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Turbocharger - general information, removal and installation
Some petrol models can be mounted compressor discharge air with a belt drive. It is considered in Section Compressor blown air with a belt drive.
general information
On the shaft of the turbocharger in two separate buildings located two impellers. The drive turbine wheel is carried out by the exhaust gases. They provide a rotation shaft of the turbocharger and thereby both the turbine wheel 000 with a speed of 300 rev / min. Lubrication is provided by the turbocharger lubrication system of the engine.
Due to a good cylinder filling forced air motor power increases to 100%.
The turbocharger is designed to increase the engine power (up to 100%) by increasing the pressure in the intake pipe. Air is supplied not only to the cylinders, and is supplied to them under pressure. Along with the power boost produces an increase in torque. The growth capacity, among other things, dependent on the charge air pressure, which is typically 1.0 atm. Boost pressure is constantly monitored and regulated by the engine control unit. This eliminates the possibility of exceeding the pressure over the set value. In accordance with the increase of the air supply, fuel supply pump increases.
Compressor turbine is rotated by exhaust gases. The gases passing through a special hood (hood compressor) are fed to a turbine compressor. The turbine rotates on a shaft at the other end of which is located in a separate compressor wheel housing. That he submits the air pressure in the pipeline.
Between the compressor and the intercooler piping set (refer to Section Removal and installation of the air mass meter). The intercooler cools the air, compressing it. The partial pressure of oxygen is increased, resulting in increased engine power.
Air pressure in the pipe is limited to a specific sensor. When the limit pressure sensor opens the valve, thus limiting the flow of exhaust gas to the turbine.
Shaft compressor lubricated motor oil, which is supplied by specially designed hose. The shaft is constantly "floats" in the oil. From the compressor oil is diverted to the sump through the return hose.
Compared with a gasoline engine in the diesel engine is no need to reduce the compression ratio of supercharging, which provides even lower range of number of revolutions complete utilization of fuel injected.
The turbocharger is an integral part of the exhaust manifold and can not be separated from it.
The turbocharger is a precision machine. Therefore, when a fault occurs, it must be completely replaced.
Safety measures
The rotational speed of the compressor turbine is huge, and the temperature is very high. To avoid injury and prevent damage to the turbocharger, the following precautions:
??? Do not start the engine after the removal of any component of the turbocharger. Inserting objects in the turbine blades can cause damage to the latter fails. You also run the risk of injury from thrown objects from the turbine.
?� After removing any components of the turbocharger air intake hose or cover it with a clean cloth.
?� Do not let the gas immediately after the engine starts, especially if it is cold. Oil can instantly lubricate the turbine shaft.
?� Never switch off the ignition immediately after stopping the car. Do not press the accelerator pedal before stopping the engine. Immediately after the ignition is switched off the oil ceases to be supplied to the compressor shaft, and for some time it will rotate without lubrication.
?� Before you switch off the engine, let it idle for a few minutes, during which the rotational speed of the turbine is significantly reduced.
?� Regularly change the oil, oil filter and air cleaner. Using old oil will lead to the formation of deposits on the shaft of the compressor and its failure. Before disconnecting the hoses and the return oil from the compressor, thoroughly clean the surrounding surface. The removed components are stored in sealed containers.
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