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REPAIR MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W203, 2000 issue)

general info. full specifications. diagnostics. hints. tips. tricks
Mercedes-Benz W203
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Mercedes-Benz
W203
Introduction
eleven Cars Mercedes-Benz C Class (W-203) - Abstract
The vehicle identification number
Acquisition of spare parts
Technology services, tools and the workplace equipment
Jacking and towing
Starting with an auxiliary battery
Automotive chemicals, oils and greases
Troubleshooting
Instruction Manual
Routine maintenance
Engine
Cooling and heating
The power supply system and release
Electric motor
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Automatic Transmission
Coupling and power shafts
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Troubleshooting



Description diagnostics of electronic control and diagnostic codes are listed in Chapter Electric engine.

This section provides the most simple scheme of finding the causes of malfunctions and failures occurring in knots and systems of the vehicle. Faults and their possible causes are divided into groups on the basis of the relationship to certain components or systems of a vehicle, such as the engine, cooling system, etc. In addition, the text provides links to chapters and sections that are relevant to these issues.

Keep in mind that the successful completion of the search to solve this problem is not a black magic, accessible only to experienced professional engineers, and is determined by a combination of specific knowledge and a patient, systematic approach to the problem. Always move from simple to complex, to bring each check to the logic end, and try not to miss the obvious fact - anyone can forget to fill fuel in the fuel tank or to leave for the night included lighting.

Finally, you should always try to make a clear picture of the problem and take appropriate steps to prevent recurrence. If an electrical failure occurred due to violation of the quality of contact, at the same time check the status of all other contacts, and the electrical connector system. If the same fuse repeatedly continues to blow, there is no sense in its further replacement - it is necessary to try to determine the cause of failure. Keep in mind that failure of a minor component can be a sign of malfunction of a critical node or an entire system.

Engine

If the engine does not start, it is necessary to analyze the situation. For the petrol engine could run at all, must be carried out two basic conditions. The cylinders should arrive fuel-air mixture and spark plug the spark should be generated. Therefore, firstly, it is necessary to check whether a fuel is fed. Refer to Chapter power supply system and release.

To determine whether the spark is produced, it should turn out candles, to insert into tips and separately to make weight. This tip or ignition cable do not hold hands, and use well-insulated pliers. Ask an assistant to start the engine. If there is no spark, refer to Chapter Electric engine.

Diagnostic procedures and electronic control system fault codes are listed in Chapter Electric engine.

Engine starting

Refer also to Section Driving and auxiliary systems.

All engines

- Manual transmission: Apply the parking brake, fully depress the clutch pedal and keep it. PPC set to neutral. Clutch release makes it easier to start the engine, especially at low ambient temperatures, as while there is no friction from the checkpoint.

- Automatic transmission: Set selector switch to position "P" or ?�N?�. Press the brake pedal and keep it.

Do not operate the starter more than 30 seconds continuously, otherwise overheat the starter motor and cables.


Gas engine

?� Turn the ignition key and turn the starter, without letting the gas. Once the engine starts, release the key. If for 5 seconds the engine is not started, press the gas pedal a little and repeat the start. If the engine does not start or stops immediately, repeat the run with a half-depressed gas pedal, and if necessary even with the launch of the accelerator pedal is fully depressed.
When the engine is hot gas pedal during start slowly squeeze.
?� Be sure to immediately begin to move only when the bitter cold, allow the engine to warm up for 30 seconds.

Unsuccessful, successive attempts to start the engine may cause damage to the catalytic converter, as it falls unburned gasoline and heating explode.


Diesel engine

- With cold engine: Turn the ignition and wait when the preheat indicator lamp goes out. Immediately after the warning lamp goes out, start the engine without letting the gas. If, however, when you start having irregular flashes, keep enabled the starter until (but not more than 20 seconds) until the engine starts to work independently. If you did not start the engine, turn the ignition key to the "0" and wait for about 30 seconds. Then again make preheat and start again as described above.

While Preheat made should not include powerful electric consumers, otherwise the battery unnecessarily overloaded.


Diesel engine with direct injection, usually requires the use of only a preheat at a temperature below 0 ?� C.


- On a warm engine Preheat is not required. Start the engine immediately, without giving gas.

The engine does not turn when you try to run

1. There is a corroded battery terminals or loose mounting on them of tips of wires. Check the condition of the terminals and lugs. Tighten the screw terminals if necessary, remove traces of corrosion.
2. Discharged or faulty battery. If tips of wires are found pure and reliably fixed to the battery terminal, turn the ignition switch to ON, then turn on the headlights and / or windscreen wipers. If the electrical equipment does not work, the battery is low.
3. Transmission inaccurately set to "P".
4. torn off in the circuit wiring system start or is loose wire on the terminals. Check the condition of the wires, terminals and connectors electric batteries, traction relay starter and ignition.
5. Gear starter jammed in the drive gear ring of the disc. Try to crank the engine for the crankshaft pulley. At the first opportunity, remove the starter and check pinion and ring gear.
6. Faulty starter magnetic switch (Chapter Electric motor).
7. Faulty starter (Chapter Electric motor).
8. Faulty ignition switch.

Engine cranks but does not start

1. Wrong is launched (Refer to the section Starting with an auxiliary battery).
2. Faulty or disconnected engine immobilizer.
3. Faulty fuse:

- Electric fuel pump;
- Electronic fuel injection system.
Regarding checking the fuses, refer to the Chapter body.
4. Empty the fuel tank is filled or poor quality fuel.
5. Very dirty air filter. There have been leaks in the elements of the vacuum air supply, a fault in the control fuel injection and ignition (Section Replacing the air filter of the engine).
6. The battery is low (the engine is turned too slowly). Check the operation of electrical equipment (refer to Section Automotive chemicals, oils and greases).
7. corroded battery terminal connections or loose their attachment (refer to Section Automotive chemicals, oils and greases).
8. Faulty fuel pump, it is blown fuse or damaged pump relay. Check on hearing the noise of the pump when the ignition (Head of the Power supply system and release).
9. Damaged or excessively moistened ignition system components (Chapter Electric motor).
10. Worn or faulty spark plug or wrong exhibited candle backlash (Chapter Electric motor).
11 is torn off or disconnect the wiring of the electric circuit of the system start-up or the wires are loose at the terminals (refer to the Automotive chemicals, oils and greases).
12. torn off or disconnected wiring circuit or the ignition coil is loose wire on the terminals of the coil (Chapter Electric motor).
13. Damaged fuse ECU faulty any of the sensors: Hall pulse sensor, coolant temperature sensor or an intake air (Chapter Electric motor).
14. Too low compression pressure. Replace the cylinder head gasket. If necessary repair the engine.

Diesel engine:

1. Wrong promoted the launch.
2. Faulty engine immobilizer.
3. Faulty fuse:

?� Electric fuel pump;
?� Systems of preheat.
4. The engine is cold: Check the operation of the unit preheat.
5. On the electromagnetic shut-off valve is no tension. Connect a voltmeter or a sampler switch on the LED. Turn on the ignition. The LED should light up. Otherwise, you need to find an open wiring and eliminate it.
6. Defective solenoid shut-off valve. Check the security of attachment of the electromagnetic switch, check the contacts. Turn on and turn off the ignition. The switch should be clicked.
7. There is a fault in the fuel supply line or air in the lines:

a) Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or clogged. Clean fuel pipelines and remove air from the lines and filter.
b) Fuel filter is obstructed. Replace the filter element.
c) In winter, you should check the filter and pipelines on ice or wax presence. Put the car in heated garage, add in gasoline.
d) Clogged ventilation tank or fuel standpipe strainer. Clean.
8. Shoot down adjustment of starting the fuel pump. Check to make adjustments.
9. Defective nozzle. Check. Unscrew the union nuts sequentially - when loosening nuts faulty cylinder engine turns will not fall.
10. Faulty fuel injection pump (pump). Set to test a new or known good pump.
11. Too low compression pressure. Replace the cylinder head gasket. If necessary repair the engine.

Starter functions without turning the engine

1. jammed starter gear. Remove the starter (Chapter Electric motor) and check its condition.
2. Worn or damaged gear teeth of the starter or flywheel.

Shortness of cold start

1. Discharged or insufficiently charged battery.
2. There is a component failure or electrical power supply system (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
3. The wax in the fine filter of the diesel engine. Replace the filter element. Fill winter fuel, or dilute the low-octane gasoline.
4. Faulty glow plugs of the diesel engine.

Labored start a hot engine

1. Blocked air filter (Head of the Power supply system and release).
2. There is a component failure or electrical power supply system (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
3. Fuel injectors reaches the injection system (Chapter power supply system and release).
4. knocked advance angle Fuel diesel engine.
5. Low compression in the cylinders, broken or misaligned fuel injection pump of the diesel engine.

The engagement of the starter is too noisy or with difficulty

1. Worn or damaged gear teeth of the starter or flywheel.
2. Lost bolts starter or weakened the force of tightening.

Engine starts, but immediately stalls

1. Faulty engine immobilizer.
2. Faulty wiring or loose mounting of the terminals of the coil or generator.
3. There is a fault component of the power supply system or electric equipment (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
4. violated the basic settings of the electronic control unit (ECM).
5. Damage in the exhaust system / catalytic converter.
6. We have the loss of vacuum through the sealing surface of the inlet pipe or the fuel injection unit. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Check the condition of hoses and correctness of their connection (that their nipples).

