REPAIR MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Hyundai Getz (2002 release)

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Hyundai
	Getz
		Operation and Maintenance
		Engine
			Technical specifications Engine
			Technical specifications Engine
			Specifications Engine displacement of 1.5 and 1.6 liters
			Specifications Engine displacement of 1.5 and 1.6 liters
			Technical specifications of cars with engine capacity of 1.1; 13; 1.5 and 1.6 liters
			The engines working volume of 1,1 and 1,3 l
			The technical condition of the engine
			General comments on the repair of engines
			Removal and installation of the power unit
			The general sequence of disassembly of the engine
			Running the engine after repair
			Checking the engine on the car after repair
			Cylinder block
			The connecting rod-piston group
			The crankshaft and flywheel
			Cylinder Head
			The camshaft and its drive
			Cooling system
			Lubrication system
			Power system
			Exhaust
			Possible engine malfunction, their causes and remedies
			Malfunctions of hydraulic valve lifters
			Malfunction of the fuel system and their solutions
		Transmission
		Chassis
		Steering
		Brakes
		Electrical
		Body
		diagrams

printable version

Power system

Intake system

The power supply system consists of the air filter, fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines and the fuel rail with the injectors. Furthermore, the supply system includes engine sensors, fuel filter and a throttle nozzle with fuel pressure regulator. Fuel pump, submersible type installed in the fuel tank and combined with the fuel gauge sender.

Cars with engine capacity of 1.1 liters and 1.3

Fig. 2.153. Intake manifold and throttle connection: 1 - an inlet duct; 2 - the throttle tube

Intake manifold and throttle tube shown in Fig. 2.153.

Removing the elements of power

Contact sensor connector and the throttle position

Fig. 2.154. Contact sensor connector and throttle position: 1 - absolute pressure sensor; 2 - the throttle position sensor

Fig. 2.155. Pin regulator idling engine displacement of 1.3 liters

Fig. 2.156. Pin regulator idling engine displacement of 1.1 liters

Disconnect the pressure sensor (Fig. 2.154), the idle speed regulation (fig. 2.155 and 2.156) and throttle position sensor (see. Fig. 2.154).

Disconnect the air tube from the throttle tube.

Disconnect the accelerator cable.

Fig. 2.157. Hose crankcase ventilation

Fig. 2.158. The hose of the vacuum amplifier of brakes

Disconnect the crankcase ventilation hose (Fig. 2.157) and the hose of the vacuum brake booster (Fig. 2.158).

Fig. 2.159. Hoses for supplying coolant to the Throttle Body

Disconnect the coolant hoses from the throttle pipe fittings (Fig. 2.159).

Fig. 2.160. Contact fuel injector connectors

Disconnect the connectors from the fuel injector (Fig. 2.160).

Fig. 2.161. Fuel rail with injectors

Remove the fuel rail assembly with nozzles (Fig. 2.161).

Fig. 2.162. Rack mounting the inlet pipeline

Remove the rack mounting intake manifold (Fig. 2.162).

Remove the intake manifold.

Technical condition

Check the receiver for defects or cracks and replace it if necessary.

Check intake manifold for damage or cracks.

Check the air hose for cracks or damage.

Setting

Install the fuel rail with the injectors.

A WARNING

When installing the fuel rail must be taken to prevent the fall of the nozzles.

Connect the injector connectors.

Connect the crankcase ventilation hose and brake booster vacuum hose.

Connect the air tube to the throttle nozzle.

Attach the wire throttle control.

Connect the regulator idling, absolute pressure sensor and throttle position.

Air filter

Fig. 2.163. The air filter and intake system connections: 1 - the transfer tube; 2 - a cover of the air filter housing; 3 - the filter element; 4 - the air filter; 5 - bracket of the air filter; 6 - an integral air intake pipe

The air filter shown in Fig. 2.163.

Withdrawal

Disconnect the air intake tube from the air filter housing.

Remove the air filter housing from the inlet pipe intake system.

Remove the air filter cover and remove the filter element.

Fig. 2.164. Removing the air filter housing engine displacement of 1.1 liters

Fig. 2.165. Removing the air filter housing engine displacement of 1.3 liters

Remove the air filter by removing the bolts (Fig. 2.164 and 2.165).

Technical condition

Check the housing cover and filter element in the absence of warping, corrosion or damage.

Check the air intake pipe for damage.

Check for bent or damaged if the intake silencer.

Fig. 2.166. Removal of dust and other dirt by blowing the top surface of the filter element of compressed air

Check the filter element to reduce capacity, contamination or damage. With low pollution can remove dust and dirt with compressed air from the upper surface of the element (Fig. 2.166).

Check the air filter clogging, contamination or damage.

Setting

Installing the air filter is carried out in reverse order.

Fig. 2.167. Air filter assembly

Air filter assembly shown in Fig. 2.167.

Cars with engine capacity of 1.5 liters and 1.6

Fig. 2.168. Intake manifold and throttle connection: 1 - receiver; 2 - intake manifold; 3 - throttle pipe

Intake manifold and throttle tube shown in Fig. 2.168.

Removing the elements of power

Fig. 2.169. Contact sensor connector and throttle position: 1 - absolute pressure sensor; 2 - the throttle position sensor

Disconnect the pressure sensor (Fig. 2.169), the regulator of idling and the throttle position sensor.

Fig. 2.170. Hose crankcase ventilation

Fig. 2.171. The hose of the vacuum amplifier of brakes

Disconnect the crankcase ventilation hose (Fig. 2.170) and the hose of the vacuum brake booster (Fig. 2.171).

Fig. 2.172. Hoses for supplying coolant to the Throttle Body

Disconnect the coolant hoses from the throttle pipe fittings (Fig. 2.172).

Fig. 2.173. Removing the air filter housing Engine

Disconnect the air intake tube from the air filter housing and remove the filter housing (Fig. 2.173).

Fig. 2.174. Contact fuel injector connectors

Disconnect the connectors from the fuel injector (Fig. 2.174).

Disconnect the accelerator cable.

Fig. 2.175. Fuel rail with injectors

Remove the fuel rail assembly with nozzles (Fig. 2.175).

Fig. 2.176. Rack mounting the inlet pipeline

Remove the rack mounting intake manifold (Fig. 2.176).

Remove the intake manifold assembly and a lining of the inlet pipeline.

Technical condition

Check the receiver for defects or cracks and replace it if necessary.

Check intake manifold for damage or cracks.

Check the air hose for damage or cracks.

Setting

Install the intake manifold with a new gasket.

Set the rack inlet pipeline.

Install the fuel rail with the injectors.

Connect the injector connectors.

Connect the crankcase ventilation hose and brake booster vacuum hose.

Connect the air tube to the throttle nozzle.

Attach the wire throttle control.

Connect the regulator idling, absolute pressure sensor and throttle position.

Air filter

Fig. 2.177. The air filter and intake system connections: 1 - the transfer tube; 2 - a cover of the air filter housing; 3 - the filter element; 4 - the air filter; 5 - bracket of the air filter; 6 - an integral air intake pipe

The air filter shown in Fig. 2.177.

Withdrawal

Disconnect the air intake tube from the air filter housing.

Remove the air filter housing from the inlet pipe intake system.

Remove the air filter cover and remove the filter element.

Fig. 2.178. Removing the air filter housing Engine

Remove the air filter by removing the bolts (Fig. 2.178).

Technical condition

Fig. 2.179. Air filter

Check the body cap and the filter element (Fig. 2.179) for the presence of warping, corrosion or damage.

Check the air intake pipe for damage.

Check for bent or damaged if the intake silencer.

Fig. 2.180. Removal of dust and other dirt by blowing the top surface of the filter element of compressed air

Fig. 2.181. The pressure gauge and hose for fuel pressure test (catalog number spare parts and accessories 09353-24100)

Check the filter element to reduce capacity, contamination or damage. With low pollution can remove dust and dirt with compressed air from the upper surface of the element (Fig. 2.181).

Check the air filter clogging, contamination or damage.

Setting

Installing the air filter is carried out in reverse order.

The engine management system

On cars Hyundai Getz used electronic engine management system, ie, fuel injection system. Distributed injection called because each cylinder fuel injected into a separate nozzle. Fuel injection system reduces exhaust emissions while improving driving characteristics.

There injection system with feedback and without it. This section provides only a brief description of the general principles of device operation and repair of fuel injection systems.

Hyundai engine equipped with feedback control. The exhaust system is installed catalytic converter and the oxygen concentration sensor, which provides feedback. The sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the controller signals on its supports such air-fuel ratio, which provides the most efficient operation of the neutralizer.

The injection system without feedback is not established neutralizer and the oxygen concentration sensor, and to adjust the concentration of CO in the exhaust gas is CO-potentiometer. In this system, the system does not apply as petrol vapor.

Tightening torques in Nm:

Bolts fuel rail ..... 10-15

The gauge of concentration of oxygen ..... 50-60

Bolts crankshaft position sensor ..... 9-11

Bolt knock sensor ..... 16-25

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1. ???°???????µ?‚?? ???? ???»?°???????? ???»?? ?????????µ?????? ???°???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»?????° ( ??????. 2.181 ).

