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Front suspension
Suspension is the link between the body and wheels. Through it passed to the body forces acting on the wheel. The elements included in the suspension, soften dynamic loads, reduce body movements, provide good stability and smooth running of the car.
| Fig. 11.2. Front and rear suspension
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Front and rear suspension independent (Fig. 11.2). The design uses a combination of springs and shock absorber which is mounted directly on the steering knuckle. Lower arm front suspension is mounted to the steering knuckle. Attached to the lower arm stabilizer bar which is suitably bent bar made of spring steel. It works as follows: when cornering wheel located on the inner turning radius, moving away from the vehicle, the stabilizer is twisted. This arose elastic force now supports the shock absorber base, which is located at the outer radius of rotation, which, together with the springs increases the rigidity of the rack. The result of the stabilizer is a significant decrease in banks vehicle when cornering. If the vehicle is banked at a time, for example, braking, the stabilizer is not working.
| Fig. 11.3. Three-tier system of depreciation using the rack rails to change the damping action: 1 - actuator; 2 - stock; 3 - normal mode; 4 - Sport mode; 5 - stock; 6 - Valve
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Some models are also equipped with three-depreciation, which adjusts shock absorber damping manually or automatically (Fig. 11.3). This system is implemented by means of actuators installed on the top of the pillars which rail is rotated approximately 60 ?� to change the damping action. These models use gas-filled shock absorbers, while the models with non-regulated damping system using conventional sealed hydraulic shock absorbers. It is strictly forbidden to carry out welding and straightening work on the elements of the front suspension. Always replace self-locking nuts and bolts with traces of corrosion.
Check suspension Suspension elements usually work fine for a long time, except in cases of injury in accidents. However, suspension elements require periodic inspection for wear, which can lead to loss of control precision and driving comfort. Check that the suspension components are not sagged due to wear. Perform a visual inspection of the lack of changes in the suspension when the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Violations of the suspension is generally found only after a great run of the car and are more affected by the driver. Including transmission and brake the car a lay brake. Grip the steering wheel with both hands on the top and turn it left and right. Listen for any unusual sounds or noises metal. Check the free running of the steering wheel. Upon detection ask the assistant to rock the car until it is revealed the source of the fault. Check the shock because they are more likely than other suspension components are subject to wear. Typical warning signs of shock absorber failure, are as follows: - Long swinging body when driving on uneven road surfaces; - An increase in the bodywork when driving on uneven road surfaces; - An uneven and erratic movement of the wheels (bouncing) motion in a certain range of speeds, including cornering; - Deviation from the desired path of the vehicle during braking; - Unstable cornering and skidding car; - Increased tire wear, characterized by erasing the tread pattern; - The emergence of clicks and background noise while driving. Clicks and light strokes can be caused by other faults suspension, in particular the weakening of threaded joints, failure of the hub bearings or wear of constant velocity joints wheel drive shafts. If there were any signs of fluid leakage, shock absorbers must be replaced. Replacement of shock absorbers spend pairs on the same axle of a vehicle, except in cases when the failure occurred on a new car without sufficient mileage.
Anti-roll bar Lift the car and secure on stands. Remove the front wheels and mudguards. Unscrew the bolts to the stabilizer bar suspension arms.
| Fig. 11.4. Location of parts of the front anti-roll bar: 1 - anti-roll bar; 2 - support brackets and bushings; 3 - a bolt; 4 - a nut; 5 - lock and plug; 6 - sleeves, clamps and gaskets; 7 - mudguard; 8 - a bolt retainer and bushing
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| Fig. 11.5. Location details rear stabilizer bar 1 - a nut; 2 - the plug and lock; 3 - clamps, sleeves and lining; 4 - anti-roll bar; 5 - support brackets and bushings; 6 - a bolt; 7 - lock, bolt and bush
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Check all rubber bushings for wear or splitting, if necessary, replace them. Remove the rear stabilizer bar from the vehicle. The front anti-roll bar, remove the screws, remove the steering gear and stabilizer, gently moving it around the steering mechanism and remove the niche left by the wheels. Check all rubber grommets on the presence of hardened, wear and splitting, if necessary, replace them. Position the stabilizer bar. Make sure that the stabilizer is set so that the alignment mark sleeve on the left side of the vehicle.
