 printable version
Exhaust
Device features The exhaust system consists of exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, the exhaust front pipe, silencers. Required to work with regulated catalytic converter oxygen concentration sensor (lambda sensor) is mounted in the housing of the catalytic converter. Front exhaust pipe is attached to the catalytic converter mounted on the flange of the exhaust manifold. All parts are connected to each other by threaded joints and can be replaced individually. Self-locking nuts and gasket after removal should be replaced by new ones. Rubber rings fastening elements of the exhaust system and rubber buffer should be checked for cracks and damage and, if necessary - replace. When installing a new exhaust system is recommended to replace all the fasteners.
Removing and installing exhaust system Cars with engine capacity of 1.1 liters and 1.3
| Fig. 2.267. The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment of the engine cylinder capacity of 1.3 liters: 1 - gasket exhaust manifold; 2 - the exhaust manifold; 3 - heat shield of the exhaust manifold
|
The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment of the engine displacement of 1.3 liters, is shown in Fig. 2.267.
| Fig. 2.268. The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment of the engine cylinder capacity of 1.1 liters: 1 - gasket exhaust manifold; 2 - the exhaust manifold; 3 - heat shield of the exhaust manifold; 4 - the gauge of concentration of oxygen
|
The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment of the engine displacement of 1.1 liters, is shown in Fig. 2.268. Technical condition
| Fig. 2.269. An exhaust manifold
|
Check the exhaust manifold (Fig. 2.269) for damage or cracks.
| Fig. 2.270. Exhaust manifold gasket
|
Check the exhaust manifold gasket (Fig. 2.270) in the absence of flaking or damage.
| Fig. 2.271. Reception pipe mufflers and exhaust systems: 1 - Laying the front exhaust pipe; 2 - air suspension front exhaust pipe; 3 - the additional muffler; 4 - the basic muffler
|
Reception pipe mufflers and exhaust system are shown in Fig. 2.271.
A WARNING Removal and check parts of the exhaust system is carried out only on a cold system. |
Withdrawal
| Fig. 2.272. Flange mounting of the main muffler to additional silencer
|
Remove the silencer, disconnecting the airbag suspension. Remove the silencer from the main silencer. Remove the silencer, disconnecting cushion suspension. Remove the catalytic converter from the exhaust front pipe. Remove the exhaust front pipe from the catalytic converter (with the engine running on unleaded petrol), or from the exhaust manifold (with the engine running on leaded gasoline). Loosen the clamp bolt mounting front exhaust pipe and bolts of its fastening. Technical condition Check mufflers and pipes for corrosion and damage. Check cushion suspension and band clamps for cracks and signs of aging. Setting Install the catalytic converter, the exhaust front pipe, silencer and rear silencer in the order listed, and temporarily secure them. Tighten the mounting of the exhaust system, making sure they do not touch the body.
Cars with engine capacity of 1.5 liters and 1.6
| Fig. 2.273. The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment: 1 - gasket exhaust manifold; 2 - the exhaust manifold; 3 - the gauge of concentration of oxygen; 4 - the catalytic converter; 5 - the exhaust manifold heat shield
|
The elements of the exhaust system are located in the engine compartment, are shown in Fig. 2.273.
| Fig. 2.274. Reception pipe mufflers and exhaust systems: 1 - Laying the front exhaust pipe; 2 - Air Suspension front exhaust pipe; 3 - the additional muffler; 4 - the basic muffler
|
Reception pipe mufflers and exhaust system are shown in Fig. 2.274. Withdrawal
| Fig. 2.275. Flange mounting of the main muffler to additional silencer
|
Remove the silencer from an additional (Fig. 2.275) by unscrewing the nuts and removing the bolts. Remove the silencer, disconnecting the airbag suspension.
| Fig. 2.276. Connecting the front exhaust pipe clamp and additional muffler
|
Remove the silencer from the main muffler and the exhaust front pipe (Fig. 2.276). Remove the silencer, disconnecting cushion suspension.
| Fig. 2.277. Elements of fastening of a reception exhaust pipe to the catalytic converter
|
Loosen the clamp bolts fastening the front exhaust pipe nuts and fastening it to the catalytic converter (Fig. 2.277). Remove the bolt reception pipe to additional silencer. Setting Install the front exhaust pipe, additional and basic mufflers in the order listed, temporarily fasten them. Tighten the mounting of the exhaust system, making sure they do not touch the body.
A WARNING Removal and check parts of the exhaust system is carried out only on a cold system. |
Leak test the exhaust system On cars with a controlled catalytic converter lack of tightness of connections of the exhaust system in front of the oxygen concentration sensor can cause the following problems: - Difficulty in starting the engine; - The engine stops; - Irregular operation of the engine at idle; - Jerks when accelerating.