Fig. 2.182. ?????µ?????????‚?µ?»?????‹?? ???°?‚?????±???? ???»?? ???°???????µ?‚???° ???°???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»?????° (???????µ?? ???? ???°?‚?°?»?????? ?·?°???°?????‹?… ?‡?°???‚?µ?? ?? ?????????????????±?»?µ?????? 09353-24000)

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???????‹???µ?????‹?? ???°???…???? ?‚?????»?????°	1. ???‚?µ?‡???° ?‚?????»?????° 2. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? ???°???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»?????° 3. ???????????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????°?‡?µ?? ?‚?????»?????° 4. ???†?µ???»?µ?????µ (???µ?…?°?????‡?µ?????°?? ?????????±???° ???µ???µ???°?‡) 5. ?????»?µ???° ???????‚???????°?¶?????°???‚???? ?????? ???‚?????‰?µ???????? ???µ???°?»?? ?‚?????????·???? 6. ?????µ?‡?? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? 7. ???????????µ???????? ?? ?†???»?????????°?… ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 8. ???????????µ???‹?µ ?????»???†?° 9. ???»?°???°???° ?“?‘?¦ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 10. ???????» ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? 11. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? 12. ?¦?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? 13. ?¦?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? 14. ?¦?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? 15. ?¦?µ???? ???????????†???????µ???° 16. ?¦?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° 17. ?¦?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°
?”???????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?????µ???°?µ?‚????	1. ???‚?µ?‡???° ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? 2. ??»?µ???‚???????µ???‚???»???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???…?»?°?¶???µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 3. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???»?µ???‚???????µ???‚???»???‚?????° 4. ? ?°?????°?‚???? ?? ???????±???° ???°?????°?‚?????° 5. ???µ?????????‚?°?‚ 6. ? ?µ???µ???? ?????????????° ?“? ?? 7. ?’???????????? ???°?????? 8. ?????µ?‡?? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? 9. ???°???»?????‹?? ???°?????? 10. ?“???»???????° ?±?»?????° ?†???»???????????? 11. ?‘?»???? ?†???»???????????? 12. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? 13. ???????» ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????
?”???????°?‚?µ?»?? ???»???…?? ???????????µ???°?µ?‚????	1. ??»?µ???‚???????µ???‚???»???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???…?»?°?¶???µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 2. ? ?°?????°?‚???? ?? ???????±???° ???°?????°?‚?????° 3. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??
?—?°?‚?????????µ?????°?? ?·?°?????°?????° ?‚?????»????????. ???µ???µ?»???? ?? ???°?·?»???? ?‚?????»?????°	1. ?”???µ???°?¶???‹?? ???»?°???? ???°?»?????????? ???????»?????????‹ ?‚?????»???????????? ?±?°???° 2. ???????????±?µ?? 3. ???»?°???°?? ?????µ?????°?‰?µ?????? ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????°

?????? ???°?»???‡???? ?????????? ???· ???»?µ???????‰???… ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ??: ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ ?????????°?µ?‚????, ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ?????‚?????‡?????? ???°?±???‚?°?µ?‚ ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…?????? ???»?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ ???±?»?°???°?µ?‚ ???????‚?°?‚???‡?????? ???????µ???????‚?????‚???? ??“ ?????µ?¶???µ ?????µ???? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???»?µ???????‰?µ?µ.

1. ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???µ?? ???»?µ???‚?????????‚?°??????:

??“ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??;

??“ ???»?°???????µ ?????‚?°??????;

??“ ?????µ?????…???°?????‚?µ?»??.

2. ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ?«???°?????????» ?????·?????° ?°???‚???????±???»??.

3. ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????°:

??“ ?‚?????»???????????????????‹;

??“ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ?„???»???‚??;

??“ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ???°??????.

4. ???????‚?µ???? ?·?°?¶?????°??????:

??“ ?????µ?‡?? ?·?°?¶?????°??????;

??“ ?????????????° ???‹???????????? ???°???????¶?µ??????;

??“ ???°?‚???????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????.

5. ???????‚?µ???? ???????¶?µ?????? ?‚?????????‡???????‚?? ???‚???°?±???‚?°???????… ???°?·????:

??“ ???????‚?µ???? ???????????????‚?µ?»???????? ???µ???‚???»???†???? ???°???‚?µ???°;

??“ ???‚?µ?‡???? ???°?·???µ?¶?µ??????.

6. ?”???????»?????‚?µ?»?????? ?????????µ?????‚?µ:

??“ ???????» ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????;

??“ ?‡?°???‚???‚?? ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????.

???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ???????‚?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»?µ?????????? ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????° ?·?°?‡?°???‚???? ???????·?°???‹ ?? ???°???????µ?????µ?? ???????‚?°???‚?° ?? ?????µ???????µ???????… ????????????????. ???±???·?°?‚?µ?»?????? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ?????µ ?????µ???????µ?????? ???????????????? ?? ???±?µ?????‚?µ???? ?? ???… ???°???µ?¶???????‚??.

???????‚?????»?????‹?µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????? ???»?? ?????????µ??????

? ?°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»??, ?»	Value	?????»???????? ?????????µ??????
?§?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????, ?????? ^-1
1,3; 1,5; 1;6	700?±100	?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ???»?? ???‹???»???‡?µ???????? ???????????†???????µ???µ (?????? ???µ???‚???°?»???????? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???µ???»???‡?µ?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ???»?? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?«N?» ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ?»?µ???‚?????° ???»??
eleven	850?±100	?°???‚???????±???»?µ?? ?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡) ?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ???»?? ???‹???»???‡?µ???????? ???????????†???????µ???µ (?????? ???µ???‚???°?»???????? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???µ???»???‡?µ?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ???»?? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?«N?» ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ?»?µ???‚?????° ???»?? ?°???‚???????±???»?µ?? ?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡)
???????» ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????, ?????°??
1,3; 1,5; 16	5?±5	?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ???»?? ???‹???»???‡?µ???????? ???????????†???????µ???µ (?????? ???µ???‚???°?»???????? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???µ???»???‡?µ?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ???»?? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?«N?» ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ?»?µ???‚?????° ???»??
eleven	8?±5	?°???‚???????±???»?µ?? ?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡) ?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ???»?? ???‹???»???‡?µ???????? ???????????†???????µ???µ (?????? ???µ???‚???°?»???????? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???µ???»???‡?µ?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ???»?? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?«N?» ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ?»?µ???‚?????° ???»?? ?°???‚???????±???»?µ?? ?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡)

???????‚???µ, ?????????µ?????° ?‚?µ?…?????‡?µ?????????? ???????‚?????????? ?? ?????‚?°?????????° ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

A WARNING

To remove the electronic control unit (ECU) pre-clear the dashboard lower trim, acting cautiously, so as not to scratch the dashboard.

If the warning light is lit the engine management system and computer memory are stored DTCs, check the codes using the diagnostic tool HI-SCAN and write, and then unplug the cable from the negative terminal of the battery.

Electronic engine control unit

Withdrawal

Install the steering column to the top position.

Remove the door trim and the end facing the instrument panel.

Fig. 2.184. Removing the cover of the fuse box

Remove the cover of the fuse box (Fig. 2.184).

Screws (indicated by arrows pointing downwards) and the screws (indicated by arrows pointing up) computer mounting (on a balloon - pin self-diagnosis)

Fig. 2.185. Screws (indicated by arrows pointing downwards) and the screws (indicated by arrows pointing up) computer mounting (on a balloon - pin self-diagnosis)

Remove the two screws and the two screws securing the computer (Fig. 2.185).

Fig. 2.186. Pin self-diagnosis

Disconnect the data lines, disconnect the cable of the bonnet and remove the lower trim panel of devices (Fig. 2.186).

Fig. 2.187. ECU engine management system

Remove the ECU (Fig. 2.187).

Installation spend in the reverse order of removal.

Technical condition (check the speed of the crankshaft of the engine idling)

Test conditions:

- Coolant temperature should be between 80-85 ?° C;

- Lighting, engine cooling fan and all accessories are turned off;

NOTE

Before checking the idle speed Check the spark plugs, injectors, idle speed control, the engine compression.

- Gear lever in neutral (on vehicles with automatic transmission selector lever is set to "P" or ?«N?»);

- The steering wheel is set to straight-ahead (only for vehicles with power steering).

Attach the tachometer reference to the primary winding of the ignition coil (refer to the user manual tachometer) or connect the device to the HI-SCAN pin data link.

Start up the engine and let it run at idle.

Increase the engine speed to 2000-3000 ^min -1 for more than 5 seconds, then run the engine at idle speed for 2 minutes.

Check the tachometer engine speed to idle.

Engine speed at idle speed should correspond to the reference values for the test above.

Fuel pump

Switch off the ignition.

Check the operation of the fuel pump, the battery voltage is applied to the pump motor connector terminals.

NOTE

The fuel pump is installed in the fuel tank, so the noise of it is heard only at the removed tank filler cap.

Fig. 2.188. Checking the supply pressure in the fuel hose

Clenching his hand feed the fuel hose, make sure it is under pressure. (Fig. 2.188).

Check the fuel pressure.

Fig. 2.189. Hatch for access to the fuel pump from the car (rear seat folded)

Fold the rear seat backrest, then fold the rear seats folded forward (Fig. 2.189).

Fig. 2.190. Hatch for access to the fuel pump (open)

Use a screwdriver to open the cover flap of the fuel pump in the bottom of the car under the rear seat (Fig. 2.190).

To release the pressure in the fuel lines and hoses start up the engine when the fuel pump is turned off and wait until the engine stops.

Disconnect the negative terminal ("-") of the battery and connect the connector of the fuel pump.

NOTE

Before disconnecting the pipe and the fuel hose, it is necessary to relieve the pressure of fuel to prevent its emission.

Fig. 2.191. Pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of fuel in the system

Connect the pressure gauge (Fig. 2.191) to the fuel filter with an adapter (catalog number spare parts and accessories 09353-24000, 09353-24100, 09353-38000). Tighten the fitting gauge mounting adapter.

Attach the wire to the negative terminal ("-") battery.

Turn the fuel pump voltage is applied to the battery connector on the conclusions of the pump.