Violate the stability of the engine at idle

1. Have a leak in the intake air path. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Listen to the running engine with a stethoscope or a segment of the fuel hose. Have a hissing sound will allow to reveal the source of the "leak" of vacuum. No less efficiently you can use to check for a solution of soapy water.
2. There is a component failure or electrical power supply system (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
?� Serviceability of activation Faulty injector (Y62) and control the duration of the injection.
?� There have been leaks through an injector / injection diagram broken.
?� Dokatalitichesky defective oxygen sensor 1 (G3 / 3 or G3 / 4).
?� The level of the ignition voltage is insufficient.
3. Blocked valve system controlled crankcase ventilation (Chapter Engine).
4. Zaklin?�n or allow the leakage of the valve EGR.
5. Blocked air filter (Head of the Power supply system and release).
6. The fuel pump does not supply sufficient fuel to the injectors injection system (Chapter power supply system and release).
7. Have the leak through the cylinder head gasket. Measure the compression pressure in the cylinders of the engine.
8. Worn cam lobe camshaft (Head of Engine).

Diesel engine:

1. Disturbed quality of connections of fuel hoses on the fuel pump and the fuel filter. Replace fuel hoses, fix their collars, tighten screws of angular connections.
2. Mechanically damaged or weakened mount pump. Check the mount.
3. mixed up connection return line and fuel line. The compounds put into place. Screw connection return line is marked "OUT".
4. There is a fault in the fuel supply line:

a) Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or clogged. Clean fuel pipelines.
b) Fuel filter is obstructed. Replace the filter element.
c) In winter, you should check the filter and pipelines on ice or wax presence. Put the car in heated garage, add in gasoline.
d) Clogged ventilation tank or fuel standpipe strainer. Clean.
5. Shoot down adjustment of pumping fuel. Check to make adjustments.
6. Defective nozzle. Check. Unscrew the union nuts sequentially - when loosening nuts faulty cylinder engine turns will not fall.
7. Faulty fuel injection pump (pump). Set to test a new or known good pump.

There have been a misfire when the engine is idling

1. fouled or defective spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Chapter Electric motor).
2. There is a component failure or electrical power supply system (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
?� The level of the ignition voltage is insufficient; faulty air mass meter MAF (B2 / 5).
3. Faulty spark plug wires (Chapter Electric motor).
4. Fueled low-quality fuel. Clogged fuel filter.
5. We have the loss of vacuum in the intake pipe or the hose connections.
6. insufficient or unevenly distributed compression pressure in the cylinders. Measure the compression (Chapter Engine).
7. There have been irregularities in the engine management system.

There have been misfiring when the vehicle is in gear

1. Blocked fuel filter, or there is contamination of food (Chapter power supply system and release).
2. Defective or contaminated spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Chapter Electric motor).
3. There is a fault component of the power supply system or electric equipment (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
4. There is a defective spark plug wire (Chapter Electric motor).
5. Faulty components of systems of decrease in emissions.
6. insufficient or unevenly distributed between the cylinder compression pressure. Remove the spark plug and make a measurement of the compression pressure (Chapter Engine).
7. Faulty ignition system (Chapter Electric motor).
8. We have the loss of vacuum on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through vacuum hoses.

Engine stalls

1. Faulty adjustment of the idle speed.
2. Blocked fuel filter and / or the power supply system is wet or dirty (Head of the Power supply system and release).
3. There is a power failure or system component sensors (head power supply system and release).
4. Faulty components of systems of decrease in emissions.
5. Defective or contaminated spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Head Routine maintenance). Also check the condition of candle wires (Chapter Electric motor).
6. We have the loss of vacuum on the throttle or through vacuum hoses.

Engine does not develop full power

1. There is a component failure or electrical power supply system (the Head of the Power supply system and release and an engine Electric equipment).
?� Dokatalitichesky defective oxygen sensor 1 (G3 / 3 or G3 / 4).
?� Faulty coolant temperature sensor (ECT) (B11 / 4).
?� Faulty air mass meter (MAF) (B2 / 5).
?� Serviceability of functioning of the system violated the resonance control pressure fluctuations in the intake manifold; broken serviceability of functioning of system control detonation.
2. obstructed air cleaner. Clean or replace.
3. Faulty spark plug or spark plug gap is incorrectly set (Head Routine maintenance).
4. Faulty ignition coil (Chapter Electric motor).
5. Does not meet the level of liquid AT (Head Routine maintenance).
6. The clutch slips (Head Coupling and power shafts).
7. Blocked fuel filter and / or power system hit the dirt / moisture (Head of the Power supply system and release).
8. refueled the wrong sort. Fill the fuel tank with the required octane.
9. Damaged control valve of the turbocharger.
10. Faulty actuator camshaft phase shift timing.
11. violated patency tr?�hfunktsionalnogo catalytic converter (TWC).
12. Inadequate or uneven compression pressure in the cylinders. ?????????�???�?????�?� ???�???�???�?????� ???????????�????????, ?�???�?�???� ???�?�???�???�?�?�???? ?????�?????????? ?????�?????�???�?� ???�???????�?? ???�?�???�???� ???�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?????? ??/???�?? ???�???????�?????� ???�?????�?�???�???????�?? ?????????�?�?????? ?????�???????? ?�???�???????????? (?�?�?�???� ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ).

Additionally, the diesel engine

1. obstructed air cleaner. Clean or replace.
2. ???�???�?????????�?????�?? ???????�?�?� ?�?????�?????� ?????�?� ???? ?�???�?????????�??. ???�???�?????�?????????�?� ???� ???????????�?�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?�.
3. ???�?????�?????�?????? ?????�?�???????�?�?? ???????�???� ???�?�?�?�?� ???????�?�?? ?�?????�?????� ?????�?�. ?????�?�?????????�?�.
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2. ???�???????�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???? ???�?�???�?????�???�?� ???�?? ?????�?????? ???�?�?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?�???�?? (?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???????????�???? ???�?�???? ?�?�?�?�???�?? ???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????� ???� ?????� ???�???????�?�?????????? ???????????????? (?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
4. ?�?�???�???�?�???? ???� ???�?�?????�?�?????�?�?� ?�???�?�???�???�?? ?�???? ?�?�???????� (?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
5. ???�???????�???� ???�?? ???????????? ???�???�?�???? ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?�???�???????????????????� ?�?�?????????????? ???????�?????� ???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????� ???????????????? ???� ???�?�?????�?� (?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
6. ?????????�?????� ?�?�???�???�?????� ???�?�???�???????????????????? ?????�???�?�?� ???????�???????????? ???�?�?�???? ???�???�?�?�?�?�???�?�???????? ?�?�?�?�???�?�?? ?�?????� ???� ???�?????? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?�???�?? ???�?�???�???????�?????????????�??????).
7. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???????�???�???????? ???�?�?�???� ?�?�?�?�???�??.

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?�?????????? ???� ???�?????�?� ?????? ?????�?�???�?�?????? ???�???????�????


1. ?????�?�?�?�?�?? ?????????????????? ???�???�????. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�???�?�?�?? ???�?????????????? ???�??????.
2. ?????????�?�???�?????� ???�???????????? ?????�?�?�. ???????????�?� ???�???�???�?�???? ?? ???????�???????�?� ?????????????????? ???�?� ???�???�???�?�?????� ???�?�????. ?�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ???????�???�???????�?? ?????????� ???� ?????�?�?�?�?�????, ?�?? ?????????�?�???�?????�, ???�?? ?????�?????�??, ?? ???�???????????? ?????�?�?�.
3. ?????????�?�???�?????� ???�?????�???�?????� ???�???????�?�??????/???�???�???�?�?????�. ???�?????�?????????�?� ???????????? (D+) ?? ???�???�?�?????? ???�?????????� ???�???�???�?�?????� ?? ?????�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�. ?�???�?? ?�?�???�???? ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???� ?�?�???????�?�?�????, ???�?????????�?????????�??, ???�?? ?????�?????�??, ?? ???�?????�???�?????� ???�???????�?�?????? ???�?? ?? ???�???�???�?�?????�.
4. ???�?????? ?�?�?�????. ?�???�???�?�?????? ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�????, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�.
5. ?????????�?�???�?????� ???�?????�???�?????�. Check and replace if necessary.
6. ?????????�?�???�?????� ???�???�???�?�?????�. Check and replace if necessary.
7. ?????????�?�???�?????� ?????????????� ???�?�???? ???�???�???�?�???????? ?? ???�?????�???�???????? ???�???????�?�??????.
8. ?????????�?�???�?????� ?�?�?????� ???�???�?�?? ???????�????????.

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?�?????????? ???� ?�?�???????�?�?�???? ?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????


1. ???�???�???????�?�?� ???�?? ?????�?? ???�???�?�???? ???�???�?� ???� ???�?????? ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???� ???�???�?�?? ???????�???????? (?�?�?�???� ?�?????�???????� ???�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ).
2. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�???�?�???? (?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???� ???�?�?�?�?????? ???�?�?�?�, ???????????????? ???????�???? ?�?�?????� ???????�?????????? ?????????? ???�?? ???�?�???????� ?�?�?????� (?�?�?�???� ?�?????�???????� ???�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ).

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?�???????� ?????????� ???????�?� ???�???�???�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????


?�???????� ???????�???�?�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�, ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????????????? ???�?�?�??.

???�?�???�?�??

?�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ???� ?????????????�?�?????�?�?�, ?????�?�?�?�?� ???�?�?????�?� ?????????�?????�??, ?�?�???�?� ???� ???�?�?????� 50 ?�?????????????? ???�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ???�???�?�???????????� ???�???????�?�?????� ?????????????? 10 ?�. ?�???�?? ???�???????�?�?????� ?????�?� ???�?????? ?�???�?�?�??????, ???�?�?????�?� ?????????�?????�?? ???? ???�?�???� ?????????????�, ???�???????�???� ?? ???????�???? ?�?????� ???�?�???�?�???�.

?????�?�?�?�?�???�?�?� ?�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????? ?????�?????? ???�???????�?�?????? ?�?�?�?�???�??, ?????�???? ?????????�?????�?? ???�?�???????�???? ???�???�?�????.

