, the absence of traditional bumpers, large headlights and taillights. Installed instead of the standard headlights, xenon headlights of the new Primera gives the advantage of a natural, approximate to daylight lighting. They are two times more efficient than halogen lamps and provide better visibility on the road during night trips. The inlets are located under the flying wing grille, hood and windshield look like one. The feeling that the car was created from a monolithic mass, even more enhanced by further "softened" the line of the bumper, which is connected with the wings broken lines. Such an uncompromising approach to creating original design led to the emergence of a new production technology. When creating larger wheelbase (2680 mm) necessary for imparting appearance Primera greater dynamics has been developed a new method for compact, allowing the process to bend the wings of the rim, a pre-welded by spot welding to the plane of the wing. The complex in the manufacture of the tailgate also required the development of non-traditional production techniques of the body. Sporty and elegant touring different broken lines, blending smoothly into the sloping rear door.

Body dimensions compared with the previous generation increased significantly (4565h1760h1480 mm), and accordingly expanded cabin space. The curved roof line of the new Primera and a forward instrument panel create a feeling of space inside the vehicle. Large areas around the elbows on the front door together with the form, embedded inside, completely eliminate the feeling of closeness to people with very dense physique. On the other hand, the upper edge of the door is issued inside the cabin, so there is an appropriate degree of compactness, typical of sports sedans. The luggage compartment Primera sedan is 450 liters (VDA). On the versatile luggage compartment volume is 465 liters, which can be increased if you fold the rear seatbacks. The backrests can also be folded 60/40. Under the removable padded boot floor located waterproof compartment for storing various items of 40 liters; and the luggage compartment is equipped with a vertical grid - holder, has 4 mounting points, folding bag hooks and a large number of lugs to secure the load. The design of the seats was redesigned in order to ensure better visibility in the cabin and create a sense of more space, as well as to improve the entry and exit of the car. The headrests of the front seats are made narrow as possible, to increase the review sitting on the rear seat passengers. Pillows and vysokie seat backs provide comfort and convenience. Adjustable driver's seat and front passenger provide optimum lumbar support that allows you to choose the most comfortable position. The rear seat is changed so as to provide better support for the upper back. The higher seating position also provides better visibility.

interior design fully meets the avant-garde appearance of the car with his calmness and smoothness, monolithic fused with technology polylines. The curved shape of the cockpit - a key point of design, it enables the toolbar and the information system to be pushed further towards the center than usual. For the driver, it is more convenient, because now it takes less effort to look refocusing between the road and the dashboard monitor. The angle of the driver's field of view between the road and Primera devices is 25 degrees, as opposed to 35 degrees with the traditional layout. Control systems of the car also gets in the field of peripheral vision. Thus, the interior of the Primera involves intuitive, more relaxed and harmonious management, attention to detail provided by the arrangement of devices that combine high quality with the latest technologies. Under the instrument panel, on the center console, posted a unique control center specifically designed for ease of use and prevention of fatigue of the hand of the driver. This arrangement has been found in many studies to improve the interaction between man and the car through the rational use of technology and developments in ergonomics. Managing climate, navigation and audio systems, and other devices on the machine is the newest interface with joystick and six multifunction buttons that will get rid of many of the traditional buttons and switches. Increase the size of each of them, so that they are properly triggered even if you blindly, because all control buttons are conveniently located along the natural movement of the hand. All information on the management of these systems is projected on a large color TFT monitor. When the reverse gear is displayed on the TFT monitor vehicle location surrounding objects, shoot the rear view, which is located above the rear license plate and is activated when reverse gear. The package machines entered for the first time applied the newest unique to D-segment Intelligent Laser Cruise Control (Adaptive Cruise Control (ICC)), which by means of an infrared laser sensor determines the distance to the vehicle in front and sets the safe speed for it via the control system engine and braking system. New DVD-terminal navigation system replaced the traditional CD-ROM drive is now on the same driver can be accessed by a road map across Europe. Primera is equipped with a wiper with rain sensor. When the selector is set to "auto", the wiper is actuated as soon as the rain sensor will record a drop of moisture on the surface of the windshield. In addition the system automatically controls the change speed brushes and cycle time. There are three levels of basic configuration - Comfort, Elegance and Techno.

Gamma engine is almost unchanged, to upgrade the engine capacity of 1.6 liters and 1.8 liters added a new petrol engine capacity of 2.0 liters, as well as the latest development of Nissan - turbo diesel engine 2.2 liter with direct injection and "Sommon Rail", providing good power performance and lower fuel consumption.