After creating a fuel pressure check for leakage of fuel through the pressure gauge and its connection.

Start up the engine and let it run at idle.

Check the fuel pressure.

The nominal value of 350 kPa (3.5 kgf / cm ^2).

If the fuel pressure is not correct, determine the cause and correct the problem as described below.

Stop the engine and observe the fuel pressure at the pressure gauge: the pressure should be kept for about 5 minutes. If the pressure drops, determine the speed of the fall. Identify and correct the cause of the pressure drop.

Relieve the pressure in the fuel line.

Disconnect the hose and the pressure gauge.

A WARNING

When disconnecting the hose fitting cover with a cloth to prevent the release of fuel, as the fuel is under residual pressure.

Replace the hose fitting O-ring.

Connect the fuel hose to the fuel pump nozzle and tighten the union.

Make sure there are no leaks of fuel.

Replacement of the fuel filter and fuel pump

Relieve the pressure in the fuel lines and hose, do the following.

Remove the rear seat cushion and disconnect the connector of the fuel pump.

Start up the engine, wait until it stops, turn off the ignition.

Removing the wire from the negative terminal of the battery

Fig. 2.192. ???‚?????µ???????µ?????µ ?????????????° ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??

???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????????? ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ (?«??“?») ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ( ??????. 2.192 ).

?????????»???‡???‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°.

???‚???µ???????‚?µ ?±???»?‚?‹ ?? ??????????, ?????µ???¶?????°?? ???‚ ?????????????°?‡?????°?????? ???°?????? ?????µ???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ?„???»???‚???°.

A WARNING

???°?????????‚?µ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ?„???»???‚?? ???°?»?„?µ?‚?????? ???»?? ?????µ?????‚?????°?‰?µ?????? ???‹?‚?µ???°?????? ?????‚?°?????µ???????? ?? ???µ?? ?‚?????»?????°.

???‚???µ???????‚?µ ?±???»?‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ?„???»???‚???° ?? ???‹?????‚?µ ?„???»???‚?? ???· ?…???????‚?° ?????µ???»?µ??????.

???????»?µ ?·?°???µ???‹ ?‚?????»???????????? ?„???»???‚???° ???±?µ?????‚?µ???? ?? ???‚?????‚???‚?????? ???‚?µ?‡?µ?? ?‚?????»?????°.

?›???‡???? ???»?? ???????‚?????° ?? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????? (???‚?????‹?‚)

Fig. 2.193. ?›???‡???? ???»?? ???????‚?????° ?? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????? (???‚?????‹?‚)

???‚???µ???‚?????? ???‚?????????‚?µ ?????‹?????? ?»???‡???° ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?°???‚???????±???»?? ?????? ?·?°???????? ???????µ?????µ?? ( ??????. 2.193 ).

?—?°???µ???° ???????°?????‡???‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?»?????° (???????…?????·???†?????????????? ???»?°???°???°)

Fig. 2.194. ???????°?????‡???‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?»?????° (???????…?????·???†?????????‹?? ???»?°???°??)

???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???»?°???? ???‚???????° ???°?????? ?‚?????»?????° ( ??????. 2.194 ), ?·?°?‚?µ?? ???????????‚?µ ???????°?????‡???‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?»?????°.

Fig. 2.195. ?????‚?°?????????‡?????µ ?????»???¶?µ?????µ ???????°?????‡???‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?»?????°

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ???????°?????‡???‚?µ?»?? ???µ???µ?»?????° ?? ?‚?????»???????????????????°?? ?? ?????°?????»???????? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ( ??????. 2.195 ).

?—?°???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????? ?‚?????»?????°

???????????‚?µ ???????±???? ???°?»?????????? ???????»?????????‹ ?‚?????»???????????? ?±?°???° ???»?? ???±???????° ???°???»?µ?????? ?? ?±?°???µ.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????? ?‚?????»?????° ?? ?‚?????»???????‹?? ???°??????

Fig. 2.196. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????? ?‚?????»?????° ?? ?‚?????»???????‹?? ???°??????

???‚???µ???????‚?µ ???????‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????°?·?°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????? ?‚?????»?????° ?? ???‹?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ???· ?±?°???° ( ??????. 2.196 ).

?????????µ?????° ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ???°???????µ???µ?»?µ?????‹?? ???????‹???????? ?‚?????»?????° (???°?‚?‡??????, ??‘??, ?„?????????????? ?? ?‚.??.) ???‹?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ?????µ?????°?‰?µ?????µ ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????° ???»?? ???µ???????‚?°?‚???‡?????? ?µ???? ???????°?‡?? ?? ?†???»?????????‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????? ???°?·?»???‡???‹?… ???µ?¶?????°?… ?µ???? ???°?±???‚?‹. ?????? ???‚???? ?????·?????¶???‹ ???»?µ???????‰???µ ???µ?????????°?????????‚??.

1. ?”???????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????????°?µ?‚???? ?? ?‚?????????? ???»?? ???µ ?????????°?µ?‚????.

2. ?”???????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ?????‚?????‡?????? ???°?±???‚?°?µ?‚ ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????.

3. ???…???????°???‚???? ?…?????????‹?µ ???°?‡?µ???‚???° ?°???‚???????±???»??.

?????? ???°?»???‡???? ???????????? ???· ?????°?·?°?????‹?… ???????·???°?????? ?????µ?¶???µ ?????µ???? ???‹?????»?????‚?µ ???±?‹?‡?????? ?????°?????????‚???‡?µ???????? ???????†?µ????????, ?????»???‡?°?? ?????????µ?????? ?????????????‹?… ???????‚?µ?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»??. ???????»?µ ???‚?????? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???»?µ???µ???‚?‹ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ?????????‰???? ???????±?????° HI-SCAN (???° ???‚?°???†?????… ?‚?µ?…?????‡?µ?????????? ???±???»???¶?????°?????? ?°???‚???????±???»?µ?? Hyundai).

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ?? ?????????????µ?????? ?????µ???????µ?? ?? ??‘?? ???????°???????????°?????‹???? ?????????????°????, ???????°???‹ ?????µ???????µ???‹ ?? ?«???°?????????» ?????·?????° ???»?? ?·?°?‰???‚?‹ ???‚ ???????µ?… ???‚ ???????‚?µ???‹ ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?? ???°?????????????µ?…. ?????? ?????????µ?¶???µ?????? ???????°?????? ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ?????????????°.

?????? ?????????µ?????µ ???°???????·???? ???µ???µ???°?‚?????° ???µ ???‚?????µ???????????‚?µ ???????????? ???‚ ?????»???¶???‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ (?«+?») ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??, ?‡?‚???±?‹ ?????µ?????‚?????°?‚???‚?? ?????????µ?¶???µ?????µ ??‘?? ???????‹???µ?????‹?? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ??.

NOTES

???µ???µ?? ???????‚???µ?? ???»?? ?????‚?°???????????? ?»???±?????? ???· ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???‡???‚?°???‚?µ ???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ??, ?·?°?‚?µ?? ???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????????? ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ (?«-?») ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??.

???µ???µ?? ???‚?????µ???????µ?????µ?? ?????????????° ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ???‹???»???‡???‚?µ ?·?°?¶?????°?????µ. ???‚?????µ???????µ?????µ ???»?? ?????????»???‡?µ?????µ ???????????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ?????? ???°?±???‚?°???‰?µ?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ ???»?? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?????¶?µ?‚ ???‹?·???°?‚?? ?????????µ?¶???µ?????µ ???»?µ???‚?????????????? ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ??????.

?????? ?·?°?????????µ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ???‚ ?????µ?????µ???? ?????‚???‡???????° ?????‚?°?????? ???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????????? ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??, ?‡?‚???±?‹ ???µ ?????????µ?????‚?? ??‘??.

???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? (?°???‚???????±???»?? ?? ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ?????? ?????°?????????‚??????)

Fig. 2.197. ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? (?°???‚???????±???»?? ?? ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ?????? ?????°?????????‚??????)

Fig. 2.198. ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? (?°???‚???????±???»?? ?±?µ?· ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????°?????????‚??????)

?????? ???°?»???‡???? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?? ???????‚?µ???µ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ( ??????. 2.197 ?? 2.198 ). ?•???»?? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????°?? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???µ ???????????»???µ?‚???? ???????»?µ ?‚???µ?… ???????»?µ???????°?‚?µ?»?????‹?… ?†?????»???? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»??, ?»?°?????° ???°?????µ?‚. ?›?°?????° ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ?????°?·?? ?¶?µ ???????»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? (?±?µ?· ?????????° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??), ?‡?‚?? ?????°?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ???° ?µ?µ ?????????°?????????‚??.

?????»????????, ?????? ?????·???°?????? ?»???±?????? ???· ?????‚?????‹?… ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????°:

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?°?»???‚???‡?µ???????? ???µ???‚???°?»???·?°?‚????;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????° ???????‚?µ???° ?????‚?°?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»??;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???µ???…?????? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?????????????µ?? ?????¶???µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?????¶?????? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?????????????µ?? ???µ???…???µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????‹ ?„??????????????;

??“ ???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????° ???????‚?µ???° ???»?°???»?????°?????? ???°?????? ?‚?????»?????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????° ?†?µ???? ???»?µ???‚?????????‚?°??????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??;

??“ ???°???????µ?????µ ?? ?????????????????µ ???µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????? ?????????±???? ???µ???µ???°?‡/?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±???? ???µ???µ???°?‡;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????;

??“ ???°???????µ?????µ ?????????°?»?° ?·?°?????????° ???° ?????»???‡?µ?????µ ???????‚?????»???????? ?»?°?????‹;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?????»???????? ???°?????°?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?·?°?¶?????°??????.