?� ???� ?????�???�?�?? ???�???�???�?�??, ?????�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�.
?� ?�?�?????????�?� ???�?�?????� 30 ?? 50 ???�?�???�?�???� ???????????????? ???�?�?�?????? ?????????????? 4 ???? 2 , ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?�?�???�?� ?? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? .

?�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ???�?�???�?�?�?� ?�?�?�???????�?�????, ???????�?????? ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???�?�?????�?� ???????�?�?? ?? ?????????????�?� ?? ???�?�???�?�????. ?�???�?? ???�?�???�?�?? ???� ?�?�???�?�???�?�?�?�, ?�???? ???�?�?????�?� ?????????�?????�?? ?? ???????�???? ???????�??????????.

?????�???????� ?????????�??????: ?� ???�???�?�?� ?????????�???�?�?????? ?????????????� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?�?????????? ?�?�?????�???�?�???� ?? ???� ?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?? ?????????�?�???�.

???�?�???�?�?? ???� ?????�?�?�?�?�???? ?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ?�?�?????� ?�?�?�?????�??????

1. ?�?�?�?????�?�???� ?�?�?�?�???�??. Charge the battery.
2. ?�?�?????????�?� ???�?�?????� 30 ?? 50 ???�?�???�?�???�: ???�?�???�?�?? ?????�?�?�?�?�????. ???�???�?? ?????????????� 50 ?? ?�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????, ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�???�. ?????�???�?????�?� ???�???�??, ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�?�???�???�?� ???�?�?�?�??.
3. ???�???�?? ???�?�?�?�?? ???�?? ???�?�???�???� ???�?????�, ?�?�?�?�???�?? ???�?�?????�?�???�. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?�???�???� ?�?�?�?�???�??, ???�???�?????�?� ???�???????�?�?????� ?�?�?�?�???�??, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�?????????�?�.
4. ???�???????�?�?�???�?????� ???????�???�???�?????� ?�?????� ?????�?�?????�?????� ?????�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ???�?? ?????????�?�?????�?� ???�?�???�??????. ???�?????�???�?� ?????�?????� ?? ???�?�?????� ?�?�?�?�???�??, ?????????�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ???�?�???? ?�?�?�?�???�?�??, ???�?�???�?�?????? ?? ???�????????.
5. ???�?????�???�?????�?� ???�???????�?�?????� ???� ???�?�?????� 50 ?�?????????????? ???�?�?�. ???�???�?? ?????????????�, ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�???� ???�?????????�???�??.

???�?�???�?�?? ?????�?�?�?�?�???? ???�???�?�?????? ?? ???� ?????????????�?�?????�?�?� ?????�?�?????�?�


1. ?�?�?�?????? ?�?�?�?�???�??. Charge the battery.
2. ?�?�?�???�?? ?�?�?�???�?� ???�???�??. Fill multigrade oil.
3. ???�???????�?�?�???�?????� ???????�???�???�?????� ?�?????� ?????�?�?????�?????� ?????�?�?�?�?�?????�?� ???�?? ?????????�?�?????�?� ???�?�???�??????. ???�?????�???�?� ?????�?????� ?? ???�?�?????� ?�?�?�?�???�??, ?????????�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ???�?�???? ?�?�?�?�???�?�??, ???�?�???�?�?????? ?? ???�????????.
4. ???????�?????�?� ?�?�?�???? ???� ???????�?�???�???� ?? ?????�?�?�???�??????, ?�?�?�???�???� ?? ???�?????�???�?????�???�, ???�???????�???�, ???�?????�???�, ?�?�???�???�?�???� ???�?? ?�?�???????�???�???�. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�????, ???�?????�???�?� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???�.
5. ???�???????�?�?�???�?????� ???�?????�?????????� ???�?�???? ?�?�?�???�???? ?? ?????�?�?�???�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�?�???? ?? ???�?????�???�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???� ?�?�?�????.
6. ?????�?�?�???�???? ?? ?�???????�?????�?� ???�?? ???�???????�?� ?? ?�?�???�???�???�????. ???�???�?�???�?�???�?� ?????�?�?�???�???? ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ??????????.
7. ???�?????�???�?????�?� ???�???????�?�?????� ???� ???�?�?????� 50 (??????. 8 ?�). ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�???� ???�?? ?�???????????� ???�?�?�.
8. ?�?�?�?�???� ??????????????????. ?????????�?????�?� ??????????????????, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�.
9. ???�?????????�?????? ?�???????????� ???�?�?�. Replace magnetic switch.

???�?�???�?�?? ???�???�?�?�???�?�?� ?? ?????�?�?�?�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???�?????�????


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???????????? ???�???�?�??????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????????? ???�???�?�??????.
2. ???�???�?�?????? ?�?�???????�???�???�. Clean the gear.
3. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�?� ???�?�?????????�. ???�???�?�???�?�???�?� ?�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�?�, ?�???�?? ?�???�?�???�?�????, ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�????????.

???�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?�???� ???� ???�?�???????� ???� ???�???�?�


1. ???????????? ???�???�?�?????? ???�?? ???�?�???�?� ?�?�???????�???�???� ???�?? ?????????�?�???�???�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????????? ???�???�?�??????.
2. ???�?????????�?????? ?�???????????� ???�?�?�. Replace magnetic switch.
3. ?�???�?????�?�???�?? ???????�?????� ?????�?�?�?�?� ???�?? ???�?�???????�?�?�????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�?????�?�?????? ???????�??????.

???�?�???�?�?? ???????????�?�?�?�?� ???�?�???�?�?�?? ???????�?� ???�?????????�?????? ???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�??????


1. ?????????????� ???�?�?� ?�?�?�?�??, ???� ???�???�???�?�?�?�????. ?????�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�, ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�???????????� ???�?�?�.
2. ???� ???�???�???�?�?�?�???? ?�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????. ?????�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?�???�??, ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????.

???????�?�???� ???�?�???�?????????????? ???????�???�?�??????

?????�???????�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�???????� ?? ???�?�???? ???????????�???�


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�?? ECT (?�11/4).
2. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�?�?? ???�?????� ?????�?????�?� MAF (?�2/5).
3. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???? ???????????????? ?????�???????????? ?�???�???�?�.

???????????�?�?�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�?�???????� ???� ???�?�?????� ???????????�???�, ?�???�?? ???????�???�?? ???�???�???? ?�?????�?????�


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???????�?�?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?�?????�???�-?�?????? 1 (G3/3 ???�?? G3/4).
2. ?�?�???�?????�?? ?? ???�?????�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?? ???????�???�?�?????? ?????????????????? ?�?????????�?�???� (Y58/1).

?�???????�?�?�?�?? ???�?????�?�?�


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�?�?? ???�?????� ?????�?????�?� MAF (?�2/5).
2. ???�???????�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???? ???�???????�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????; ???�?????????�???�?? ???????�?�?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?�?????�???�-?�?????? 1 (G3/3 ???�?? G3/4).

?�?�?�???�?????????�?? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?�?????�?�?�???�?�???�?? (?�??) ???�???�???�?� ?? ?�???�?????????�?? ???�?�????


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?�???�???????�?�?? ???????????�?�?????????? ?�???�?�?�?????? ?? ???�?�?�?????� ?????�???�?�?????? ???�???�?�?? (?�37).
2. ???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?�???�???????�?�?? ?????????�?????�?�?�?????????? ?????�?????????�???� ???�?�???�?????????????? ???????�???�?�?????? ?�?????�?�?�???�?�???�??/?�?�?????????�?�?�?�/???????�?�???� ???�?�?�???�???�?�?�???? ???�???????�???? ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????� (?�??/????/ISC).

Power system

?�???�?�???�???�?? ???�???�???? ?�?????�?????�


1. ?�?�???????�???�?? ???�?? ?�?�?�?�?????????????�?? ???�?�???�???� ?????�?????????????? ?�???�???�???� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�?????? ?? ???�?????????� ).
2. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???�?????????�?????????�?? ?????????????�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�??????, ???�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????? ???�?? ???�?�???�?????????????? ???????�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�?????? ?? ???�?????????� ?? ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ???�?�?�???? ?? ???????�?�???� ???????????� ?????�?????�?�.
4. ?????????�?�???�?????? ???????�?�???� ???�?????????�/???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?????????? ?????�???�???�?�?????�?�?�?�??.
5. ???�???????�?�?�???�???? ???�???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?� ???�?? ?????�?�???????�?�???� ???????� ???� ?�?????? ???�?�???�???�.

Diesel engine

1. ?�?�???????�?????� ?????�?????�?�???????? ?�?????�???????????????�. Blow air return line from the fuel pump to the fuel tank.
2. ???�?????????? ???�?????????� ???�???????�?� ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????� ?? ???�?????????�?�?????�?� ???�???????�?�. ???�???�?????�?????????�?�.
3. ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�?� ???�?�?�?????�?�???????� ?????????�?�???�??????. Check the compression, if necessary, repair the engine.

?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?????�?????� ??/???�?? ?????�???????�?�?� ?�?�???�?� ?�?�???�?????�


1. ?????�???�???? ???�?�?�???? ?? ?�?????????� ???????�?�?? ?�?????�?????� ???�?? ???�???�???�???�?????????�?� ?�?????????� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�?????? ?? ???�?????????� ).
2. ???�???�?????�???�?? ?�?????�???????�?? ?�?�??. Refuel only until automatic shut-off gun.
3. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???�?? ???????�???�?????? ???� ?�???????? ???????�?�???� ?????�?�?????? ?? ???????�?�?????? ?�?????????�???????�?? ???�???�?�???�?�???????� ???�?�???? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�?????? ?? ???�?????????� ).

