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Ventilation systems, heating and air conditioning
 | The air distribution |
Driving circuit of the air conditioner
 | 1 - Fan
2 - Evaporator
3 - The expansion valve
4 - Reservoir
5 - The condenser fan
6 - Condenser
7 - Compressor
and - The outside air to cool the condenser
b - Warm exhaust air outside
c - Not chilled air flowing through the fan | d - cooled air coming into the cabin
A - High pressure gas
C - High pressure liquid
C - Low pressure liquid
D - Low pressure gas |
Additional electric heater. Diesel engine
 | 1 - electric heater unit
2 - Gasket | 3 - The heating element |
 | Air control and filters the air conditioning system |
Fresh air is supplied to the ventilation system into the car through the filters coarse and fine filters, can be heated or cooled, depending on the choice of the driver and passengers. Heater, on models without air conditioner or air conditioner is located in the cabin, in the case under the dashboard. The entire flow of air submitted to salon is sent for heating or cooling through the same casing. The temperature and flow rate of air is regulated using the controls on the control panel.
Fan speed control performed by the electronic device, heat generated when the engine is transmitted to the radiator coolant heater, located in the cabin. The supplied air flow from the ventilation system passes through the cooler and heated by the heat of the engine coolant flowing in the radiator. The degree of heat is regulated by mixing in a certain ratio of cold and hot air with the help of the mixing valve servo.
Used air is removed from the passenger compartment through the vents with non-return valves.
Increasing the air flow through the heat exchanger fan provides fresh air.
If it is necessary to disable the supply of fresh air, for example, bad odors, the system switches to the circulation mode in which the outside air does not flow into the cabin.
Switching system in circulation mode is confirmed by lighting up of a control lamp.
If the car is a diesel engine, there is an additional electric heater built into the cooling circuit of the engine, and is activated when outdoor temperature is low. If the ambient temperature drops below 8 ?� C, while the coolant temperature is less than 70 ?� C, an additional heater is switched on depending on the position of the temperature control in the passenger compartment, and automatically raises the temperature of the coolant that provides heating the vehicle interior.
Additional heater located on the cylinder block, to the left of the starter, looking in the direction forward.
Work on the air-conditioning system should be carried out by specialists.
Air conditioning is able both to heat and to cool and dehumidify the air in the passenger compartment. In wet weather the incoming fresh air is pre-cooled, and then reheated to a predetermined temperature. At the same time excessive moisture condenses the air, ie, its drainage. This eliminates fogging of glasses.
Dehumidification, depending on humidity and has three control steps.
Air consists of a heater and refrigerator. Refrigerator conditioner - a compressor, a condenser, a throttle, an evaporator, a refrigerant tank and piping. The system circulates refrigerant (R134a type), which, depending on the temperature and the pressure may be in liquid or gaseous state.
Conditioner compressor is driven in rotation by the crankshaft of the engine by means of a ribbed belt. It creates a pressure of 30 atm. Position in the cooling circuit, whereby the refrigerant is a gas heated. In the condenser the refrigerant is cooled with outside air (not in the passenger compartment). Consequently, the heated refrigerant condenses, becoming a liquid. Having a lot of pressure, he passed through the reactor, resulting in its pressure drops. Thereafter, the refrigerant evaporates while strongly cooled. In the evaporator, the refrigerant extracts heat from the blown air therethrough. The air is cooled. The cooled air flows into the interior of the vehicle. By heating the refrigerant in the evaporator and turns into a gas at low pressure enters the compressor and then circulating process is repeated.
On request the car can be equipped with automatic air-conditioning (air conditioner). There are two possible variants of plants other than touch control and automatic comfort.
Safety measures for maintenance of the air conditioner
The air conditioning system should be serviced exclusively trained technical personnel trained in safe methods of working with the proper equipment in compliance with the rules of depressurization, familiar with the techniques of data collection and storage procedures automotive refrigerant.
?� Do not allow refrigerant to the skin.
?� When working near the air-conditioning system, wear goggles.
?� If you get refrigerant on your skin or eyes do not rub the affected area. Rinse immediately with cold water for at least 15 minutes. Call a doctor or hospital. Self-medication is not permitted.
?� The new refrigerant cylinder is stored under pressure. Keep the bottle at a temperature no higher than 50 ?� C. Take measures to avoid the fall of the balloon from a height or other situations that could cause damage.
?� Work should be done in a well-ventilated area. The refrigerant evaporates quickly, it does not smell. Its accumulation leads to a decrease of oxygen and shortness of breath.
?� Refrigerant gas is heavier than air and relatively quickly should gather below, for example, under the car.
?� On combustion, forms toxic gas refrigerant. Keep refrigerant away from open sources of fire. Do not smoke. When using flaming leak detector avoid smoke inhalation.
??? When carrying out welding work near the air-conditioning system to heat or open flame. Overheating can lead to increased pressure in the system and inflammation.
Cleaning ?� condenser or evaporator using steam is not allowed. Use only cold water or compressed air.
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