The new Primera is equipped with the familiar QG16 engine capacity of 1.6 liters, which now has an output of 80 kW (109 hp) at 6000 rev. / min. and a torque of 144 Nm at 4000 r / min Electronically controlled throttle provides a smooth transfer of increased torque, achieved through a system of variable valve timing. The aluminum collector replaced traditional cast iron, which results in conjunction with the length of the exhaust manifold was an increase in torque for greater "elasticity" of the movement.

A more powerful engine of 1.8 liter QG series also has dual aluminum exhaust manifold and variable valve timing system that provides increased torque and improved throttle response, and a flywheel and Silenced chain provides noise reduction. This engine has an output of 85 kW (116 hp) at 5600 rev / min and torque of 163 Nm at 4000 rpm. / Min.

The new engine 2.0-liter QR20 engine block has a frame (ladder) type of high rigidity and compact system balancing mechanism to provide superior smoothness and quietness during operation. The use of lighter parts, low noise circuits and plastic valve covers allows this engine in its performance as close as possible to the characteristics of a 6-cylinder engine. Its maximum power is 103 kW (140 hp) at 6000 rev / min and torque - 192 Nm at 4000 r / min.

16-valve turbo diesel engine YD22 2.2 liter, with two overhead camshafts and technology "Sommon Rail" similar engines installed on the recently launched serial production of the vehicle X-Trail. With further established turbocharger and further variable injection duration it reaches power 93 kW (126 hp) at 4000 rev / min and torque of 280 Nm at 2000 rev. / Min.

engines up to 2.0 liters. standard with a 5-speed manual gearbox and engine capacity of 1.8 liters can be equipped with 4-speed automatic transmission. Both new engines are offered with a 6-speed manual gearbox, while the petrol engine capacity of 2.0 liters. additionally possible to install the variator Hypertronic CVT-M6 with manual shift.

Significant improvements in the braking system of the new Primera, allow this car as the leading positions on the D-segment, and braking performance. New Primera - the first Nissan car with the advantages of the new system Bosch ABS 8 that is more effective, as well as lighter and more compact than their predecessors. The combination of the system provides Nissan Brake Assist effective braking even at low cutting force pressing the brake pedal and the system EBD (EVD), allows you to make optimal braking force to the rear wheels at all levels of congestion. Braking efficiency is also guaranteed by the use of larger diameter brake discs and 10-inch single-stage brake booster. In addition to the system ABS, Stability Programme (ESP) provides additional control over the behavior of the car in motion. ESP not only significantly reduces oversteer or understeer, but also is used to maintain stability in extreme conditions. This system, which uses a variety of sensors that control the behavior of the vehicle, automatically controls the engine and distributes braking force to each wheel on a slippery road surfaces or in an emergency.

By combining the best characteristics of the suspension, "MacPherson" and a system with double-wishbone, multi-link design in the front suspension uses a specially isolated subframe that provides a smooth ride and comfort while reducing noise and vibration.

The new Primera has a high-strength body structure absorbs shocks, designed to create a safe zone around the passengers, the hallmark of which is reinforced sills, front side members and front pillars and crumple zones in the front and rear. The central pillar, reinforced sills and side members are designed to provide additional strength cabin. Amplifiers in the doors as well as the special design of the door, preventing its deformation into the interior, distribute the impact energy on the supporting elements of the body. When used with seat belts, airbags new Primera help reduce the chance of injury driver and front passenger in a frontal collision. System pretensioning seat belts with pressure limiters used to enhance the security of the complex of the new car. This system is recognized as an effective means to absorb the kinetic energy accompanying the frontal collision. The car is also equipped with side airbags that are designed to protect the chest of the driver and front passenger in the event of a side impact, while the Primera curtain airbags protect heads of passengers in the front and rear seats. Shutters are designed so that they remain in the open position for longer to provide greater protection. Designed to prevent the injury of the cervical vertebrae in case of accidents at low speeds (the most typical injury), the system of active head restraints Nissan uses the power of the pressure of the body on the back seat at the moment of impact, causing the displacement of the headrest upward and forward, causing injury preventing sudden tilting the head back. Fully mechanical, head then automatically returns to its original position. In the event of a serious impact new Primera can reduce the risk of leg injuries the driver using a retractable brake pedal. When the front of the car body panels are moved back, their movement triggers a mechanism that pulls the pedal forward from the driver, to minimize the risk of injury bottom of the foot. When you create a car much attention was paid to the safety of pedestrians. Soft filling the front bumper is to mitigate the impact and reduce the risk of injury in the collision at the man and the lower part of the front wings are made more rigid to reduce the risk of injury bottom of the foot of man. All this allows us to distribute the impact on the two zones instead of one, helping to avoid knee injuries in case of accidents at low speeds, which usually occur when the knees take care of all the speed of the car.

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