Working conditions and tools

To perform repair work clean, well-lit work area with workbench and vice. Area should be sufficient to expand the details, and in a specific order, each time without the need to remove them.

It should definitely have a set of high-quality hand tools. A good tool you can use for a long time, he quickly recoup the cost of the acquisition. Basis sets - wrenches open end wrench, you can use to perform work in any well-accessible vehicle. It is desirable to have a set of spanner wrenches which are mainly used for strong tightening of bolts and nuts or where complicated access to fasteners.

To reduce costs, it is possible to acquire a set of combined keys (open shed at one end and a ring of the same size - on the other). Fig. 3 shows such keys. It is necessary to acquire and head (its outer diameter must not be too large), by which it is possible to turn on the nuts and bolts are in very tight spaces or recesses.

In addition, still need to have a set of cross screwdrivers. In the automotive industry are increasingly used bolt with a head Torx. To loosen them using a special set of heads.

If you often have to repair a car, in addition to the basic tools you can buy even more narrow purpose. Its use will save a lot of time. As an example we can mention the impact screwdriver, without which it is hardly possible to unscrew the Phillips screws without damaging them. Naturally, it can be used for tightening. Pliers are often necessary as transmission gears, shafts and other components are held in a working position, in most cases by means of elastic rings, which remove by conventional screwdriver possible with great difficulty. It is possible to acquire two types of pliers, one for the outer rings (Fig. 4) and the other inner rings. They can be purchased with straight or L-shaped sponges. Do not do without a torque wrench that can be set up so that it will slip when a certain torque the bolt or nut. These keys can be equipped with an indicator that displays the torque value reached. This makes it possible to tighten the bolts of the cylinder head without fear of occurrence of damage or leaks due to insufficient tightening torque. Unfortunately, some of the work can not be carried out without the proper equipment. There are a number of works, conduct which is best to trust the experts. Fig. 5 shows the most frequently used tool.

Before performing any work on the car, you must carefully review the recommendations listed below in order to protect themselves from injury:

- Never rely completely on a vehicle jack. Always use extra support. In their absence, you can put in front or behind of the ongoing repair, for example, shot two wheels, placing them on each other. If a car slips, it will be on the wheels;

- Never completely tighten the wheel bolts or nuts if the car is in the posted position on the supports;

- Never open the radiator cap when the engine is still hot. If no other way, then overlaid with a thick layer of cloth cover and turn it on one turn to release the steam;

- Never drain the engine oil immediately after the trip. Dispose of engine oil should only be undertaken in accordance with the instructions in any case it can not be drained into water bodies or soil;

- Do not drip brake fluid or antifreeze coatings. The resulting stains can be removed with difficulty or not at all difficult to remove;

- Do not breathe dust, formed as a result of brake pad wear. Although the brake pad and the pads are made, usually without the use of asbestos, the dust nevertheless toxic. When using compressed air to blow the brakes need to prevent the ingress of dust into the respiratory system;

- Without delay, remove from the floor residues of oil or grease to avoid slipping;

- Do not use wrenches with a size of inadequate or worn keys. Slippage wrench connected in most cases with the risk of injury. In place of abrasions and cuts, be sure to apply the patch to prevent any oil or dirt;

- Never lift a very heavy car parts without an assistant;

- If necessary, carry out work on the exhaust system, wait until it's parts cool down;

- When using the power tool, wear safety goggles. They are not to be redundant, and when working under the car;

- Buy a good protective hand cream to handle their hands before performing the "dirty" work. It makes it easier to clean up after their work and the corrosive effects of waste oil and other harmful substances;

- It is impossible to work in the long-sleeved shirt, with flying pieces of clothes next to moving machinery. Long hair during operation is necessary to tie up;

- Never smoke in the vicinity of the vehicle. Disconnect the terminals from the battery if the work on the fuel system. Caused by a metal object short circuit may cause sparks. To ensure fire safety is necessary to have a fire extinguisher;

- Never put on the engine included a portable lamp - it strong heating can cause damage to high-voltage wires, despite the fact that they are protected by a wire casing.

If you comply with these recommendations during described in this manual work, you avoid injuries, but the car will be serviceable.