???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? (?°???‚???????±???»?? ?±?µ?· ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????°?????????‚??????)

?—?°???????°??????, ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ?????µ?????????µ?¶???°?µ?‚ ?????????‚?µ?»?? ?? ???°?»???‡???? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?? ???????‚?µ???µ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??. ???????°????, ?µ???»?? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????°?? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???µ ???????????»???µ?‚???? ???????»?µ ?‚???µ?… ???????»?µ???????°?‚?µ?»?????‹?… ?†?????»???? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»??, ?»?°?????° ???°?????µ?‚. ?›?°?????° ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ?????°?·?? ???????»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? (?±?µ?· ?????????° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??), ?‡?‚?? ?????°?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ???° ?µ?µ ?????????°?????????‚??.

?????»????????, ?????? ?????·???°?????? ?»???±?????? ???· ?????‚?????‹?… ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????°:

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?????????????µ???°?µ???‹?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????‹ ?„??????????????;

??“ ???µ?????????°???µ?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??.

?”?»?? ?????????µ?????? ???±?µ?????‚?µ????, ?‡?‚?? ???????»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?»?°?????° ?????????‚ ?????????µ?????? ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ 5 ??, ?° ?·?°?‚?µ?? ???°?????µ?‚.

?•???»?? ?»?°?????° ???µ ?·?°???????°?µ?‚????, ?‚?? ?????·?????¶?????? ???????‡???????? ?????»???µ?‚???? ???±???‹?? ????????????????, ???µ???µ???????°?????µ ?????µ?????…???°?????‚?µ?»?? ???»?? ???°?????? ?»?°?????‹.

???????‚?µ???° ???°?????????°?????????‚??????

?‘?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???????°?µ?‚ ???????°???»?????‰???µ ???????°?????‹ ???° ?????????»?????‚?µ?»?????‹?µ ?????‚?????????‚???° ?? ???±???°?±?°?‚?‹???°?µ?‚ ?????????°?»?‹ ?? ???°?‚?‡???????? (???µ?????‚?????‹?µ ???????°?????‹ ?? ?????????°?»?‹ ???????‚??????????, ???????????µ ??“ ?‚???»?????? ?????? ???????µ???µ?»?µ?????‹?… ?????»?????????…). ?•???»?? ??‘?? ???±???°?????¶?????°?µ?‚ ???‚???»?????µ?????µ ???‚ ?????????‹, ???? ?·?°???????‹???°?µ?‚ ?????°?????????‚???‡?µ???????? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?? ???‹???°?µ?‚ ?????????°?» ???° ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?»???????? ???µ???µ???°?‡?? ???°?????‹?…. ? ?µ?·???»???‚?°?‚ ?????°?????????‚?????? ???‚???±???°?¶?°?µ?‚???? ?·?°???????°?????µ?? ???????‚?????»???????? ?»?°?????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???»?? ???° ???????±?????µ HI-SCAN. ?”???°?????????‚???‡?µ???????µ ???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?…???°?????‚???? ?? ???°?????‚?? ??‘?? ???? ?‚?µ?… ??????, ???????° ???° ???µ???? ???????°?µ?‚???? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ???‚ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??. ???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????°?»?????‚???? ?????? ???‚?????µ???????µ?????? ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ???»?? ???°?·???µ???????µ?????? ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ??‘?? ?»???±?? ???‚?????°???‚???? ?? ?????????‰???? ?????°?????????‚???‡?µ?????????? ???????±?????° HI-SCAN.

NOTE

?????? ???‚?????µ???????µ?????? ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???‚ ???°????????-?»???±?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?? ???°?????‚?? ??‘?? ?·?°???????‹???°?µ?‚???? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚??. ?’ ???‚???? ???»???‡?°?µ ???»?µ?????µ?‚ ?????°?»???‚?? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚??, ???‚?????µ?????????? ???????????? ???‚ ???‚?????†?°?‚?µ?»???????? ???»?µ?????‹ (?«??“?») ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??.

? ?°?±???‚?° ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????°?????????‚??????

1. ?•???»?? ???????° ?? ?‚?° ?¶?µ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???±???°?????¶?????°?µ?‚???? ?? ?????…???°?????µ?‚???? ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ ???????… ?†?????»???? ?????µ?·??????, ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ?????? ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??.

2. ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???°?????µ?‚, ?µ???»?? ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ ?‚???µ?… ?†?????»???? ???????????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???µ ???±???°?????¶?????°???‚????.

3. ?”???°?????????‚???‡?µ???????? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? (DTC) ?·?°???????‹???°?µ?‚???? ?? ???°?????‚?? ??‘?? ?????? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????»?µ ???????… ?†?????»???? ????????????. ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ?????? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???? ???‚???????? ?†?????»?µ.

?????? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ???????????????° ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???? ?·?°???????‹???°?µ?‚???? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚??, ?° ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ?????°?·?? ???????»?µ ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚??.

4. ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ?????? ?????°?»???µ?‚???? ???· ???°?????‚?? ??‘??, ?µ???»?? ???????° ?? ?‚?° ?¶?µ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???µ ???±???°?????¶?????°?µ?‚???? ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ 40 ?†?????»????.

NOTES

?¦?????» ???????????µ???° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ?‚ ???????‚?°?‚???‡???????? ?????µ???µ???? ?µ???? ???°?±???‚?‹, ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ ?????‚?????????? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????° ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ???????‹???°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????µ???‚?° ?????????° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ ???µ???µ?µ ?‡?µ?? ???° 4,5 ?°?? ?? ???????‚?????°?µ?‚ ?·???°?‡?µ?????? ???µ ?????¶?µ 70 ?°??.

?¦?????» ?????µ?·?????? ?????»???‡?°?µ?‚ ?? ???µ?±?? ???????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ???????¶?µ?????µ ?°???‚???????±???»?? ???????»?µ ???°?‡?°?»?° ???µ?????»???????????? ???????‚?°???° ?????µ???? ???? ?????????°?»?°?? ???°?‚?‡???????? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°.

???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ?? ?????????µ???µ???‹ ?? ?‚?°?±?». 2.5.

???°?±?»???†?° 2.5

?”???°?????????‚???‡?µ???????µ ???????‹ (???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ??) ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

?„– ???????°	?????????°?????µ ???µ?????????°?????????‚??	?—?°???????? ?????°?????‚?? ??‘??	???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????°?????????‚??????
?????‚???????±???»?? ?? ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ?????? ?????°?????????‚??????
P0030	???µ?????°?????»???????µ ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????‚?°?????? ???±???????µ???°?‚?µ?»?? ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0031	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° - ?????¶?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0032	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° - ???µ???…?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0036	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	X
P0037	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° - ?????¶?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0038	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° - ???µ???…?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0106	???µ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? ?‚?µ?????‰?µ???? ?·???°?‡?µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0107	?????????µ?????° ?????¶???µ???? ???????????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0108	?????????µ?????° ???µ???…???µ???? ???????????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0112	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0113	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0116	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??/???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0117	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0118	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0121	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????/???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	X
P0122	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0123	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0130	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0131	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0132	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0133	?????µ?»???‡?µ???????µ ?????µ???? ???µ?°???†???? ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0134	?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ???µ ???µ?????‚?????µ?‚	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0136	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0137	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0138	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 2)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0140	?????????µ?????° ?????°???°?·?????° ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0171	???µ???µ???±?µ?????µ?????µ ?????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0172	???µ???µ???±?????°?‰?µ?????µ ?????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0230	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°	ABOUT	X
P0261	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (1-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0264	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (2-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0267	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (3-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0270	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (4-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0262	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (1-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0265	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (2-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0268	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (3-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0271	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (4-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0300	???»???‡?°?????‹?µ ???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0301	???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???? (1-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0302	???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???? (2-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0303	???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???? (3-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0304	???????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?????µ???? (4-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0325	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?‚?????°?†???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0335	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0336	?????????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????µ ?????µ???µ?»???? ?????????????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0340	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0420	???????¶?µ?????µ ???„?„?µ???‚???????????‚?? ?????????????????? ???°?‚?°?»???‚???‡?µ?????????? ???µ???‚???°?»???·?°?‚?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0444	???±???‹?? ?? ?†?µ???? ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???????? ???»?°???°???° ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0445	?????????‚?????µ ?·?°???‹???°?????µ ?? ?†?µ???? ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???????? ???»?°???°???° ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0501	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? /???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0506	?????·???°?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0507	?’?‹???????°?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0562	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?±?????‚???????? ???µ?‚?? ?°???‚???????±???»??	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0563	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?±?????‚???????? ???µ?‚?? ?°???‚???????±???»??	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0605	???????±???° ???????‚?????????????? ?—?? ??‘??	ABOUT	X
P1307	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1308	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1309	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1505	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–1 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1506	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–1 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1507	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–2 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1508	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–2 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1586	???µ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ ?†?µ???? ???????????????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1690	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???° SMATRA	ABOUT	X
P1691	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???° Antena	ABOUT	X
P1693	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?‚???°?????????????µ???° ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???°	ABOUT	X
P1694	???????±???° ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??	ABOUT	X
P1695	???????±???° ??? ???—?? (???»?µ???‚?????‡?µ?????? ???‚?????°?µ???????? ???—??)	ABOUT	X
?????‚???????±???»?? ?±?µ?· ?µ?????????µ?????????? ?±?????‚???????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????°?????????‚??????
P0031	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????°, ?????¶?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0032	?¦?µ???? ???°?????µ???°?‚?µ?»?????????? ???»?µ???µ???‚?° ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????°, ???µ???…?????? ?????????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0107	?????????µ?????° ?????¶???µ???? ???????????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0108	?????????µ?????° ???µ???…???µ???? ???????????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0112	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°	ABOUT	X
P0113	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°	ABOUT	X
P0116	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??/???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	X
P0117	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??	ABOUT ABOUT	ABOUT ABOUT
P0118	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??	ABOUT	X
P0121	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????/???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0122	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0123	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????	ABOUT	X
P0130	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0131	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0132	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0133	?????µ?»???‡?µ???????µ ?????µ???? ???µ?°???†???? ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???????»???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????° (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1, ???°?‚?‡???? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0134	?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ???µ ???µ?????‚?????µ?‚	ABOUT	X
P0171	???µ???µ???±?µ?????µ?????µ ?????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0172	???µ???µ???±?????°?‰?µ?????µ ?????µ???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0230	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0261	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (1-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0264	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (2-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0267	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (3-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0270	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (4-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0262	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (1-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0265	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (2-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	ABOUT
P0268	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (3-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT ABOUT	ABOUT X
P0271	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ?„?????????????? (4-?? ?†???»????????)	ABOUT	X
P0325	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?‚?????°?†???? (?????? ?†???»???????????? 1)	ABOUT	X
P0335	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°	ABOUT	X
P0336	?????????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????µ ?????µ???µ?»???? ?????????????°	ABOUT	X
P0340	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°	ABOUT	X
P0501	?”???°???°?·???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ??????/???°???????µ?????µ ???°?±???‚?‹	ABOUT	X
P0506	?????·???°?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????	ABOUT	X
P0507	?’?‹???????°?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????	ABOUT	X
P0562	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?±?????‚???????? ???µ?‚?? ?°???‚???????±???»??	ABOUT	X
P0563	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?±?????‚???????? ???µ?‚?? ?°???‚???????±???»??	ABOUT	X
P0605	???????±???° ???????‚?????????????? ?—?? ??‘??	ABOUT	X
P1505	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–1 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1506	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–1 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1507	?????·?????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–2 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1508	?’?‹?????????? ?????????µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???° ???±?????‚???µ ?„–2 ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°	ABOUT	ABOUT
P1586	???µ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ ?†?µ???? ???????????????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?°	ABOUT	X
P1690	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???° SMATRA	ABOUT	X
P1691	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???° Antena	ABOUT	X
P1693	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?‚???°?????????????µ???° ?????????±???»?°???·?µ???°	ABOUT	X
P1694	???????±???° ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??	ABOUT	X
P1695	???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ??? ???—?? (???»?µ???‚?????‡?µ?????? ???‚?????°?µ???????? ???—??)	ABOUT	X

? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

Fig. 2.199. ? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,1 ?»: 1 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? (MAP); 2 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° (IAT); 3 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? (?•????); 4 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? (TPS); 5 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 6 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 7 ??“ ?????????????µ???°?µ???‹?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (HO2S); 8 ??“ ?„?????????????°; 9 ??“ ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° (ISA); 10 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??; 11 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????; 14 ??“ ???µ?»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???°; 15 ??“ ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° (PCSV); 16 ??“ ???»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????°; 17 ??“ ???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????; 19 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

Fig. 2.200. ? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,3 ?»: 1 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? (MAP); 2 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° (IAT); 3 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? (?•????); 4 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? (TPS); 5 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 6 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 7 ??“ ?????????????µ???°?µ???‹?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°; 8 ??“ ?„?????????????°; 9 ??“ ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° (ISA); 10 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??; 11 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????; 14 ??“ ???µ?»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???°; 15 ??“ ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° (PCSV); 16 ??“ ???»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????°; 17 ??“ ???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????; 19 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

Fig. 2.201. ? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,5 ?? 1,6 ?»: 1 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? (MAP); 2 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° (IAT); 3 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? (?•????); 4 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? (TPS); 5 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 6 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° (????? ); 7 ??“ ?????????????µ???°?µ???‹?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°; 8 ??“ ?„?????????????°; 9 ??“ ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° (ISA); 10 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??; 11 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????; 14 ??“ ???µ?»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???°; 15 ??“ ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° (PCSV); 16 ??“ ???»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????°; 17 ??“ ???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????; 19 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

Fig. 2.202. ? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ???°?»?????µ ?°???‚???????±???»??: 12 ??“ ???‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ?·?°?¶?????°??????; 13 ??“ ???»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? (?•????); 18 ??“ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?»???????? ???µ???µ???°?‡?? ???°?????‹?…

? ?°???????»???¶?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???????°?·?°???? ???° ??????. 2.199 , 2.200 , 2.201 , 2.202 .

NOTE

?”?»?? ?????µ?… ???????????????? ???????????‚?? ?????????°?????????µ ?†???„?????????µ ???±???·???°?‡?µ?????µ ???»?µ???µ???‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??, ?????µ???‰???… ?????????°?????????µ ?„???????†???????°?»???????µ ???°?·???°?‡?µ?????µ.

??»?µ???µ???‚?‹ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

Fig. 2.203. ?”?°?‚?‡?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??: 1 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? (MAP); 2 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° (IAT); 3 ??“ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? (TPS)

Fig. 2.204. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??

Fig. 2.205. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° ?? ???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????

Fig. 2.206. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°

Fig. 2.208. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°

Fig. 2.207. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°

Fig. 2.209. ??»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

Fig. 2.210. ? ?µ?»?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??: 14 ??“ ???µ?»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???°; 16 ??“ ???»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????°

Fig. 2.211. ?¤??????????????

? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

Fig. 2.212. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

Fig. 2.213. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??

Fig. 2.214. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??

Fig. 2.215. ???????µ???°?†???? ???‹?????????? ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ??‘??

??»?µ???µ???‚?‹ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???????°?·?°???‹ ???° ??????. 2.203 , 2.204 , 2.205 , 2.206 , 2.207 , 2.208 , 2.209 , 2.210 , 2.211 , 2.212 , 2.213 , 2.214 , 2.215 .

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? (MAP) ???‹?????»???µ?? ?? ???????µ ???µ???µ???µ?????????? ???µ?·?????‚?????°, ?‡???????‚?????‚?µ?»?????????? ?? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°???»?µ??????. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???·???µ?????µ?‚ ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°???»?µ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?‚?????±???????????????µ ?? ?·?°???????????????‚?? ???‚ ???·???µ???µ?????? ???°???????·???? ?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?‹ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ?????µ???±???°?·???µ?‚ ???… ?? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ???‹?…???????????? ?????????°?»?°. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???·???µ?????µ?‚ ?‚?°???¶?µ ?±?°???????µ?‚?????‡?µ???????µ ???°???»?µ?????µ ?? ???????µ???‚ ?????????° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ?????? ???µ?????‚?????‹?… ?????»?????????… ???±?µ?????µ?‡?????°?µ?‚ ??‘?? ?????·?????¶???????‚?? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ?????? ???°???‚???°?????°?‚?????? ???° ???°?·???‹?µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????? ???‹?????‚?‹ ???°?? ???????????µ?? ????????. ??‘?? ???????°?µ?‚ ???° ???°?‚?‡???? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????‚?°?????? 5 ?’ ?? ???±???°?±?°?‚?‹???°?µ?‚ ?????????°?»?‹ ???°?‚?‡?????°, ???µ???µ???°???°?µ???‹?µ ???? ?†?µ???? ???µ???µ???°?‡?? ?????????°?»?°. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????µ???????µ?? ?? ?«???°?????????» ?‡?µ???µ?· ?????‚?????µ?????‹?? ???µ???µ???µ?????‹?? ???µ?·?????‚????. ?’ ?·?°???????????????‚?? ???‚ ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ??‘?? ???µ?????»???????µ?‚ ???????????»?¶???‚?µ?»?????????‚?? ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????° ?? ???????» ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????.

?????°?????????‚???‡?µ???????µ ???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ?? ?? ???»?µ???????‰???… ???»???‡?°???….

1. ?’ ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ 0,1 ?? ???????»?µ ?????»???‡?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ???°???»?µ?????µ ???? ???????????????? ?‚?????±???????????????µ ???µ???µ?µ 118 ???±?°??.

2. ?????? ?‡?°???‚???‚?µ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????¶?µ 1980 ?????? ^-1 ???°???»?µ?????µ ???? ???????????????? ?‚?????±???????????????µ ???µ???µ?µ 118 ???±?°??.

3. ?????? ???‚?????‰?µ???????? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ???°???»?µ?????µ ???? ???????????????? ?‚?????±???????????????µ ???µ ???µ???µ?µ 986 ???±?°??, ?° ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ???µ ?????¶?µ 2400 ?????? ^-1 (???°?? ?µ???»?? ?±?‹ ?°???‚???????±???»?? ?????????°?»???? ???????· ???? ?????»??????).

?????????µ?????°.

Fig. 2.216. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ???° ???‹???????°?… ?«1?» ?? ?«4?» ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? ( ??????. 2.216 ).

?’?‹?????? ?«4?» ??“ ?«???°?????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????.

?’?‹?????? ?«1?» ??“ ???‹?…???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????.

???????‚?????????µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????»?° ?‚?????°, ??

?—?°?¶?????°?????µ ?????»???‡?µ????.....4??“5

?????»?????‚???? ?…????.................1,14?±0,4

?????? ???‚???»?????µ?????? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ???‚ ?????????‹ ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° (IAT), ?????‚?????µ?????‹?? ?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ??????, ?????»???µ?‚???? ???°?‚?‡???????? ?‚?µ?????????‚???????????? ?‚?????°, ???·???µ???????‰???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????? ?????·?????…?° ???° ???????????µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»??. ???? ?????„???????°?†???? ?? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????µ ?????·?????…?° ???‚ ???°?‚?‡?????° ??‘?? ???µ?????»???????µ?‚ ?????»???‡?µ???‚???? ???????‹?????????°?µ???????? ?‚?????»?????°.