| Fig. 11.6. Position and location of the support bracket and the mounting sleeve stabilizer bar: a - mark is white; b - to the front of the vehicle
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Insert the sleeve on the left side of the front stabilizer bar so that its end is aligned with a mark and a slit directed toward the front of the vehicle (Fig. 11.6). Install the mounting brackets and fix bolts, having tightened their demanded moment. Screw bolts and nuts at the end of the stabilizer and tighten them with the thread must act on the length of 25.0 mm after tightening the front stabilizer bar and 15.0 mm in length after tightening the rear stabilizer (Fig. 11.7).
| Fig. 11.7. The protrusion of the threaded portion of the bolt after fastening end of the stabilizer bar: A = 25.0 mm (for the front anti-roll bar)
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If you turn away bolts of fastening of the steering mechanism, screw them into place and tighten the demanded moment.
The lower arm For removal and installation of the bottom lever, proceed as follows. Lift the front of the car and secure on stands.
| Fig. 11.8. Fasteners lower arm front suspension: 1 - mudguard; 2 - nut retainer and the sleeve; 3 - bushings, clamps and seal; 4 - a bolt and a nut of fastening of the spherical hinge; 5 - dust cover ball joint; 6 - bolts and nuts stabilizer bar to the lower arm; 7 - the lower arm front suspension; 8 - grommet; 9 - the nuts and bolts of the lower arm to the frame
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If you removed only the lower arm, disconnect from it a connecting bolt stabilizer bar (Fig. 11.8). If you removed the two lower arm, remove the stabilizer bar. Remove the wheel (s) and mudguard (mud flaps). Remove the bolts arm sleeves to the bottom frame. Remove the ball joint nut to knuckle mount and disconnect the ball joint from the knuckle. Lower the bottom lever. Check all rubber grommets on the presence of hardened, wear and splitting, if necessary, replace them. Check the dust cover and ball joint for wear and damage. To replace the dust cover is necessary to use special equipment; In addition, we need certain skills in the work, so to do the job, take the lower arm in a specialized workshop. The ball joint can not be replaced separately from the lever. New sleeves can be installed using a vise, and suitable for the diameter of the tube or mandrel for pulling out the old bushings from the lever and installing new ones. When installing bushings using soapy water as a lubricant. Install the lower arm front suspension is carried out in reverse order of removal.
A WARNING The final nuts and bolts of the lower arm front suspension to the bottom of the frame is carried out after the vehicle has to stand on wheels. |
A rotary fist and a nave Lift the front of the vehicle securely on supports and remove the front wheel. Insert a screwdriver through the brake caliper brake disc, lock the hub from turning and remove the nut on the hub. When installing, use a new nut. Remove the caliper mounting bolts. Remove the bolts and nuts of fastening of a rack to a rotary fist. Remove the nut securing the tie rod to the steering knuckle. Stripper disconnect the tie rod end steering knuckle. Loosen the lock nut and bolts, disconnect the ball joint of the lower arm front suspension from the knuckle. Pullers for disconnecting the drive shaft Remove the knuckle and hub to the drive shaft. Inspect the steering knuckle for damage and corrosion, as well as the bearings for play, shortness of rotation or streaming fabulous material. To remove the hub from the knuckle and the press need to use special tools, so this work should be performed by a specialist workshop. Install the knuckle to the drive shaft, the lower arm front suspension and shock absorber base, tighten bolts and nuts, having tightened their demanded moment. Screw a new nut on the drive shaft and tighten it by hand. Dynamometer attached to the wheel studs, measure the initial time that you want to make hub for rotation with the drive shaft. Temporarily install the caliper. Insert a screwdriver through the brake caliper brake disc, lock the hub against twisting and torque tighten the nut on the hub. Re-measure the initial time that you want to make hub for rotation with the drive shaft. If the force exceeds 2 kg previously measured, check the condition of the bearing. If the starting time remains unchanged, drive nut fillet into the groove of the drive shaft. Insert ball rod end in a rotary fist and fix a nut, having tightened its demanded moment. Install the caliper and the wheel. Lower the car and tighten the nut torque.
