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Turbocharger
| Fig. 5.38. Turbocharger vehicles with four-cylinder engines: 1 - exhaust manifold; 2 - the suction pipe; 3 - from the air cooler; 4 - a lining; 5 - nut 25 Nm; 6 - a lining; 7 - lock; 8 - a lining; 9 - protective plate; 10 - the vacuum chamber to control the pressure increase 11 - the turbocharger; 12 - Exhaust gases from the crankcase; 13 - from the air filter; 14 - a lining; 15 - a bolt, 30 Nm; 16 - oil return pipe to the cylinder block; 17 - a sealing ring; 18 - banjo bolt, 30 Nm; 19 - lock; 20 - compressed air; 21 - a lining; 22 - a reception exhaust pipe; 23 - a hose to the solenoid valve to increase the pressure limitation N75; 24 - coupling of the pipeline; 25 - bolt 10 Nm; 26 - oil supply pipe; 27 - lock; 28 - nut 25 Nm
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The power which the engine can develop depends on the amount of air and fuel entering the engine cylinders. To increase the engine power is increased supply of air and fuel. Supplying a large amount of fuel will have no effect until until a sufficient amount of air for combustion. Otherwise, an excess of unburned fuel, resulting in overheating and an increased opacity engine. To increase the amount of air supplied to the engine using a turbocharger that compresses air introduced into the combustion chamber (Figs. 5.38, 5.39). The elements of the control system are given in turbocharged Fig. 5.40.
| Fig. 5.39. Turbocharger vehicles with six-cylinder engines: 1 - a sealing ring; 2 - oil return pipe to the cylinder block; 3 - installation; 4 - O-ring; 5 - bolt 10 Nm; 6 - a hose to the vacuum chamber to control the pressure rise; 7 - bolt 22 Nm; 8 - supply pipe oil from the oil filter bracket; 9 - a hollow bolt 15 N ?� m; 10 - sealing rings; 11 - bolt 10 Nm; 12 - thermofilter; 13 - the turbocharger; 14 - a nut, 22 N ??? m; 15 - nut 22 Nm; 16 - knee exhaust manifold for mounting a turbocharger; 17 - bolt 25 Nm; 18 - a lining; 19 - a reception exhaust pipe with catalytic converter; 20 - bolt 22 Nm; 21 - stand for an intermediate transition element; 22 - transition element; 23 - bolt 22 Nm; 24 - bolt 10 Nm
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| Fig. 5.40. Elements of a control system by increasing the pressure to the engine air at the six-cylinder engines: 1 - a breather on the air filter housing; 2 - a vacuum hose to a vacuum tank or vacuum pump; 3 - a vacuum hose from the solenoid valve high pressure; 4 - the vacuum brake booster; 5 - vacuum tank; 6 - one-way valve; 7 - vacuum pump; 8 - the switch valve intake manifold N239; 9 - a vacuum hose from the valve to the mechanical valve N18 EGR; 10 - solenoid valve control pressure increases N75; 11 - the valve EGR N18
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The turbocharger consists of a centrifugal blower wheel and a turbine connected by a common rigid axis. Both of these elements rotate in the same direction at the same speed. The energy of the exhaust gas flow, which in conventional engines is not used, is converted to torque, driving the turbocharger. At the outlet from the engine exhaust gases have a high temperature and pressure. They move with great speed and interacting with the blades of the turbine, which converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy of rotation. Energy conversion is accompanied by decrease in temperature and pressure of the exhaust gases. Turbocharger sucks air through the air filter, compresses it, and supplies to the engine cylinders. The amount of fuel that can be mixed with air can be increased, allowing the engine to develop more power. For lubrication of the turbocharger engine oil is supplied under pressure by a special pipeline. Since the turbocharger is operated at high speed, you need to be careful and clean: dirt in the turbocharger can disable it.
A WARNING Chalk, markers or paint mark the direction of rotation of the toothed belt. After setting the belt rotates in the opposite direction, which may result in its destruction. |
Between the turbocharger and the intake manifold is installed an intermediate cooler air which reduces the temperature of air supplied to the engine. Cooling air increases engine power, as the cool air because of its higher density increases the oxygen content.
Removing the turbocharger in a car with six-cylinder engine
NOTE The vacuum tank is located in front of the car under the protection of the wheel arches. Pay attention to the installation position (light side / dark side), as shown in Fig. 5.40. |
Switch off the ignition and disconnect a wire of "weight" from the storage battery.
| Fig. 5.41. Location screws bottom mudguard of a motor compartment
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Remove the screws and remove the rear section of the bottom mudguard of the engine compartment (Fig. 5.41). Remove the bolt reception exhaust pipe in the transition element.
| Fig. 3.4.1. Location screws engine cover
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Remove the screws and remove the engine cover (see. Fig. 3.4.1).
| Fig. 5.42. Location bolts thermofilter of turbocharger
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Remove the bolts and remove thermofilter of turbocharger (Fig. 5.42).
| Fig. 5.43. Location bolts reception exhaust pipe to turbocharger
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Remove the bolts a reception exhaust pipe to the turbocharger (Fig. 5.43). Take a reception exhaust pipe back and down.
| Fig. 5.44. Location nuts knee exhaust manifold to the turbocharger
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Remove the nuts from the knee exhaust manifold turbocharger (Fig. 5.44). Loosen the hose clamps and remove the air tube from the air filter.
| Fig. 5.45. Mounting pipe to the turbocharger
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Loosen and remove the pipe from the turbocharger (Fig. 5.45). Disconnect the hose from the vacuum chamber control pressure increases.
| Fig. 5.46. Removal from the turbocharger exhaust air pipe
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Loosen the clamps, remove and move away from the turbocharger exhaust air outlet (Fig. 5.46). Release clips and remove the fuel oil line from the bracket and move them aside.
| Fig. 5.47. Mounting the turbocharger oil line (1) and intake manifold (2)
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Disconnect the oil line from the turbocharger and the intake manifold (Fig. 5.47).
| Fig. 5.48. Location turbocharger mounting bolts to the transition elements
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Remove the four screws on the turbocharger to the transition elements and remove the turbocharger (Fig. 5.48). Close the hole with a clean cloth for feeding oil into the engine block.
Install the turbocharger in a car with six-cylinder engine Installation is spent to sequences, return to removal, taking into account the following. Replace all the new O-rings, gaskets and self-locking nuts.
| Fig. 5.49. O-ring oil return pipe of the turbocharger
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Check that there are no damaged O-ring oil return pipe from the turbocharger (Fig. 5.49). Fill the turbocharger with oil through the hole for the oil supply pipe. After installing the turbocharger start up the engine and let it run at idle for 1 minute to allow oil filling of the turbocharger. Check the engine oil level. Connect a wire of "weight" to the battery. Turn on the radio and enter the code. Lift up the power window glass until it stops. Then press all the switches window again, at least 1, in the closed position of the control unit to activate windows. Set the clock.
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