The engine does not start

1. ?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???�?�???� ???�?�???�?????�?�???????? ?�?????�???????�?? ???�?????? ???� ???�?�???�?�?�?� (???� ???�?�?????? ???????� ???� ???�?�???�?�). Lightly tap the pump housing to release the jammed item. ?????????�?????�?�, ?????????�?�???�???�?�?�???? ?�?? ?? ???�???????? ???�???????�?�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�?????????�?? ?????�?????�???�?????�?�?�??. Check the electrical contacts on good conductivity.
2. ???�?????????�?????? ???�?�?� ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�. Check the relay.
3. ???�???????�???� ???????�?�?� ?????�?�?????? ???� ECM (N3/10); ???�?????????�?????� ???????�?�???� ?�???�???????�?�?�???? ?????????�?�?�?? (DAS).
4. ?�?�?�?????�?? ???�?�???�???� ?????�?�???�????????. Check the injectors and replace if necessary. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�?�?? ???�???????�?�?????? ???� ?????�?�???�?????�. ?�?�?? ???�?????? ???�?????�?�???????�?� ???�?�???�?? ?????�?�???�????????. ???????????�?????????�?� ?????????????? ???????�?????�???????? ?�?�?????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ?????�???�???�?� ???�?�???�?�??. ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ?????�?�???� ???????�?�??.
5. ???�???????�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???? ???�???????�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????. There is no signal from the sensor plugs Hall or the coolant temperature sensor. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�?????�?�???????� ?????????????�. ?????????�???�?????�?� ?????????? ???�?????�?? ???�?????????�?????????�?�??.
6. ?????????�?�???�???�, ?�?�???????�???� ???�?? ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ?�?????�???????�?� ?�?????�???????????????�, ?????�???�???? ???�?�?�???�?� ???�?�????????.
7. ?�?�???????�?? ?�?????�???????�?? ?�???�???�??.
8. ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ?????????????�?? ???????�?�???�. ?????????�???�???�?�?�???? ?????????�?????�?�?�?????�?? ?????�?????�.
9. ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?? ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ???�???????????�?� ?�?????�???????????????�.
10. ?????????�?�???�?? ???�?????�???�???? ???�???�?�??????. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?�?�???�?????� ???�???�?�?????�.
11. ?????????�?�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�????????.
12. ???�?????�???�?????�?� ?????�?�?????� ?�?�?????� ???�?�???�?????????????? ???????�???�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�??.
13. ???�?�???�???� ?�?????� ???�?? ?????????� ?? ?�???�???�???� ???�?? ?�?????�???????????????�?� ?????�?�?�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??.
14. ?�?�?�???�?� ???�???�???�???�???? ?�?????�???????????? ?�?�???�, ?�???�???�?? ?? ?�?�???� ?�?�???????�??.
15. ???� ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???�?? ???� ???? ???????�?� ?????????�???�???�?? ?????�?????�???�?� ?????�?�?�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??.
16. ?????????�?�???�?? ???�?�???�?? ???�???�?�???? ?�?????�?????� ?????�?�?�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??.
17. ???�???� ???????�???� ???�?�?�?�?� ???????�?�?? ?�?????�?????�.
18. ?????????�?�???�???� ?�?????????????? ?????�?�?�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??. ???�???�???????�?� ???? ???�?�???�???? ???�?????????�?� ???�?????? ?? ?????????�?????�?�, ???�?�???�?�?�?� ?�?? ???????�???�?�???�???????�???? ?�???�????????.
19. ???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?�.
20. ???�???????�???� ???????????�???????? ?????�?�?????�?????� ?�???�?�???�?????????? ?????�?�???�?�?????? ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?�.

?????�???????�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?�???? ???�???�??, ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???�?????�?????�??????


1. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???? ???????????????? ?????�???????????? ?�???�???�?�.
2. ???�???????�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???? ???�???????�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????.
3. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�?? ECT (?�11/4). Check sensor.
4. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�?�?? ???�?????� ?????�?????�?� MAF (?�2/5).
5. ???�???????�???� ?????????�?????????�?? ?�???�?????�?�???? ?????�?�???�?????� (Y62) ?? ???????�?????�?? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???????�?????�.
6. ???????�???�?�?????� ???? ???� ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???�?�?????�????????. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�?�?????� ???? ?? ?�???�?????�???? ?�????.
7. ?�?�???�?�?????� ?�?????�?????� ???� ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???�?�???�???????? ?�???�?�?�??????. ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????� ?�?????�?????�.

???�???�?�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?�???? ???�???�??, ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???�?????�?????�??????


1. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???? ???????????????? ?????�???????????? ?�???�???�?�. Check the intake system. To do this, leave the engine running at idle and cover places of seals and connections on the intake tract gasoline. If the number of turns for a short time increase, eliminate leaking place. ?�?�???�?�?�?????�: ???�???� ?�?�???�?????� ???????????�?�, ???� ?????�?�?�???�?� ???�.
2. ???�???????�???� ?????????�?????????�?? ?�???�?????�?�???? ?????�?�???�?????� (Y62) ?? ???????�?????�?? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???????�?????�.
3. ?????????�?�???�?? ???�???�?�???�?? ???�?�???�?? ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�.
4. ???�?�?�???? ?? ?�?????�?????????? ???????�?�???�.
5. ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�?????� ?�?????�?????� ?? ???????�?�???� ?????�?�??????.
6. ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???????�?�???� ???�?�???�?????�?????? ???�?????? ?�?????�?????�.
7. ?�?�?�???� ???�?? ???????� ?????�?????�?�???�?? ?�?????�?????????????????? ?? ?�?�????.

?�???????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�?�?� ?? ???�???�?�????????

1. ?�?�?�???�?????�?�???????� ?????�???????�?????? ?? ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????? ?????�???? ???� ?????�???�???? ?????�???�???�???�????. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�?????????� ???�?�???�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ?? ???�?�???�?????? ???�?�???�?????�?�???????� ???????????????? ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�, ???�???�?????�?�?�?? ?????�?????� ?????�?????�?� ?? ???�?�?� ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�. Check the fuse and place pins on the fuel pump relay. Clean the contacts, if necessary replace.
2. ?????�?????� ???�?�?�???�???? ?�?????�?????�, ???�???�?�?????�?????� ???�???????�?� ???????�????. ?�?�?????�?????�?� ???�?�?�???�???�???????� ?�?????�??????.
3. ???�?????????? ?????�?????? ???�???�?? ???????�?�?? ?�?????�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�?????????�?�?�?????????�?? ???�???????�.
4. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?????�???????�?? ?�???�???�??. Replace the fuel filter.
5. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?????�???????�?? ???�??????. Check the fuel pump.
6. ???�?????????�?????� ?????�?�???�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?????�.
7. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?????�???�-?�??????, ???�???????�?????? ?? ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�???�?????? ?????�???? ???�?? ???�?????�???�?????�?� ?????????????�?? ?�?????�???�-?�???????�.
8. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�????????. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�????????.
9. ?????????�?�???�?? ???�?????????????? ?????�?�?�???�???? ???�?? ???????�?????�?? ?�?????�?� ???????�?�???� ???�?????????� (?????�???�???? ???�?�?�???? ???�?�?�???????�?� ???�?�????).
10. ?????�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????� ?�?????�???????�?� ???�?�???????? ?? ?????�?� ?? ?�?????�???????????? ?�???�???�???? ?????�?�?�?????????? ?????????�?�?�?�??.
11. ?????? ???????????�???????�?????? ???�???�?????�?�???� ???�???�?�???? ???????�???�???? ?? ?????�?????�?�???�?? ?�?????�???????????????� ?????�?�.

?�???????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�?�?� ?? ???�???�?�???????? ???� ???�???�?�???????�?� ???�?�?????�?� ?? ???�?�?????� ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????�


1. ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ???????�?�???� ???????????� ?????�?????�?�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ???????????????? ???????�?�???�. ?�?�???????�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?????�?�???�?� ?�?�???�???????? ???�???�?� ???????�?�???�?� ?? ?????�???????�?????? ???? ?????�???�???�???�?�?? ?�???�???�?�. ?�???�?? ???�???????�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�?????????�???�?????? ?????�?�???�?????�???�????, ?????�???�?????�?� ???�???�?????�?�???�???????�??.
2. ???�???�?????� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?????�???�???? ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????�, ???�?�?�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�????????, ?�?????�???�-???�?????�????????????.
3. ?�?�?�?�???? ?????�?????? ???�???????�???? ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?? ???�???�?????? ???�???�?????�?????????�??. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�?�???? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�????????.

?�???????�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???� ?�?�?????????�?�?�????


1. ???�???�?????�?? ???�?????�???????????� ???????�???�?�?????? ????. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�?�?????� ???? ?? ?�???�?????�???? ?�????.
2. ???�?????????? ???�?????????� ???�???�?�?????� ?? ?�?????�?????????? ???????�?�???�. ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�?????� ?�?????�?????�, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?????�???�???? ???�???�?�??????.
3. ?�?�???????�?? ???�?? ???????????� ?????�?????�?�???�?? ?�?????�?????????????? ???�?�???? ???�?????�???�???????? ???�???�?�?????? ?? ?�?????�???????�?? ?�?�??????. ???????�?????�???�?� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????�??????????????.
4. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�??. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�?�???? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�.
5. ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?�??????. ?????????�???�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?????�?? ?????????�?? ?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ?? ???�?�?�???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?�???�?????�?�?????????? ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�. ???????�???????�?� ?????� ?????�???????�??????..
6. ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ???????�?�???� ???????????� ?????�?????�?�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????� ?????�???????�?????? ???????????????? ???????�?�???�.

?�???????�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???????�?� ???�???�???�?�??????


1. ???�???�?????�?�???�???� ?????�?�???�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?�???�?????�.
2. ???� ?????�?�?�???????? ?????????�?�?�?�?� ???� ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???�?�???�?? ???�???�?�???? ?�?????�?????�.

Lubrication system

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???� ?????????� ???????�?� ?????�???�?�?????? ?�?�?�?????�??????