A WARNING Test condition - the engine is cold or temperature hands. To test requires a source of compressed air. |
Start up the engine and listen to the engine running, the exhaust system for leaks of exhaust gases. Stop the engine. Put the gun compressed air source (compressor) into the exhaust pipe and seal with a rag. Set the air pressure of 6 bar. Turn the gun. Cover the means for determining the leak of the joint cylinder head and exhaust manifold, the exhaust manifold and the exhaust front pipe, front exhaust pipe and catalytic converter and check for bubbles. Repair leaking exhaust system violation.
Cars with catalytic converter in the exhaust system Hyundai cars fitted as standard with a catalytic converter. When his presence is required to use unleaded petrol. Cars with controlled catalytic converter, in addition, must be equipped with adjustable mixing device. Under controlled mixing device means a system of fuel injection in which the fuel / air ratio can be continuously varied depending on the operating conditions and the oxygen content in the exhaust gases. Carburetion device management command received from the oxygen concentration sensor (lambda probe), which is installed upstream of the catalytic converter or the exhaust manifold and the exhaust gas stream is blown. Lambda probe - an electrical sensor that registers the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gases with a corresponding electrical signal. The signal suggests the air-fuel mixture. In fractions of a second lambda probe can provide a corresponding signal to the electronic control unit, due to the composition of the mixture can be continuously adjusted. On the one hand it is necessary, as the operating conditions are constantly changing (e.g., full power, idle), on the other hand, because the optimal afterburning in the catalytic converter occurs only if the exhaust gas has a sufficient amount of carbon particles (unburned fuel). Thus, to a temperature at 300-800 ?� C in the catalyst generally afterburning could occur in the exhaust gases containing a large amount of fuel than necessary for complete combustion in the engine cylinders. In this regard, during operation of a vehicle equipped with an engine with a catalytic converter, the fuel consumption is increased by about 5%. The catalytic converter is located in the engine compartment of the car on the front-silencer. The neutralizer comprises a ceramic honeycomb block coated with noble metal catalysts - platinum or rhodium. To mount the sensor to the shock of the ceramic block, flexible, heat-proof wire mesh. Used catalyst is a so-called three-way catalyst. This means that it simultaneously oxidizes carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH), and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
How to use the car with a catalytic converter in the exhaust system To avoid damage to the oxygen concentration sensor (oxygen sensor) and the catalytic converter, it is necessary to follow these instructions. Always refuel with unleaded petrol. If an error was flooded leaded fuel, it is necessary to replace the exhaust manifold and the catalytic converter. Before installing the new elements of the exhaust system at least two times to be completely fill the fuel tank with unleaded gasoline. Start a warm engine push or pull is not valid. Use an electric cord to start the engine. Unburned fuel at ignition can lead to overheating of the catalytic converter and its subsequent destruction. You should avoid frequent cold starts, one after the other. Otherwise, the catalyst collected unburned fuel burns explosively upon heating, wherein the converter is damaged. When difficulties when starting the engine do not let the starter run for a long time, as occurs during start-up fuel injection. Should find and fix the problem, then start the engine. When disruptions in the ignition system to determine the cause of the problem, do not allow the injection of fuel when starting the engine. Do not check for spark with spark plug removed. It is impossible to hold the balance test of high voltage ignition wires disconnecting one of the cylinders. When disconnecting the high voltage ignition wires individual cylinder, even with a special tester, unburnt fuel will enter into the catalytic converter. During outages, avoid ignition of the engine with a high speed of the crankshaft. Correct the problem as soon as possible. Do not park the vehicle on dry leaves or grass. The temperature of the exhaust system in place of the catalytic converter is very high, heat radiation occurs even after turning off the engine. When filling the engine oil must be ensured that the maximum oil level on the dipstick is not exceeded. Otherwise, it may fall over into the catalytic converter and damage the finish, or completely destroy it.