???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?·?°???????°?µ?‚???? ???»?? ???° ???????±???? HI-SCAN ???‹?????????‚???? ?????°?????????‚???‡?µ???????µ ???????‹ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ?? ?? ???»???‡?°?µ, ?????????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????° ?????·?????…?° ???° ???????????µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????¶?µ ??“40 ???»?? ???‹???µ +120 ?°??.

Fig. 2.217. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° ?? ??‘??

?????????µ?????°. ?????»???‚?????µ?‚?????? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?° ???° ???‹???????°?… ?«3?» ?? ?«4?» ( ??????. 2.217 ).

?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????:

???µ?????µ???°?‚?????° ?????·?????…?°, ?°?? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ, ??????

04................5??“7,5

20................2,0??“3,0

40................0,7??“1,6

80................0,2??“0,4

?????? ???‚???»?????µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???‚ ?????????‹ ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ?????°???‹???°?µ???????? ?????·?????…?°.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??

Fig. 2.218. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ???????°?·?°?? ???° ??????. 2.218 .

Fig. 2.219. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?? ??‘?? (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,3; 1,5 ?? 1,6 ?»)

Fig. 2.220. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?? ??‘?? (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,1 ?»)

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?????‚?°???????»?µ?? ?? ?‚?????±???????????????µ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ???° ?????»???????µ ?±?»?????° ?†???»????????????. ???? ???·???µ?????µ?‚ ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????? ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?? ???‹???°?µ?‚ ?????????°?» ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???‹?????»???µ?? ?? ???????µ ?‚?µ?????????‚?????°, ?‡???????‚?????‚?µ?»?????????? ?? ???·???µ???µ?????? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹. ??»?µ???‚?????‡?µ???????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????µ???????°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????‹???µ?????µ?? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹. ??‘?? ???????µ???µ?»???µ?‚ ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????? ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ???? ?·???°?‡?µ?????? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?? ?????‚?°???°???»?????°?µ?‚ ?????‚?????°?»???????µ ???±?????°?‰?µ?????µ ?‚?????»???????????·???????????? ?????µ???? ?????? ???????????µ???µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ( ??????. 2.219 , 2.220 ).

?????????µ?????°. ???????????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?? ?????????????????? ?‚?????±???????????????°.

Fig. 2.221. ?????????µ?????° ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????°, ???????????·???? ?µ???? ?‡???????‚?????‚?µ?»?????‹?? ???»?µ???µ???‚ ?? ?????????‡???? ???????? ( ??????. 2.221 ).

???µ?????µ???°?‚?????°, ?°?? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ, ??????

??“30........22,22??“31,78

??“10........8,16??“10,74

0............5,18??“6,60

20..........2,27??“2,73

40..........1,059??“1,281

60..........0,538??“0,650

80..........0,298??“0,322

90..........0,219??“0,243

?????? ???‚???»?????µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???‚ ?????????‹ ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡????.

?????‚?°?????????°. ???°???µ?????‚?µ ???° ???µ?·???±???????? ?‡?°???‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?????µ?‚???? LOCTITE 962T ???»?? ?°???°?»???????‡???‹??.

?—?°???µ???????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚?? ?? ?·?°?‚???????‚?µ ?µ???? ???????µ???‚????

15??“20 ???·??.

???°???µ?¶???? ?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???????????????? ???°?‚?‡?????°.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????

Fig. 2.222. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? ???????°?·?°?? ???° ??????. 2.222 .

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? ???‹?????»???µ?? ???° ???µ???µ???µ???????? ???µ?·?????‚?????µ, ?????‚?????‹?? ?????°?‰?°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????, ???·???µ?????? ???????» ?µ?µ ???‚?????‹?‚????. ?’???°?‰?µ?????µ ?????? ?·?°???»???????? ???‹?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ???·???µ???µ?????µ ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????°, ???? ?????‚?????????? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???????µ???µ?»???µ?‚ ???‚?µ???µ???? ???‚?????‹?‚???? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????.

1. ?????„???????°?†???? ???‚ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? ???°?¶???° ???»?? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡. ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????¶?µ?‚ ???‹?·???°?‚?? ???‹?????? ?????? ???µ???µ???»???‡?µ?????? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ?? ???????????µ ???°???????µ?????? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?°???‚?????°?‚???‡?µ???????? ?????????±???? ???µ???µ???°?‡.

2. ?????? ???°???????µ?????? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…?????? ???»?? ???…???????µ?????? ???????°???????? ???°?·???????° ?????????µ?????‚?µ ?????µ???????µ?????µ ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????°. ?????? ???»???…???? ?????µ???????µ?????? ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???°?????‹?µ, ???‹???????????‹?µ ???????±???????? HI-SCAN, ?????????‚ ?????°?·?‹???°?‚?? ???° ???‚?????‚???‚?????µ ???µ???µ?…?????° ???° ???µ?¶???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ?????? ???‚?????‰?µ???????? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°. ??‚?? ?????????µ???µ?‚ ?? ???°???????µ?????? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…?????? ?? ???…???????µ?????? ???????°???????? ???°?·???????°.

3. ?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????????°?»?° ???‚ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????¶?µ 0,1 ?’ ???»?? ???‹???µ 4,7 ?’ ???????????????‚ ?? ?·?°???????°?????? ???????‚?????»???????? ?»?°?????‹.

?????????µ?????°. ? ?°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????.

Fig. 2.223. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???° ???????‚?°???‚?°?… ?«2?» (?«???°?????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????°) ?? ?«3?» (?????‚?°?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????°) ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????° ( ??????. 2.223 ).

???????????°?»???????µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? 0,7??“3,0 ??????.

Fig. 2.224. ???…?µ???° ?????????»???‡?µ?????? ?????? ?????????µ?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ?°???°?»?????????‹?? ???????µ?‚?? ?? ???????‚?°???‚?°?? ?«2?» (?«???°?????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????°) ?? ?«1?» (?????????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????°) ???????‚?°???‚???????? ???°?·???µ???° ???°?‚?‡?????° ( ??????. 2.224 ).

???µ???»?µ?????? ???µ???µ???µ?‰?°?? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? ???· ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ?? ?????»???¶?µ?????µ ?????»???????? ???‚?????‹?‚????, ???»?µ?????‚?µ ?·?° ???»?°?????????‚???? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ?????????????†???????°?»?????? ?????»?? ???‚?????‹?‚???? ?·?°???»????????.

?????? ???‚???»?????µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???‚ ?????????‹ ???»?? ?µ???? ???µ???»?°???????? ???·???µ???µ?????? ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????.

???????µ???‚ ?·?°?‚???¶???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»???????? 1,5??“2,5 ???·??.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°

Fig. 2.225. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?° (????? ) ???????µ???µ?»???µ?‚ ?’???? ?‚?°???‚?° ???¶?°?‚???? ???????????? ???µ?????????? ?†???»?????????°. ?????????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????»???·???µ?‚???? ?±?»???????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???»?? ???????µ???µ?»?µ?????? ???????»?µ???????°?‚?µ?»?????????‚?? ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????° ( ??????. 2.225 ).

?????? ?????????µ?????µ ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????»???·?????‚?µ ?‚?°?±?». 2.6.

???°?±?»???†?° 2.6

?????????µ?????° ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°

?????»???????? ?????????µ??????	???????‚?????»?????‹?µ ?·???°?‡?µ??????,?’ (?“?†)
?????»?????‚???? ?…????	0-5 (5-8)
?????? ?‡?°???‚???‚?µ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° 3000 ?????? ^-1	0-5 (24-26)

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°

Fig. 2.226. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???????°?·?°?? ???° ??????. 2.226 .

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??, ???????‚?????‰???? ???· ???°???????‚?° ?? ???±?????‚????, ?????‚?°???????»?µ?? ?? ?·???±?‡?°?‚?????? ???µ???†?° ???°?…?????????°. ???? ?????????°?»?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???????µ???µ?»???µ?‚ ?‡?°???‚???‚?? ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?? ?????»???¶?µ?????µ ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?°.

?????????µ?????°. ? ?°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??.

Fig. 2.227. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,3; 1,5 ?? 1,6 ?»)

Fig. 2.228. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,1 ?»)

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???µ?¶???? ???????‚?°???‚?°???? ?«1?» ?? ?«2?» ( ??????. 2.227 ?? 2.228 ).

???????????°?»???????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???????‚?°???»???µ?‚ 0,486??“0,594 ?????? ?????? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????µ 20 ?°??.

?•???»?? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???‹?…???????‚ ?·?° ?????µ???µ?»?‹ ?????°?·?°?????????? ?????‚?µ?????°?»?°, ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡????.

?????‚?°?????????‡???‹?? ?·?°?·???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 0,5??“1,5 ????.

???????µ???‚ ?·?°?‚???¶???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? 9??“11 ???·??.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (???±???????µ???°?µ???‹??)

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°

Fig. 2.229. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????°

Fig. 2.230. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ?? ??‘?? (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,3; 1,5 ?? 1,6 ?»)

Fig. 2.231. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ?? ??‘?? (?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‡???? ???±???µ?????? 1,1 ?»)