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?�. ?�???�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�, ???�???�???�???�?� ???????????? ???� ???�?�?�?????� ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?� ?? ?�?�?????????�?� ???� ???�??????. ?�???�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?�?????????�????, ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�?�????.
2. ???� ???�?�?�???? ???� ???????�?�?�???? ???�???????�?�?????�, ???????�?�???�?� ?????????????????????�???�. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�?????�?�???????� ?????????????� ?? ???????�?�???�?�.
3. ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???�?????????�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�?????�???????? ?�?�??????.
4. ???�?????????�???�?? ???????�???? ???????�???�?�??????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�???? ???????�???�?�??????.

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???� ???�?????�?� ???????�?� ?�?�?????????� ?????????�?�?�?�??


???�???�?? ???�???�?????�?�??. ?�?�?? ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???�?????�?� ???????�?� ???????�?�?? ???�?�?�, ???�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�???? ???� ?�???�?�???�?�????.

???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???� ???�?????�?� ???????�?� ???????�?�?? ???�?�?� ???�?? ?�?�???????�?�?�???? ???? ?????�???? ???????�?�??????


1. ?�?�???�?�?????� ???�???�?� ???�?????????? ?????�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�???? ???�???�?�, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?????�?�???�?�. Check the oil pressure.
2. ???????????? ?? ???�?�?�?????? ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?� ?????�?�?� ?????????�?????� ?�?�???�???�?????� ???� ???�??????. ???�???�???�???�?� ???�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�?�?�?????� ?? ???�???�?????�?� ?? ???�?????????? (???� ?�?�???�???�?? ???� ???�??????), ?????�???�???�?� ?�?�?�?????�?????�. ?�???�?? ?�?�?????� ?�?�?????????�????, ?????????�?????�?� ????????????.
3. ?�?�?�?�???? ???�???�?�?????? ???�???�?� ???�?????????�???�??. Replace the sensor.

???�?????????? ?????�?????� ???�???�?�?????� ???�???�?� ???� ?????�?� ???�???????�?�?�


1. ?� ?????????�?�?�?�?� ???�?????????? ???�?�?? ???�???�?�. Add oil.
2. ?�?�???????�?? ???�?�?�?�?�?�?? ?�???�???�??. ???????????�?� ???????????? ???�???�?�???�, ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?�?�?�?�?? ?�???�???�??.
3. ???�???????�?? ???�???�?????�?? ???�??????. ???????????�?� ???�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ?? ?????????�?????�?� ?�????, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�.
4. ?????????�?�???�?????? ??????????????????????. ???????????�?� ?????????�?�?�?�??.

???�?????????? ?????�?????� ???�???�?�?????� ???�???�?� ???� ???�?�?�?� ???�???????�?�?�


Pressure relief valve stuck in the open position due to contamination. ???????????�?� ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�??.

???�?????????? ???�?????????� ???�???�?�?????� ???�???�?� ?????? ?�?????�?� ???�???????�???? ???�???� 2000 ???�/??????


Pressure reducing valve does not open due to contamination. ???????????�?� ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�?�???�??.

Cooling system

???�???�?????�??


1. ???�???????�?�?�???�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�?? ?? ???????�?�???� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
2. ???�???????�?? ???�?? ?????????�?�???�?? ?????????????????? ???�???�???? ???????????????? ???�???????� ???�?? ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???? ???�?�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ?? ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ?�?�?�?�?????????????�???� ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�?� ???�?????�?�?????� ???�?? ?�?�???????�???�???� (???�???�?????�?�?�) ???�???�?�???� ???�?????�?�?????� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
4. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
5. ???�?????�???� ???�?? ?�???�???????�?� ?�?????�???�?? ???�???�???�???�?????� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
6. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�?�????-???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?????�. ?????????�?????�?�: ?????? ?�?�???�???�?????? ?????�??????-?�?�?�?�?????? ?? ?????�??????-?�?�?�?????? ???????????????? ???�?�?�?????� ???�???�???�???�???? ?????�?�?�?? ?�?�???�?�???�?�?�?? ???� ?????�?????????????? ?????????????�??.
7. ???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??. Check sensor.
8. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?????? ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??. ???????????�?� ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�??????.
9. ???� ???�???�???� ???�???�?�?????� ?????�?????� ???�?????�?�?????�. ?????????�???�?????�?� ?????????�?????? ?????�?????? ?????? ???�???�?�?????�??.

???�???�???�?�?�?�???�?????�


1. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
2. ???�?�???�???� ???????�?�?�?????? ???�???�?????�?�?�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�.

?�???�???????� ???�?�?�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??


1. ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?? ???�?�???????�???� ?? ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ???�?�???�?????? ???�?�?�?????�?�?� ???�?�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?? ?????�???�?�?????� ???� ???� ???�???�?�???�?�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�?????? ??/???�?? ???????�???????�?� ?�???????�?� ???� ?????�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
2. ???????????�?�???� ???�?�?????????? ???????????????? ???�???????�. ?� ???�???? ???�???�?�?� ???�?�?�?????�?�?�?? ?�?????�?� ?????�???�?????? ?�?�???�?� ???????�?????�???????� ???�???�?????�???� ?? ?????????????� ???�???????� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
3. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ???� ???????�???�???????� ???�???�?�???? ???�?????�?�?????� ???�?? ?�?????????????? ???�?�?�???????�???�(????). ?????�?�???�?�???? ???�???????� ???�?????�?�?????�.
4. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?� ???�?????????? ???????�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (?�?�?�???� ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ) ???�?? ???�?�???????�?� ???????�???? ???????????�?� ???�?�?�???�?? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).

?�?????�???�???????� ???�?�?�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??

Internal coolant leaks are usually detected by checking the state of the motor oil. Inspect the blade of the probe and the inner surface of the cover (covers) of cylinders on presence of traces of water and foaming oil.

1. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?� ?????????�?�?????? ?????�???????? ?�???�????????????. Inspect the cooling system pressure.
2. ?????�???�???? ?�???�?�?????� ???� ?�?�?????�?�?� ?�???�???????????? ???�?? ?? ?�???�???� ?????�????????. ?�?�?? ?????????�?????? ???�?�?�?�?????�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? (?�?�?�???� ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ).

???????????�???????� ?????�?�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??

1. ?� ???????�?�???? ?�?�?????�???�?�???? ???�?????????? ?????????? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�?? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
2. ???�?�?�?????�?�?�?? ???�???????�?�?� ?? ???�?�???�???�?�?�?� ???�???�?????�???� ?????????�?�?�?�??.
3. ?????�???� ???�???�?? ???????�???�???????� ???�?? ?????�???????� ???�?�?�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??.
4. ???�?????????�?????� ?????�?????� ???�?????�?�?????�. Check the pressure cap.

???�???????�???� ?�?????????�???�???? ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??


1. ???� ?�???????�?????????????�?� ?????�?�???�?? ???�???�?�???? ?????????????? ???�??????. ???????�?� ?????�???? ?????????�?????�?????�?????? ?? ?�???????�???????????????�?????? ???�???????�, ???�???�?�?�?? ???�???�?????? ???�?�???? ???�?????�?�?????� ?????? ???�?�???�?�???�?�?? ???� ?�???�?????�?�?� ???�???????�?�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?�. ?�???�?? ?????? ???�?????????�?????? ???�?�?????� ???�???�?�?�?�???? ?�???�?�???? ?�???????????�?? ???????�???? ???�????, ???�?????? ?�???????�?????????????�?� ?????????�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).
2. ???�???????�???� ???????�?????????????�?? ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�??????. ???�?�???�?� ???�?�?�?????�?�?�??, ?????????????�?� ???????�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????�?????�?� ?�?� ?????�?�?�?? ?????�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ). ?�???�?? ?????�???????�?�?� ?�?�???�?? ???�???�?�?????????????�??, ???????????�?� ???�?????�?�???? (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ) ?? ?????????�?????�?� ?�???? ???�???�?�?????????�???�?????? ?????????�??????.
3. ???�???????�?? ???�?? ?????????�?�???�?? ?????????????????? ???�???�???? ???????????????? ???�???????� ???�?? ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???? ???�?�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ?? ?�???????�?�?�?�?? ).
4. ?�?�???�?????�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?� (?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�?�???�?????? ?? ???�?????�?�?????? ).

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1. ???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?????�???�?????�?�?�?? ?????�?????� ???�???�???�???�?????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�?????�???�?????�?�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?????�, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�.
2. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?????�. ?????????�?????�?�, ?????????�?�???�???�?�?�???? ?�?? ?? ?????�?????�?�?????�?????�?? ???�???????�?�?????�, ???????????�?� ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?????�.
3. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�?�???�?????????�????. ?????????�?????�?�, ?????????�?�???�???�?�?�???? ?�?? ?? ???????�?�???�?�?? ?????�?????� ???�???�???�???�?????� ???�???????�?�?????� ?????? ?????�???�?�???????? ?�?�?�?????�?????? ?? ?�?�?????????�???? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?� ???�???�???�???�?????�. ?�???�?? ???�???????�?�?????� ?????????�?�???�???�?�?�????, ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????.

?�?�???�???�???�???? ???�???????�?�?�?? ???� ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???� ?????????? ???� ???�?????�???�??


???�?????????�???�?? ?????�?????�?�?????�????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�?�?? ?????????�???�?�??????.

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1. ???�?????????�???�?? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�??. ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�??.
2. ?????????� ???�?????�???????????�?????? ?????�?????�?�?�???????? ?�?�???�???????? ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?? ???�???�?? ???????????�???�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�???????�.

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1. ???�?????????? ?????�?????? ?????????�???? ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??. ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�???? ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?????�?�???�?�.
2. ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�?????? ???�???????�?�?�?? ?????�?�?� ?�???�?�?�?�?? ?�????, ???�?????????�???�??. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�???? ???????�???�?�?????? ???�???????�?�?�??, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�??????.