Useful information and advice How to protect converter Replacing the failed converter will be costly, so it would be good to know in advance what the situation is with converters on the market of automobile spare parts and what problems arise in their operation. Until recently, we knew of the converter only the following: it is the sort of thing that is not clear why it is not clear how it works, our gasoline it "kills" in general are nothing but trouble. Cut - and no problems! But gradually we began to get used to the fact that the converter - a thing after all It's a useful, at least the idea of "surgical intervention" in the exhaust system is visited less and less and less number of goals. In spring, when the traffic police are beginning to "fight for the purity of the air," dumped on us one more problem - the need to adjust the SB. Owners of cars equipped with catalytic converters, do not even think, and check posts without passing SB tremble at the knees and fear for your wallet. However, the same purse may well "lose weight" for a different reason. Fines for exceeding the levels of CO may seem penny compared to the cost of the purchase and replacement of catalyst, if it fails. That's why you need to know how to handle it, and to do this you must first understand how it works and how it works. How does the converter During the combustion of fuel-air mixture formed a number of harmful to human health products - carbon monoxide (CO), and various hydrocarbons (CH) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and so forth. While these substances are only 1% of the total exhaust (else - is nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor), they are very harmful and require neutralization. There are several ways of dealing with harmful exhaust components such as lean condition in which the engine is running, or the exhaust gas recirculation, but none of them compares to the effectiveness of the result of the catalytic converter. As experts say, the catalytic converter - a simple device in which there is a complex chemical process. Inside the housing is made of stainless steel, ceramic or metal "brick" with a honeycomb structure. This huge surface area of the monolith, and the whole is covered with a thin layer of a special alloy - actually a catalyst containing platinum, rhodium and palladium. It is these rare metals are responsible for the miraculous properties of the catalyst, they also define its high cost. Exhausts 'wash' the surface of the monolith, and when the temperature reached the "critical" value of +270 ?� C, the catalytic reaction begins. Carbon monoxide is converted dioxide (carbon dioxide), hydrocarbons - in water and then again into carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides - into water and nitrogen. All this environmentally less harmful. Catalytic converters are capable of quite effective in reducing exhaust emissions, and they have virtually no effect on fuel consumption and engine power. If you have a converter slightly increases the exhaust back pressure, causing the engine loses 2-3 hp, but it is almost all the "price" for the purification of exhaust gases. However, the installation of the catalyst - not a perfect solution. Theoretically, it should serve as an infinitely as the aforementioned metals are only catalyst which is a chemical reaction, as is known, is not consumed. In practice, the catalyst has a lifetime limit ... Reasons for refusal converter The refusal of the catalytic converter can occur for several reasons, although this is usually a gradual process, catch which is impossible without special equipment. "The core of the" most converters made of ceramic - a material known for its fragility. The car can speed to get into a pothole, hit about something or even just a "strike" converter body on a stone, on which the catalytic "brick" can crack. After this loss, "core" of their working qualities - time business. Neutralization of the new generation, comprising a metallic monolith, less vulnerable in this respect. Beat them, of course, possible, but in any case it is not so simple. In addition to physical destruction, there is another common cause of output converter failure - fuel. It is extremely sensitive to the composition of the fuel. If leaded petrol, the tetraethyl lead, contained therein, is deposited on the active surface of the catalyst "bricks" and quickly "contaminates" it, causing all sorts of reactions cease. Already, it seems, at the pump and put the hose of different sizes and dispensers painted in different colors, and write about it on every street corner, and consumers are still sometimes confused and do not pour the gasoline. But it is enough to "burn" polbaka such gasoline to "kill" the converter. Not only leaded gasoline - the enemy converter. It can destroy and unleaded if faulty engine control system is not fully air-fuel mixture is burned or badly worn engine. Ternary catalytic converters ("triple", because the catalyst is a combination of three metals) is installed only on those machines, engines which are equipped with closed-loop emission control. Before the converter is installed oxygen sensors, which evaluates the composition of the exhaust gas and transmits the data to the central unit of the electronic engine management system. Depending on the oxygen content in gases, the central unit controls the composition of the combustible mixture and the ignition so as to maintain their optimum values. It serves as the main protection converter and provides fuel economy, high efficiency motor. Neutralizer can not tolerate large deviations in either direction in the mixture. Poorly tuned engine with high content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust simply ruin converter. Too lean mixture can cause overheating of the catalytic converter sharply, from which again affected the monolith, only to have "physically". Thus, the "life" depends on the health of converter engine management system. Much depends on the serviceability of the oxygen sensor. With the "age" becomes "lazy" or completely out of order, which affects the composition of the working mixture and thus serviceability converter. Spoil converter may badly worn engine exhaust, burning oil. Last, getting together with the exhaust in the catalytic converter, "baked" on the surface of the monolith, like varnish, and does not provide converter function. There are other factors. For example, a candle. Improper spark will not give complete combustion, which can cause a ruinous neutralizer reaction melt. Be careful when using additives to gasoline or motor oil. Most drivers do not think about it, and after all additives can also adversely affect the converter. If a product does not say "compatible with catalytic converter" is better not to take chances. Another dangerous case - start the engine by towing. This may involve entering the converter pure gasoline. It poisons the catalytic converter, but also cause an instant reaction and even explosion. Yet be careful where you are going, be careful not to fall into deep puddles. The operating temperature of neutralizer is about +900 ?� C. Sudden falling into the water can be fatal. In general, it noted that the service life of catalyst is influenced by the operating conditions. More suffer converters in cars operated in a city mode when the engine is started and stopped frequently. However, during prolonged driving at high speed in the countryside converter also suffers, but from overheating. Finally, you would be wise, if you become a regular inspection system release. If the brackets are broken or loose rubber cushion suspension mufflers, exhaust pipe will vibrate, transferring the load to the converter unnecessary.
| 