???±???????µ???°?µ???‹?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° ( ??????. 2.229 ) ???·???µ?????µ?‚ ???????µ???¶?°?????µ ???????»?????????° ?? ???‚???°?±???‚?°???????… ???°?·?°?… ?? ?????µ???±???°?·???µ?‚ ???·???µ?????µ?????? ???µ?»???‡?????? ?? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????????°?»?°, ?????‚?????‹?? ???‹???°?µ?‚???? ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ( ??????. 2.230 ?? 2.231 ). ?????? ???±?????°?‰?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????·???????????? ?????µ???? ???‹???µ ???°???‡?µ?‚???????? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????????°?»?° ???±???????µ???°?µ???????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????‚?°???»???µ?‚ ???????»?? 800 ???’, ?° ?????? ?±???»?µ?µ ?±?µ???????? ?????µ???? (?±???»?????µ?? ???????µ???¶?°?????? ???????»?????????° ?? ???‚???°?±???‚?°???????… ???°?·?°?…) ??“ ???????»?? 100 ???’. ?????????»???·???? ?????????°?»?‹ ???°?‚?‡?????°, ??‘?? ???????°???»???µ?‚ ???????‹???????? ?‚?????»?????° ?‚?°?????? ???±???°?·????, ?‡?‚???±?‹ ?????»???‡???‚?? ???°???‡?µ?‚???‹?? ???????‚?°?? ?‚?????»???????????·???????????? ?????µ????.

?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????¶?µ?‚ ???µ?·???? ???????‹?????‚?????? ?‚?????????‡???????‚?? ???‚???°?±???‚?°???????… ???°?·????.

?•???»?? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????????°???µ??, ???? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?µ???? ?????????°?»?° (?‚?°?±?». 2.7) ???µ ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ?‚ ?????????µ, ???±?µ?????‚?µ???? ?? ???‚?????‚???‚?????? ???»?µ???????‰???… ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ?? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???µ?????»?????????°?????? ???????‚?°???° ???°?±???‡?µ?? ?????µ????:

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?„??????????????;

??“ ???????????? ?????·?????…?° ???? ???????????????? ?‚?????±??????????????;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???°?????????????? ???°???…?????° ?????·?????…?°, ???»?°???°???° ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° ?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????‹ ???…?»?°?¶???°???‰?µ?? ?¶???????????‚??;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ????????????????.

???°?±?»???†?° 2.7

?????????µ?????° ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?????? ???????????µ?‚???? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ)

???????‚?????????µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»??	???????‚?????»???????µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????µ, ???’
? ?µ?·?????? ???±?????? ?‡?°???‚???‚?‹	???µ ???‹???µ 200
?????°?‰?µ?????? ?? 4000 ?????? ^-1 ? ?µ?·?????µ ?????µ?»???‡?µ?????µ ?‡?°???‚???‚?‹ ???°?‰?µ??????	600-1000

NOTE

?????? ???µ?·?????? ???‚?????????°?????? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ???????»?µ ???°?±???‚?‹ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????? ?‡?°???‚???‚?µ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ???????»?? 4000 ?????? ^-1 ???????°?‡?° ?‚?????»?????° ?????°?‚?????????µ???µ?????? ?????µ?????°?‰?°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????±???? HI-SCAN ???????°?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ?·???°?‡?µ?????? ???µ ???‹???µ 200 ???’. ?????? ???µ?·?????? ???°?¶?°?‚???? ???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ???????°?·?°?????? ???µ???µ???????‚ ?? ?????‚?µ?????°?» 600??“1000 ???’. ?????? ???????¶?µ?????? ?‡?°???‚???‚?‹ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????????°?»?° ?±?????µ?‚ ?????»?µ?±?°?‚?????? ???‚ 200 ???’ ???? 600 ???’. ?’ ???‚???? ???»???‡?°?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ?????¶???? ???‡???‚?°?‚?? ?????????°?????‹??.

Fig. 2.232. ?¤?????????????°

Fig. 2.233. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?„?????????????? ?? ??‘??

?¤?????????????? ( ??????. 2.232 ) ???????‹?????????°???‚ ?‚?????»?????? ???? ???????°???»?????‰???? ?????????°?»?°?? ???‚ ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??. ?????»???‡?µ???‚???? ???????‹?????????°?µ???????? ?„???????????????? ?‚?????»?????° ???????µ???µ?»???µ?‚???? ?????µ???µ???µ??, ?? ?‚?µ?‡?µ?????µ ?????‚?????????? ???° ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ?„?????????????? ???????°?µ?‚???? ???????°???»?????‰?µ?µ ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ( ??????. 2.233 ).

1. ?’???·?????¶???‹???? ???????‡?????°???? ?·?°?‚?????????µ?????????? ?????????° ?????????‡?µ???? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????????‚ ?±?‹?‚?? ???µ???????‚?°?‚???‡?????µ ???°???»?µ?????µ ?‚?????»?????° ?? ???‚?µ?‡???? ?‚?????»?????° ?‡?µ???µ?· ?„??????????????.

2. ?•???»?? ?„?????????????? ???µ ???°?±???‚?°???‚ ?????? ?????????????‡?????°?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???‚?°???‚?µ??????, ?????????µ?????‚?µ, ???µ?‚ ?»?? ???»?µ???????‰???… ???µ?????????°?????????‚?µ??:

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?†?µ???? ?????‚?°?????? ??‘?? ???»?? ?†?µ???? ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ?«???°?????????»;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???»?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??;

??“ ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ???»?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????»???¶?µ?????? ???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»?????????? ???°?»?°.

3. ?•???»?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ ???µ?????µ?‚???? ?????? ???????‡?µ???µ???????? ???‚???»???‡?µ?????? ?„??????????????, ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???° ???????‚???µ?‚???‚???????‰?µ?? ?†???»?????????µ ???»?µ???????‰?µ?µ:

??“ ?„?????????????? ?? ???… ?????????????°;

??“ ?????µ?‡?? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?? ?????????????° ???‹???????????? ???°???????¶?µ??????;

??“ ???????????µ???????? ?? ?†???»?????????µ.

4. ?•???»?? ???????‚?µ???° ???????‹?????° ?????????°?????°, ???? ???????????»?¶???‚?µ?»?????????‚?? ???????‹?????° ???µ ???????‚???µ?‚???‚?????µ?‚ ?????????µ, ?????????µ?????‚?µ, ?????»???????‚???? ?»?? ?????????°?µ?‚ ?????µ???? (?????????°?????????‚?? ?????µ?‡?µ?? ?? ???°?‚????????

?·?°?¶?????°??????, ???????????µ???????? ?? ?†???»?????????°?… ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ?‚.??.).

5. ???????‚?????»?????°?? ?»?°?????° ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????????‚ ???»?? ???° ???????±???? HI-SCAN ???‹?????????‚???? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?„??????????????.

?????????µ?????°. ? ?°?±???‚?????????????±???????‚?? ?????????µ???????‚ ?? ?????????‰???? ???????±?????° HI-SCAN:

??“ ???????‡?µ???µ?????? ?????»???‡???‚?µ ?„??????????????;

??“ ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????»?¶???‚?µ?»?????????‚?? ???????‹?????° ?‚?????»?????° ?„?????????????°????.

Fig. 2.234. ?????????µ?????° ???°?±???‚?????????????±???????‚?? ?„?????????????? ???° ???»???… ?? ?????????‰???? ???‚?µ?‚???????????°

?????¶???? ?????????µ?????‚?? ???°?±???‚?????????????±???????‚?? ???° ???»???…. ?”?»?? ???‚?????? ?? ?????????‰???? ???‚?µ?‚???????????° ?????????»?????°???‚?µ ?‰?µ?»?‡???? ???°?±???‚?‹ ?„?????????????? ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…?????? ( ??????. 2.234 ). ???±?µ?????‚?µ????, ?‡?‚?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?° ???????‚?????µ?????? ?‰?µ?»?‡?????? ???????‹???°?µ?‚???? ?? ?????µ?»???‡?µ?????µ?? ?‡?°???‚???‚?‹ ?????°?‰?µ?????? ?????»?µ???‡?°?‚?????? ???°?»?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»??.

NOTE

?????????»?????????°?????µ ???????????????‚?µ ?‚?°??, ?‡?‚???±?‹ ?‰?µ?»?‡???? ???µ ???µ???µ???°???°?»?????? ???? ?‚?????»?????????? ???°?????µ ???‚ ???????µ?????µ?? ?„?????????????? ???° ???µ???°?±???‚?°???‰???? ?„??????????????.

Fig. 2.235. ?????????µ?????° ???°?±???‚?????????????±???????‚?? ?„?????????????? ???°?»???†?µ??

?????? ???‚?????‚???‚?????? ???‚?µ?‚???????????° ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???°?±???‚?? ?„??????????????, ?????????»?°???‹???°?? ?? ?????? ???°?»?µ?† ( ??????. 2.235 ). ?•???»?? ?????? ???‚???? ?????±???°?†???? ???µ ???‰???‰?°?µ?‚????, ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ??, ?„?????????????? ???»?? ???????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???????°???»?????‰?µ???? ?????????°?»?° ???‚ ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??.

Fig. 2.236. ?????????µ?????° ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???° ???‹???????°?… ?„??????????????

?”?»?? ?????????µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???° ???‹???????°?… ?„?????????????? ???°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?„?????????????? ?? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???° ?µ?µ ???‹???????°?… ( ??????. 2.236 ).

???????????°?»???????µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????µ ???????‚?°???»???µ?‚ (15,9?±0,35) ???? ?????? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????µ 20 ?°??.

?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?„??????????????.

? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

Fig. 2.237. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

Fig. 2.238. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°

? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ( ??????. 2.237 ) ???????°?‰?µ?? ?????????? ???±?????‚???°???? ?? ???????°???»???µ?‚???? ???°?·???µ?»?????‹???? ???°?????°???°???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ??‘?? ( ??????. 2.238 ). ?’ ?·?°???????????????‚?? ???‚ ???????„?„???†???µ???‚?° ?·?°?????»???µ?????? ???????»?µ???????°?‚?µ?»?????????‚?? ?????????»???????? ?????·???°?µ?‚???? ???°?????????µ?????µ ???°???????‚???‹?… ?????» ???° ???±?µ???… ???±?????‚???°?…, ?????? ???µ?????‚?????µ?? ?????‚?????????? ???»?µ???‚?????????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ?????»???‚?????° ???????????°?‡?????°?µ?‚???? ???° ???°?·???‹?µ ?????»?‹. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ?????‚?°???????»?µ?? ?? ?????·???????????? ???°???°?»?µ, ???‹?????»???µ???????? ???°???°?»?»?µ?»?????? ?????????????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????.