?????? ?? ???�?�?�???�?? ???�???�???�???�?????� ???�???????�?�?�??


1. ???????�?�?� ???????�??, ?�?????�????. ???????????�?� ???�???�???�???�???? ?? ???????�?????�???�?� ?�????, ???�?????�???�?� ?????�?????????�?? ???�???�?�.
2. ?�?�?�?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�???�?�?�????, ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???????????????????�. ???????????�?� ?????�???? ???�???�???�???�?????�, ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?????????�?? ?�?????�.

?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? (????)

???????�?�???????� ?????�?????????�?????? ???�?�???�???????????? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?�???�???????????????�?? ?? ???????� ???�?????????�?????????�?�?? ?????????�???�???� ?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? .
?�???????? ???�???�???????�?? ?????????�???????�???? ???? ?????�?????????�?????? ?�?� ???�?????????�?????????�?�?? ?? ???�???????� ?????????????�???� ?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?????? ???????????????�?? ?? ???�???�?�?????????? ?�???�?????�?????????� ???�?? ?????�?????�?�?????�?�?�?????????? ???�???�?�?�?????? ?????????�?????? Mercedes-Benz.

???�?�???� ???????�?�?�???�, ???????�?�?????�?� ?? ?�???????�???????????????�?????�?? ???�?�?�?????�???� ???�???�???�???�?�??????

1. ?? ?�?????�?? ???�???�?�????, ???????�?�?????�?� ?? ???�???????�?????�?? ???�?????�???????????? ?�?????? ???�???�???�???�?�?????? ?????�???? ???�???�???�?? ???�?�???????�???�:

a) ?�?�???????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????�?�?? ?????? ?????�???�?�???????� ?�???�????????????????, ???�?�???�???�?� ???� ????�??? (???�???????????�) ?? ???N??? (???�???�???�?�??).
b) ???????�?�?�?????? ???????????�?�?????� ?????�???�?�?????? ?�???�???????????????? ???�?�???�?�???�???? ???� ???�?�?�?????? ???�?�???�???????? ???�???�???�?�??.
c) ?????�???????�???�?? ???????�?�?�???? ?????? ?�???�????????????????, ?????�?�???????�?�???????? ?? ?????�???�?�?????� ????�??? ???�?? ???N???.
d) ???�???�???�?�?? ???�???�???�???�?�???�???? ?? ?�?????????? ???�?? ?????????�?????�??????.
Make adjustment of draft of a gear change (Head Automatic transmission).

?????�???????????????? ???????�???????????�???�?�?�, ???�???�???�???�?�?�?�???? ?? ?�??????????, ???�???�?�?� ???????�?????????????� ???????� ???�?? ???� ???�?�?????�?�?????�?�?� ???????�?�?????? ?�???�???????�???�?? ?????? ?????�?�?????????� ???� ???????? ???� ???�???�???????� ???�?? ?�?�???????? ???�???�???�?�??


1. ?????�?�???�?????�?� ???????�?�???�???? ?????�?????�???�?� ???????�???? ???�???�?�?????�?�?????�?� ?? ?�?�?????�???????� ???????�?�?�??, ???????�???? ?????? ?????????�?�?�???�???? ???�?�?�???????�-?�???�???�?�?�?? ???????�???�?�?� ?�?????? ???????� ???� ?????� - ???�?????�?????�?????�?? ?????????�???? ?�???�???????????????????????? ?�???????????�??.
2. ???�???�?? ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�???????�?�?? ?�???�???????�???�?? ?? ???�???�?�?????????? ?�???�?????�?????????� ?????????�?????�?� ?????????�???? ?? ???????�?????????� ?�???�???????????????????????? ?�???????????�?? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ). ???�?????????�???�?????????�?� ?????????�???? ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ?�???�?�?????�?????????? ?????�?�???�?????�?�???? ???�?? ?????�?????�?� ?�???????????�?? ?????�???�?� ?? ?�???�???�??????. If the situation is not corrected, seek professional help.

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1. ?�???????????�?? ???? ?????�?�?� ?�?�??????-?????�?????�?? ?�???�?�. ???�?�???� ?�?� ???�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�?�?????�?� ?????�?�?�?? ???? ???�?�???�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?????????? ???�???�?�, ?????�???????� ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ?????�???�???? ???� ???�???�?�?? ?�???�???????????????? ???�?�?�???�???�???? ?????�???????? ?????�?????�?�.
2. ?�?�?? ???�?????�?�?????? ?? ?�?????�?�???�?�?�???? ?????�???�???????� ???�?�?�???? ?? ???�???????? ???�?�???�???? ?????�?�???�?� ?? ???�?�?�???� ?�???�???????????????? ?????� ???�?�???� ???????�?? ?? ?????�?�????. Use appropriate surface cleaner and / or make a steam cleaning. ?�?�?�?�?? ???????�???????�?� ???� ?�???�???????�???�?� ?????????�?????? ?????�?�?????? ???� ???�?�???? ?????????????�?? (?�?�???�?� ???�?�???� ???�?�?�???? ???� ???????????�?????? ???�?�?�???�???�???? ?????�???????? ???�?�?�???? ???� ?�?� ?????�???�???????�). Stop Poddomkratte car and by visual inspection, set the source of the leak. More often than not, as such, are:

a) ???????????? ???�???�?�???� ?�???�????????????????: ???????�???????�?� ?????�???�?�???�?� ?�???�?�?� ??/???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????????�?�?????? ?????????????�.
b) ???????�???� ?�?�?�?????� ?�???????????�??: ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�???????????� ?????�???�???�?????� ?? ???�???�?� ???�?????� ?�?????�???? ?? ???�???�?�?? ?�???�????????????????.
c) ?�???????? ?�???�???????????????????????? ?�???????????�??: ???????�???????�?� ???�???�?�?????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�????????.
d) ?�?�???�???�???�?????????�?? ?�?????�???�: ?????�???????????????? ???�???�?????�???�???� ??/???�?? ?? ???�?� ???????�?�?� ???????�.

???�???�?? ?????�?�?� ?????????�???�???�?? ?�???�?� ???�?? ???�?�???�?� ???�??????


?????�?????? ?????????�???? ?�???????????�?? ?? ?????????�???� (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ).

???� ?????�???�?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? Kickdown ?????? ?????�?????? ???�?�?�?�???? ???� ???�???�?�?? (???� ?????�???�?�?�?�???? ?????????�?�?????�?? ???�???�???�?�?�)


1. ?????�?????? ?????????�???? ?�???????????�?? ?? ?????????�???� (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�?????� ???????????? ???�???�?� ?�???�?????�?�???�?�???????? ?�???�???????????????? ).
2. ???�?????????�?????????�?? ?? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ???�?????????�?????????�?? ???�?�?�?????� ???�?? ?�???? ???????????????? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? ).
4. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???????� ???�?�?�???�?????� (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? ).

?�???????�?�?�?�?? ???� ?�?�?????????�?�?�???? ?????? ?�???�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�???�?????� ???�?? ?�?�?????????�?�?�???? ?? ?�???�???? ?????�???�?�?????? ?????????� ?� ?? R


1. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ???�?�?�?????� ???�?�???�???�?????? ?�?�?????????� (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? ).
2. ???�?????????�?????????�?? ?? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).
3. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???????� ???�?�?�???�?????� (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? ).

?????�???????????????? ???????�???????????�???�?�?�, ???�?????? ???�?? ???????� ?????? ???�???�???�???�?�?????? ???�???�???�?�. ?????�???????�???�?? ???� ?????????�?�?�???? ?????? ?????�???�?�?????? ???�?�???????? D ???�?? R


1. ?????�?????? ?????????�???? ?�???????????�?? ?? ?�???�???????????????? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???�?�?? ?????????�?????� ???????????? ???�???�?� ?�???�?????�?�???�?�???????? ?�???�???????????????? ).
2.???�?????????�?????????�?? ???�?�?�?????� ???�?? ?�???? ???????????????? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?????�?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????????????? ).
3. ???�?????????�?????????�?? ?? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?? (???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???� ?�?�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ).

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1. ???�?�?�???�?� ?????????�???�?� ???????�. Adjustments can not be.
2. ?????? ??????. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�?????????� ???????�?�???�???????? ?? ???�???�?�?????� ???�???�?�???? ??????.
3. ???�???????�???� ???�?? ?????????�?�???�???� ???????????????????? ?????�?�??, ???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?? ???????�???� ???� ?�?�?�?????????�??????.

?�???�???�?�????


?????????�?????�?� ???????�?????????� ?????????????????????? ?????�?�??, ???????�?�???�?????? ?????????????????�?�?????�?? ???????�???�?�???�???????�???? ???� ?????�???? ?�???�???????�???�?? ?? ?????�?�?�?? ?????�?�???? ???????�??????. Listen thus to sounds coming from the bearing. ???????????�?� ???????????????????? ?? ?????????�?????�?� ???� ???????�?????????�.

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?????????�?�???�???� ???�?�?????????? ???????????????�?� ???�?�???? (?�?�?�???� ???�?�???�?�?????� ?? ???????????????�?� ???�?�?� ).

brake system

???�???�?? ?�?�?? ???�?? ?????????�?? ?? ?????????�?�?�?�?�?????????? ?�?�???�???�?�?????? ?? ???�?�???�???? ???????�?�?�?? ?? ?�?????????�?????? ???????�?�?????? ?????????�?????�?????�?�????, ?�?�?? ???????� ???�?�???????�???? ?? ?????????�?�?�?????????�?�?�???????? ???????�?????????? ?? ???�???�?�?�???� ?? ?�???�?�???�???�?? ???�???�?�?????�??, ???� ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�?? ?? ?�???�???????�???�?? ???� ???�???????�?�?? ???�???�?????????�?????�?? ???�???�?�????.