Suspension strut Refitting Lift the front of the car and secure on stands. Remove the rack nuts to knuckle, and then remove one nut and bolt. In the engine compartment, remove the top casing of the rack. Remove the three-stage switch damper (if any).
| Fig. 11.9. Fasteners front shock absorber: 1 - a nut; 2 - the top support of a rack; 3 - mounting clamp brake hose; 4 - bolt and nut
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Remove the four nuts from the rack to the body (Fig. 11.9). Put labels for later combining top of the rack to the body. If it is necessary to disassemble the stand, loosen the nut on the stem, with the fix shock-absorber rod from rotating. Do not remove the nut completely. Remove the remaining bolt and nut base bolts, lower the rack down and remove from the vehicle. Check the rack for leaks of an amortization liquid damage dustproof covers and suspension springs. Installation is performed in reverse order of removal. Align earlier put labels when attaching the top of the rack to the car body. WARNINGS The spring has very big effort of compression, therefore use only very reliable tool. In no case do not connect a spring wire. When using the special adaptation for compression of springs securely capture and compress spring coils on opposite sides of the spring. |
Repairs Remove the front shock absorber. If there is clear and three-way control switch damping (actuator). Secure the front shock absorber in a vice with soft sponges and, using a special tool, compress the spring so that it is moved away from the top of the rack. When using the special adaptation for compression of springs watch, that spring coils were reliably grasped, spring compression and spend on opposite sides.
| Fig. 11.10. Elements of front shock absorber: 1 - a nut and washer securing the stem; 2 - the top support of a rack; 3 - the bearing; 4 - upper spring seat; 5 - a lining of a spring; 6 - dust cover; 7 - shock; 8 - Buffer compression stroke; 9 - Spring
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Lock key shock-absorber rod from turning and using a second spanner, unscrew the central nut securing the shock absorber rod (Fig. 11.10). Remove the stem from the top support strut shock absorber, bearing and upper spring seat. Remove spring with spring compressor. Remove the dust cover from the shock absorber and buffer compression stroke. If you want to install a new spring, gently, taking care to dissolve and remove the spring device to compress the spring, then compress a new spring. When installed on a vehicle axle springs must be used with the same specification (the same color coding). Check shock absorber for signs of leaks of the working fluid. Check the entire length of the damper rod on absence of pitting. Check the damper housing for mechanical damage. Install the shock absorber in vertical position and check his work, moving the shock-absorber rod to full stroke. In all cases, shock-absorber rod should move smoothly, with a noticeable resistance. If the shock-absorber rod moves in jerks or there are mechanical damage, shock absorber must be replaced. Assembling the shock absorber is carried out in sequence, return dismantling. The final tightening of the nut fixing the shock absorber rod after setting the rack on the car.
Three-stage damping control switches Check Open the hood and remove the rubber boot rack to gain access to the switches strut front suspension. Lock the rear wheels and apply the parking brake. Lift the front of the car and secure on stands. Start up the engine, ensure good ventilation and enable the transmission so that the speedometer shows the speed of 15 km / h or more.
A WARNING Eliminate the fall of the car with supports to prevent damage and / or injury. |
Ask the assistant to include damping control switches (on the dashboard). When you switch from the "Auto" to "sport" / "normal" actuator to rotate the damper piston rods of approximately 60 ?�. If none of the switches (actuators) is not working as expected, check the fuse or determine and correct place open in the wire, and then check the control unit. If defective, only one of the switches, wiring and check if it is OK, replace the switch. After the inspections, stop the engine and lower the car. Refitting Unplug the connector from the switch. Remove the screws and remove the switch from the top of the rack. Installation is performed in reverse order of removal.
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