Wheels and tires

Torques Nm

Front suspension

Nut Kit ..... 160-240

The upper strut nuts ..... 23-30

Nut shock absorber rod rack ..... 65-82

The lower the nuts and bolts shock absorber ..... 44-55

Bolts and nuts to the suspension ball joint ..... 44-55

The lower coupling bolts and nuts suspension arm ..... 95-119

Bolts braces stabilizer bar ..... 44-55

Rear suspension

The upper strut nuts ..... 22-27

Nut shock absorber rod rack ..... 56-82

The lower the nuts and bolts shock absorber ..... 95-119

Side thrust bolt ..... 61-75

Fixing the side thrust to the cross ..... 95-119

Fixing the side thrust to the rear hub bearing ..... 95-119

Fixing the longitudinal thrust to the body ..... 60-75

Fixing the longitudinal traction to the rear hub bearing ..... 55-69

Fixing the longitudinal thrust to the anti-roll bar ..... 32-47

Steering

Nut rod end ..... 30-45

Nut intermediate shaft ..... 18-27

Mounting the steering gear to the body ..... 32-47

Nut steering wheel ..... 40-50

Nuts / bolts of the steering column bracket ..... 16-23

Wheel nuts ..... 90-120

Overview

Cars equipped with radial tires. Do not install tires of different types, for example, radial and diagonal, one car, as it will negatively affect the behavior of the car on the road.

It is recommended to replace tires in pairs on the same axis. If you are replacing only one tire, make sure that the new tire had the same size, structure and tread pattern.

Since the tire pressure has a significant influence on the performance and wear, and check it on all tires at least once a month or before a long journey (tab. 11.1, 11.2). Check and adjust the pressure on cold tires.

Table 11.1

The pressure in the tires of cars with engines of 1.6 liters

Table 11.2

The pressure in the tires of cars with engines of 2.0 liters

Tires must be replaced when the tread depth has reached the minimum value of 1.6 mm. Tires contain wear indicators that appear in the form of strips arranged across the tread when the tire wear exceeds the maximum permissible (Fig. 11.1). Tire pressure and driving style affect tire life. Cornering at speed, too fast acceleration or deceleration, sharp braking increase tire wear. Badly worn tires very easily pierced and are particularly dangerous when operating in wet weather.

By the nature of the wear of the tire tread can identify the problems in maintenance or adjustment of the suspension and tires.

Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, rusted or corroded undergone, caved in, pass the air, in the case of elongated hole pin or if the wheel nuts are not tightened sufficiently reliable. Alloy wheels are particularly susceptible to corrosion and are easily scratched. If aluminum wheels gets salty or alkaline water, as soon as possible wash it, because the salt and alkali can damage the discs.

Wheel balancing is important in terms of overall performance and behavior of the car under braking. Unbalanced wheel adversely affect the behavior of the car on the road, reduce tire life. Every time a tire on a wheel balancing must be carried out in the workshop, the necessary equipment.

Some car models are equipped with a compact spare tire, which reduces the need for storage space in the trunk, and which is easier to handle due to low weight. The pressure in the spare tire check at least once a month. Compact bus is designed as a temporary replacement for the injured standard wheels. Continued use of a compact bus at speeds over 80 km / h is not recommended. In addition, the estimated life of the compact spare tire tread is 4,800 kilometers the car. The spare wheel is specially designed for your car model, so you can not use it on any other car. The diameter of the "chute" smaller than a standard wheel, so the ride height of the car is reduced by approximately 25 mm.

Changing wheels

Place the vehicle on a level surface, apply the parking brake and switch gear. On vehicles with manual transmission include a reverse gear on vehicles with automatic transmission, set the gear lever to the "parking".

Remove the wheel covers and loosen but do not remove the wheel nuts. Chocks lock the wheel located on a diagonal to the fact that you want to replace.

A jack of the vehicle, raise the vehicle until the wheels are off the ground.

Remove the wheel nuts.

Remove the wheel.

If you are replacing a worn tire, ensure sufficient clearance to ground to install the new tires and then install the wheel on the wheel studs.

Apply a little lubricant or diesel fuel on the thread of the wheel studs and screw nut, and the nut side of the cone must be directed to the wheel.

Lower the car so long until the tire touches the ground and the wheels studs Set in the center of the wheel openings.

Tighten the wheel nuts crosswise.

Lower the car and remove the jack.

Install the wheel covers.

Wheel alignment

Corners of installation of wheels - an important parameter in the operation of a vehicle, which greatly affects the stability of the car, tire wear and fuel consumption. There are the following wheel alignment.

Camber angle - the angle of inclination of the wheel relative to the road surface in a vertical plane. It can be positive if the wheels are inclined outwardly, or negative if the wheels are inclined inwardly. Camber mainly affects the lateral forces.

Toe - defined as halving the difference in distance between the front and rear wheel rim flange. Positive convergence means that the front wheels are located closer together than the rear, as measured at the height of the mid-point of the wheel. A negative convergence means that the front wheels are at a greater distance from each other than behind. Convergence affects the straightness of the vehicle and its control compensates for changes resulting kinematic suspension geometry under the influence of traction.

Shoulder stabilization - the distance between the contact point of the wheel and the point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the road wheel in a side view. It defines the value of stabilizing moment affects the stability and power steering when cornering.

The transverse inclination of the axis of rotation wheel - is the angle of inclination between the axis and the vertical knuckle through the point of fastening wheel when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. It has an impact on the strength of the control (steering response), along with other angles.

Due to the collapse of the angles and transverse axis tilt rotation point of contact with the road closer to the axis of the steering knuckle. Thus supported by so-called "shoulder running." The smaller "arm running", the easier it is to drive. Furthermore, impacts on the roughness of the coating is less transmitted to the steering system.

The longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation of the wheel. The axis about which the wheel rotates, is located in the space so that its lower part is inclined forward. Such corner of a longitudinal inclination is called positive. If a positive angle improves the spontaneous return of the wheels to the center position after turning.

Check and adjust the wheel alignment should be carried out at a workshop due to the need for sophisticated equipment.

Technical data