?????�?�???�?�?????�?? ?�???? ???�???�?�?? ?�?????????�?�

???????????�?????? ???????�???? ???�???�?� ???� ???�??????. ?????????�?????�?�, ???� ???�?�?�???�?�?� ?�?? ?�?????????�???�?? ?�???????????�??.

???�???�?�?? ?�?????????�?� ???????�???????� ?? ?????????�?�?????�?�?�????


1. ?�???�?????� ?? ?�?????????�?????? ???????�?�???�. Bleed the system.
2. ???�???????�?�?�???�???? ?�???????????�?? ?? ???�?�?�???????�???�. ?�???�?�???�?� ?????????? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???????????�??, ?????�?�???�?� ???� ???????�?�???� ?????�?????�.
3. ???�???�?�?????�?????� ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�. ???????????�???�?�????, ???�?�?????�?? ???�???�?�????, ?????? ?�???�???????? ???�???????�???� ???� ?�?????????�?�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????????�?????? ?�???????????�??, ?????�?�???�?� ?????�?????� ???� ???????�?�???�.

???????�?�?????� ???�?�?�???�?� ?�?????????�?�??????, ???�???�?�?? ?????????�?�?????�?�?�????


1. ???�???�?????�?�???�???????�?? ?�?????�???????????????�. ?�?�?�???????�?� ?????�???????�?????? ?�?????�???????????????� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????�????.
2. ?????????�?�???�?????� ???�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???????? ???�?? ???�?�???�???� ?�?????????�???�?� ?�???�?????????�?�. Replace cuff. ?� ???�?�???????? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???�?????????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�???�???????� ???�?�???�???�?�, ?????? ???�???�?�?????????????�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�?????�?? ?�???�????????.
3. ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?�?????????�?? ?????????�?�?????�. Repair support.

???�???�???� ?�?????????�?�?????�, ???�???????�???? ???� ?�???�???????� ???????�???� ???�?�?�?�???? ???�???�?�??


1. ???????????�???�?� ???�???�?�?????? ?�?�???�???�?�???�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�????????.
2. ?????�?�???????�?�???� ???�???????�???????�???� ???�?? ?�?�?�???�?????�???????� ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�?????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?�?? .
3. ???�?????????�???�?? ?�?????????�?????? ???????�???�?�?�??. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?????????�?????? ???????�???�?�?�??.
4. ???�???????�???� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�????????.

?????? ?�?????????�?�?????? ?�???�???????�???�?? ???????????� ?? ???�??????????


1. ?�?�???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?� ???� ???????�???�?�???�?????�?� ?�???�?�???�????????. ?????????�?????�?� ?? ???�?????????�???�?????????�?� ???�???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?�.
2. ???�???�?????????�?????�?? ???�?????? ??????. Replace worn tires.
3. ???????????�???�?� ?????�???????? ?�?�???�???�?�???�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????.
4. ???� ?????????? ?????? ?????�?�???????�?�???� ???�?�???�?� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�?????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?�?? .
5. ???�???�???� ???????�?????????� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????.
6. ?�?�???????�???�???� ???�?�?�?� ?????????????�????. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?????�???�?????�???� ?? ???????�?????�???�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ?????�???????? ?? ?????????????�?�.
7. ???????????�???? ?�???�???????????? ?�?????????�???�?� ?????????????�????. Replace the caliper.
8. ???�???�?????????�?????�?? ???�?????? ?�?????????�?????? ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????�???????? (???� ???�?????� ?????�?�???�?�).

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1. ?�?�???????�???? ?????????�?????�?�???????????� ???�???�?????�???� ?? ???�?�???????? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???�?????????�. ???????�?????�???�?� ???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????? ?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�???�???????� ???�?�???�???�?�.
2. ???�?????????? ???�?�?�?????????? ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???????????????�?? ???�???????? ?? ???????????�?? ???�?�?????????? ?�?????????�???????? ?�???�?????????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�????.

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1. ?�?�???????�???? ?????????�?????�?�???????????� ???�???�?????�???� ?? ???�?�???????? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???�?????????�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?????�?? ?�???�???????? ?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�???�???????� ???�?�???�???�?�.
2. ???�?????????? ???�?�?�?????????? ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???? ???????????????�?? ???�???????? ?? ???????????�?? ???�?�?????????? ?�?????????�???????? ?�???�?????????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�?�????.
3. ?�?�???????�???? ???????????�?�?????????�?�?� ???�???�?????�???� ?? ?????�?�???�?�???????? ???�?�???�???� ???� ???????�?�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?????�?? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???�????????, ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�???�???????� ???�?�???�???�?� ?? ?�?????????�?????? ?�???????????�??.

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1. ?????�?�???????�?�???� ?????�???????? ???�???�???�?�?�?�?�?�???? ?�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�?????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?�?? .
2. ???????????�?????? ???????? ???�???�?�???? ?????????????????????�??. ???�?�?�?�?�?????? ???�???�???�?????�?� ?�?????????�?????? ????????.
3. ???????????�?????? ???????? ?????�?�?� ?�???????????� ?�???�?????�. ?�?????? ???�???�?�???�?�???�?� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?�.

???????????�???�?� ?????�???????? ???� ???�?�???????� ???� ?�?????????�???????? ?????????�, ?????�?�???? ?? ?�?????????? ?????????????�?�?????�?�?�???? ??????????


???????????�???? ?? ?�???�?????????�?� ?�?????????�???�?� ?????????????�????. ???�???�???????�?????????�?� ?????????????�, ?????�?????�???? ?�?�???�?????�?�.

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1. ?????�?�???????�?�???� ?????�???????? ???�???????�???�?�???�???????�?�???? ?�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�?????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?�?? .
2. ?�?�???????�???�?? ?????????????�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?�?? ?????????????�?�.
3. ?????�?�?�?�?? ?�???? ????????????. ?????�???�?????�?�.
4. ???????????�???�?? ???????�?�???� ???�???�?????�?�???�???�. Check the tightness of the brake system.

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1. ???????????�?????? ???????? ?????�?�?�?�?�???? ???� ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????????�??. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???????�?�???�?????? ?????????????�?�.
2. ???????????�???? ?? ?????????????�?�?�. ?????�???�?????�?� ?�?�???????�???�??????.
3. ?????????�???? ???�?�???�?�?�?� ???�?????�?????�??????. ?????????�?????�?� ?????�???�?�?????� ????????????.

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1. ?�?�???�?? ???????�?????� ?? ?�?�???????�?�???????? ???�?????????? (???�?�?�???????�?? ?????�?????�?�). ?�???�?? ?????????? ?????????�???�?�???? ???????�?� ???�???�?�?�???????? ???�?????????? ?????? ???????�???�???????? ???�?�?�???????�?? ?? ?�?�?�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�, ?????�?�???? ???�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�????.
2. ?????�?�???????�?�???� ?????�???????? ???�???????�???�?�???�???????�?�???? ?�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?????�????????, ?????????????�?� ???�?�???�?????� ???????????�?????? ???????�?????????????????????? ???�???�????. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???�?�???�?�?? ?????????�???�?�?�?????� ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?�?? .
3. ???????????�?????? ???????? ?????�?�?�?�?�???? ???� ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????????�??. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�???????�?? ???????�?�???�?????? ?�?????????�???????? ?????????????�?�.
4. ?�?�???????�???�???� ???�?�?�?� ?????????????�?�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?�?? ?????????????�?�.
5. ???????????�?� ???????�?????� ?????�???�?�?????? ?????�????????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???????�?????� ?????�???�?�??????.
6. ?�?�???�???????�?� ???�?�???????�?� ???????�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�???????�?� ???????�?????�.

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1. ABS ?? ???�?????�??????. ?????????�?�??????, ?????????�?? ???� ?�???�?�???�?�????.
2. ???�?????????? ?�???�???????� ?�???????????� ?�???�?????� ???�?? ???????????? ???? ?�???�?�?????� ?�?????????�???????? ?????????�. ?????????�?????�?� ?�???�?????� ?? ?�???�?�??????. ???�???�?�???�?�???�?� ???�?? ?�?�???�?????�?� ????????.
3. ???????????�?????? ???????? ?????�?�?�?�?�???? ???� ???�???�?�?�?�?�?????? ?????????????�??. Check the contact surface of a support.

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1. ???�?????????? ?????�?????� ???�???????�?�?????� ?????�?�?????? (?????�?� 10 ?�). ?????????�?????�?� ???�???????�?�?????�. ?????????�?????�?�, ???�?????�?� ?�?? ???????�?????�?????�?? ?�?�?????� ???�???�???�?�?????� ???????�?� ?�?�?????????� ?????????�?�?�?�??. ?�???�?? ?????� ?? ?????????????�, ?????????�?????�?� ???�???????????? ???�???�???? ?????????????� ???�???�???�?�?????�.
2. ?????????�?�???�?????� ABS. ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�???????�?? ???????�?�???�?� ?? ???�?�???�???� ???????????�???? ???????????�???????�?????? ???�?????� ?? ?????�?????�?�???????? ???�???????� (?? ?????????�???�???�?�???????? ?�?�?????�).

?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????�

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1. ???�???�?????????�?????? ???�???�?�?�???� ???????�.
2. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???� ??????.
3. ?�???�?�???�?????? ???�???????�???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�???????? ???????�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).
4. ?????�?�???�?�???? ?????????�???�?????� ???�?????�???????????? ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�??.
5. ???????�???�?�?�???� ???�???�???????� ?�?????????�???�?� ???�?�?�?????�???� (?�?�?�???� ???????????�???�?? ???????�?�???� ).

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1. ???�???????�???� ?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�?? ???�?? ???????????�?�???? ?????�?�?????????�?? ????????????. Make balancing in the tire shop.
2. ???�???????�???� ???????????????????? ?????�?�??, ?????�?�?�?�?? ???????�???� ???� ?�?�?�?????????�?????? ???�?? ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).
3. ???�???????�???� ???�?? ?????????�?�???�???� ???�????????-?�???????�???�?�?�?????� ???�?? ???????????� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�?????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ?�???�?�???�???????� ???�?????�?�?????�?????� ?�???�???????�???�?? ???�?? ????�?�???�???�?????�??? ?�???? ?????????? ???� ?????????????�?�?� ???�?? ?????? ?�?????????�?�??????


1. ???�?????????�?????� ?�???????�???�?�?�?????� ???�???�?? ?????????�??????. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�???????? ?�?�?�???????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).
2. ?????????�?�???�???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�??????. ?????????�???�?????�?� ?????????�?????? ???????�?????????? ?????????????�???� (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

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1. ?�???�?�???�?????? ?????�?� ?????????�???? ?�???????????�?? ?? ???�?�?�???????�???� ???????�?�???� ?????????????????�?�?????? ?????�?? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ).
2. ???�?????�?????�?????? ???�???�?�?�???� ???????�.
3. ???�???????�?�?�???�???? ?????�?�?�???� ???�?????????� ?????�?�???????? ?????????????� (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).
4. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�??.
5. ?�???????????????�???�?�?�?? ???� ???�?�???????�?�?� ?�???�?�???�?????? ?????�???????�??.

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1. ?????�?�?�?�?� ?�?�?�???�???� ?????????????????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�?? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).
2. ?�???�?�???�?????? ???�???????�???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�???????? ???????�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

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1. ???�???????�?? ???�?? ?????????�?�???�?? ?????????????????? ???�???�???? ???�???????� ?????????????????�???�?�?�?? ???�?? ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?�???? ???�?�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ).
2. ?�???�?�???�?????? ?????�?� ?????????�???? ?�???????????�?? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ).
3. ???�???????�???� ???????�?????????????�?? ???�?�???????? ???�?? ?�???????? ?????????�???�???�?�???????? ???????�?�???�. Check in case of need make replacement.
4. ?� ?????????�???�???�?�???????? ???????�?�???? ???????�?� ?????�?????�. ?????????�?�?�???�?� ???????�?�???? (?�?�?�???� ???�?????�?�?� ???�???�???�?????�?????� ).

?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ?�???�?�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ???????�?�???�???????? (???� ?? ?????????? ???�??????-?�?? ???�?�?�???�??)


1. ???�?????�?????�?????? ???�???�?�?�???� ???????�.
2. ???�???????�???� ?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�??. ???�???�?�???�?�???? ?? ???????????????�?�?�?????? ???�???�?�??????????.
3. ?????????�?�???�???� ?????????? ?????�?�??. Check, if necessary, replace.
4. ?�???�?�???�?????? ???�???????�???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????????�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�???????? ???????�???�?�?????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ?�???�?�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ???????�?�???�???????? ???? ?????�?????�???? ?????�??


1. ???�?????�?????�?????? ???�???�?�?�???� ???????�.
2. ???�?????????? ???�?�???? ???????�?????�???�???? ?????????????�?�. Slow down.
3. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�?? (?�???�?�???�?????�?? ???�?????????????�??). Refer to the workshop for professional adjustment.
4. ???????????� ???�?? ???�?�???????????????�?? ???�?�?�?? ?????????�?????? (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ?�???�?�???�?????�?? ???�?????? ???????�?�???�???????? ???? ???????�???�?????�???? ?????�??


1. ???�?????�?????�?????? ???�???�?�?�???� ???????�.
2. ???�???????�???� ???�?????�???????????� ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ???�???�???????� ?????�?�?? (???�???�?????????????�??). Make adjustments in the workshop of car-care center.
3. ?????????�?�???�???� ?????????????�???�?� ?????�?�???????? ???????�???�?�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�?�?�?? ???� ?????�???�?�?????� (?�?�?�???� ?????????�?????� ?? ?????�?�?????� ???????�???�?�?????� ).

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1. ???�???????�???� ?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�??.
2. ?????????�?�???�???� ???�?? ???????????�?� ??????????. Check, if necessary, replace.
3. ?????�?�?� ???�???�?? ???�?�?�???� ??????.

?�?�?�?�???�?� ?�?�?�???? ???�?�???�?????�?????�???�?�?�??

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1. ?�?�?�???????? ?�?�???????�???�???�. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�???????? ?�?�???�?????? ???�???�???????????? ?�?�?�?????? ?? ???�???�?????????? ???????�?�???? ?????�?????�???� ???�?? ?????????�????.
2. ???�?�???�???�?????�?� ???????????? ?�?�?�????, ???�?�???????? ???�???????�???� ???�?? ???�?�???????�???�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�????????.
3. ???�?�???�?� ???�?�????????, ???�???�???�?????�???????�???? ???????�???�???????�??. ?�?�???�?????�?� ???�?�????????.

?� ?????�?� ???�?????�???? ?????�?�?�???? ???????� ?????�?�?? ?????�?????�???�???? ?? ???�???�??


The windshield is dirty varnish polish or oil. ???�?????�???�?� ???�?�?????????� ???�?�???�?? ?�?????�???? ?�???????????? ?? ?????�?�???�?�?�?�?? ?????�?�????, ???�???�?�, ?????�????????????.

?�?�?�???� ???�???�?�?�?� ???????????�???????????� - ?? ???????? ???�?????????? ?�??????????, ?? ???????????? ???�?�


1. ?�?�?�???????� ???�?�???????????????�???� ?? ???????? ???�?????????? ????�???�?????� ???� ???????????????�???�?�?�???????. ?????�?�?????????�?� ?????????? ???�?�????????.
2. ?�?�?�?�?? ???�?�???�?????�?????�???�?�?�?? ?????????�?�??, ?�?�?�???� ???� ?�???�???? ???????�?�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???�??. ?????�???????�???? ???????�???????�?� ???�?�?�??, ???????� ???� ?�?????�?� ???????�?????????�?? ???�???�?????�?�???????� ?????�???�?�?????�.

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1. ?�?�?�???????� ???�?????�?�?�???? ???� ???????�???�. ?????�???????�???? ?????�?�?????�?� ???�?�???????? ?? ???????�????.
2. ?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???�?? ???�???�?????????�??????, ?�?�?? ???�?? ???�?????????�?� ???????�???????�?� ???�?�?????? ???�?? ???�?�???�?????�. ?�?�???�?????�?� ?�?�?�????. ?�?�?� ???�?????????�?????????�??, ?????�?�???� ?????�???? ?????????�???�?�???? ?????? ???�?�???�?�?????? ?????�?�?????????� ?�?�???�???????? ?�?�?�????.
3. ???�?????????? ???�?�?� ?????�?� ???????�?????�?????? ???�?�?�??????. ???�?�?????� ?????�?�???�?� ???�?????????� ???�?�?�?????? ???�?�???�?????�?????�???�?�?�?? ?? ???????�?????� ???�?? ?????�?�?????????�?� ???????�?? ???�?�?�??.

?�?�?�?�???�?� ??????

?????�?????�?? ???�?????? ???????� ???� ???�?�???� ???�?????????�?� ???�?�???�?�?? ???????�???�???????�??


???�?????????? ?????�?????� ???�???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?�.

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???�?????????? ???�?????????� ???�???�?�?????� ?? ???????�?�.

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???�?�?�???�?�?????�?? ?? ???????�?????�?�?????�?? ???�?�?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�???�. ?�???�?????�???? ???�?????????? ?�???�???????� ?�???????????� ?�???�?????� ?????????�, ???�?????????? ?�???�???????? ?�???�?� ?? ???�?????�???� ???�?????????�?�.

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???�?�?�???�?�?????�?? ???�?�?�?�?�?�???????????????� ?????�?�???�. ?�???�?????�???? ???????�?�?????�?????� ?????�?????????? ???�???�?????�?�?????????? ?�???�??????.

?????�?????�?? ???�?????? ???�???�?�?????�?� ???�???� ?? ???�???�???????� ???�?�???�?�?? ???????�???�???????�??


???�?�???� ?�?�?????????????�?????? ?????? ???�?�?????? ?�?????????�?�??????.

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Overloading the vehicle. ?????????�?????�?� ???????�???�???????? ?�?�???�?? ???????� ???� ???�?�???�???� ???????????�.

?�?�?�?????????�?� ???�?�?�???? ???� ?�?????????�?� ?????�???� ???????�?�???�?????�


???�?????�?????�?????�?? ???�?????�???????????� ?????�???? ?????�?�?????????? ?????�?�??. ???????� ???�???????�???�. ?????????�?????�?� ?�?�???�?� ???????�?????????� ???�???�??-?�???????�???�?�?�????????.

???�???�?�?????�?????� ?�?�?????�?????� ???� ?????????? ???�?????????� ???????�?�???�?????� ???�???�?????�???? ?????�?�???�


???�?????�?????�?????�?? ???�?????�???????????� ???�???�???�??????. ???????� ???�???????�???�. ?�?�???�???� ???????�?�?????� ???? ?????�???????�?�?? ???????�???�???????�????. ?�?�???�?????� ???????�?�?????� ???� ?????????????�?�?�.

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???�???�?�?�?? ?�?�???�?� ?????�???�?� ???�??????, ?????�???� ?????? ?? ?�.??. ???� ???�?????????? ?????????????�??.

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1. ?????????�?????�?� ???�?????�???????????? ???�?�???�?�?�.
2. ?????????�?�???�?????� ABS. ?????????�?????�?� ???�???�?�???????�?? ???????�?�???�?� ???????????�???????�?????? ?? ???????????????? ?? ?????�?????�?�???????? ???�???????� (?? ?�?�?????� ?????????�???�??????).





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