?????????µ?????°. ? ?°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°.

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???µ?¶???? ???‹???????°???? ???µ?????»???‚?????°.

???????????°?»???????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ?????? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???µ?¶???? ???‹???????°???? ?«1?» ?? ?«2?» ???????‚?°???»???µ?‚

10,5??“14,0 ????, ?????? ???·???µ???µ?????? ???µ?¶???? ???‹???????°???? ?«2?» ?? ?«3?» ??“ 10??“12 ???? ?????? 20 ?°??.

?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???µ?????»???‚?????° ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????°.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??

Fig. 2.239. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?? ??‘?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»??

?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»?? ?????µ?????‚?°???»???µ?‚ ?????±???? ???°?‚?‡???? ?????»?»?°, ?????‚?°???????»?µ?????‹?? ???°???????‚???? ???‹?…???????????? ???°?»?° ?????????±???? ???µ???µ???°?‡. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ?????µ???±???°?·???µ?‚ ?‡?°???‚???‚?? ?????°?‰?µ?????? ???°?»?° ?????????±???? ???µ???µ???°?‡ ?? ?????????»???????‹?? ?????????°?», ???‹???°???°?µ???‹?? ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ( ??????. 2.239 ).

?????? ???°?»???‡???? ???±???‹???° ???»?? ?????????‚???????? ?·?°???‹???°?????? ?? ?†?µ???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????????‚?? ???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?????¶?µ?‚ ?·?°???»???…?????‚?? ?????? ?·?°???µ???»?µ?????? ?°???‚???????±???»?? ???? ?????»?????? ?????‚?°??????????.

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????

Fig. 2.240. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????

Fig. 2.241. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?‚?????°?†???? ?? ??‘??

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†???? ( ??????. 2.240 ) ?????‚?°???????»?µ?? ???° ?±?»?????µ ?†???»????????????. ?’???·???????°???‰?°?? ?????? ???µ?‚?????°?†???? ?????±???°?†???? ?±?»?????° ?†???»???????????? ???µ???µ???°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????µ ???°???»?µ?????? ???° ?????µ?·?????»?µ???‚?????‡?µ???????? ???»?µ???µ???‚ ???°?‚?‡?????°. ??‚?? ?????±???°?†???????????µ ???°???»?µ?????µ ?????µ???±???°?·???µ?‚???? ?? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?????????°?»?°, ???‹???°???°?µ???????? ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ( ??????. 2.241 ). ?’???·???????°???‰?°?? ???µ?‚?????°?†???? ???????°???»???µ?‚???? ?????‚?µ?? ?????µ???????µ?????? ?????»?° ?????µ???µ?¶?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°??????.

Fig. 2.242. ???…?µ???° ?????????µ?????? ???????????‚?????»?µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?‚?????°?†????

?????????µ?????°. ? ?°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???°?‚?‡?????° ?? ?????????µ?????‚?µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ???µ?¶???? ???‹???????°???? ?«1?» ?? ?«2?» ( ??????. 2.242 ).

???????????°?»???????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ ??“ ???????»?? 5 ?????? ?????? ?‚?µ?????µ???°?‚?????µ 20 ?°??.

?•???»?? ???????µ?‚?? ???????°?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ???°?»???‡???µ ?†?µ????, ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???°?‚?‡???? ???µ?‚?????°?†????.

???????µ???‚ ?·?°?‚???¶???? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???µ?‚?????°?†???? 16??“25 ???·??.

?????????µ?????‚?µ ?µ?????????‚?? ???µ?¶???? ???‹???????°???? ?«1?» ?? ?«2?».

???????????°?»???????µ ???????????‚?????»?µ?????µ 800-1600 ???¤.

??»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ??????

Fig. 2.243. ??»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ??????

??»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????°?·?°?? ???° ??????. 2.243 .

Fig. 2.244. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ??‘?? ?? ?«???°?????????»

?????????µ?????‚?µ ?????µ???????µ?????µ ???»?µ???‚?????????????? ?±?»?????° ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ?«???°?????????» ( ??????. 2.244 ).

?’?‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ???µ?»?µ ???????????†???????µ???°

Fig. 2.245. ???µ???‚?? ?????‚?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ???????????†???????µ???°

Fig. 2.246. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???µ?»?µ ???????????†???????µ???° ?? ??‘??

?????? ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???° ???????°?µ?‚???? ???°???????¶?µ?????µ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ???‚ ???‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????†???????µ???° ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ( ??????. 2.245 ). ?????»???‡???? ?????????°?» ?????»???‡?µ?????? ???????????†???????µ???°, ??‘?? ???‹???°?µ?‚ ???????°?????? ???° ???µ?????»???‚???? ?…???»?????‚?????? ?…?????° ?? ?????»???‡?°?µ?‚ ?????»???????? ?‚???°???·?????‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ( ??????. 2.246 ). ???????»?µ ???‚?????? ?????‚?°?????µ ???????°?µ?‚???? ???° ???±?????‚???? ?????»?????????? ???µ?»?µ ???????????†???????µ???°, ?????‚???????µ ?????°?±?°?‚?‹???°?µ?‚ ?? ?????»???‡?°?µ?‚ ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚?????? ?????„?‚?? ???????????µ?????????° ???????????†???????µ???° (????. ??????. 2.246 ).

??»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???°

Fig. 2.247. ??»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???°

Fig. 2.248. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???????? ???»?°???°???° ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° ?? ??‘??

??»?µ???‚???????°???????‚???‹?? ???»?°???°?? ???????????????? ?°?????????±?µ???° ( ??????. 2.247 ) ???????…?????·???†?????????‹??, ???????°???»???µ?‚ ???????°?‡?µ?? ???????????????‡???????? ?????·?????…?° ?‡?µ???µ?· ?°?????????±?µ?? ( ??????. 2.248 ).

?“?»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

Fig. 2.249. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???»?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?? ??‘??

?????? ?????»???‡?µ?????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?????‚?°?????µ ???‚ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ?? ???????°?µ?‚???? ???° ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??, ?„??????????????, ???°?‚?‡???? ?°?±?????»???‚???????? ???°???»?µ?????? ?? ?‚.??. ?????? ?????»???‡?µ???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?†?µ???? ???‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?????µ?????????µ?‚???? ?? ?«???°?????????» ?‡?µ???µ?· ???±?????‚???? ???»?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ( ??????. 2.249 ).

Fig. 2.250. ???…?µ???° ?????????µ?????? ???»?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ?????‚?°?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

?????????µ?????°. ?????????µ?????‚?µ ?†?µ?»?????‚?? ?†?µ???? ???????‚?°???‚???? ???µ?»?µ ???° ???‹???????°?… ?«5?» (?«+?») ?? ?«1?» (?«??“?») ( ??????. 2.250 ).

???±?????‚???° ???µ?»?µ (???‹???????‹ 2 ?? 4) ???°?»???‡???µ ?†?µ????

???µ ?????·?±???¶???µ???°.....???µ?‚

?????·?±???¶???µ???°?µ........?µ???‚??

?????? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?·?°???µ?????‚?µ ???»?°???????µ ???µ?»?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??.

???????µ???‚ ?·?°?‚???¶???? ???»?°?????????? ???µ?»?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? 7??“11 ???·??.

???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????

Fig. 2.251. ???°?‚???????° ?·?°?¶?????°??????

Fig. 2.252. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ?? ??‘??

???? ???????°?????µ ???‚ ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ?????»???‡?°?µ?‚???? ?????»???????? ?‚???°???·?????‚???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?·?°?¶?????°??????. ??‘?? ???‹???°?µ?‚ ???????°???»?????‰???? ?????????°?» ???° ???°?‚???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ( ??????. 2.25 ), ?‚???? ?‡?µ???µ?· ???µ???????‡?????? ???±?????‚???? ???°?‚???????? ?·?°?¶?????°?????? ???µ?·???? ?????µ???‹???°?µ?‚???? ( ??????. 2.252 ). ?’ ???µ?·???»???‚?°?‚?µ ?? ?µ?µ ???‚???????‡?????? ???±?????‚???µ ?????????†???????µ?‚???? ?????????»???? ???‹???????????? ???°???????¶?µ??????.

???????»???????‹?? ???°??????

Fig. 2.253. ???????»???????‹?? ???°??????

Fig. 2.254. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°

???µ???‚?? ???°???????»???¶?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ???????°?·?°???? ???° ??????. 2.253 , ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ??“ ???° ??????. 2.254 .

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

Fig. 2.255. ?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ??????

Fig. 2.256. ???…?µ???° ?????µ???????µ?????? ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ?????? ?? ??‘??

?”?°?‚?‡???? ???????????µ?????? ( ??????. 2.255 ) ???»???¶???‚ ???»?? ???????µ???µ?»?µ?????? ???»???¶???‹?… ?????????¶???‹?… ?????»????????. ?????????°?» ???°?‚?‡?????° ?????????»???·???µ?‚???? ?±?»???????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ?? ???»?? ?????µ?????????µ?¶???µ?????? ?»???¶???????? ???±???°?????¶?µ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????»?°???µ???µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????·???????????? ?????µ???? ( ??????. 2.256 ).

?????????µ?????° ?·?°???»???‡?°?µ?‚???? ?? ???????µ???µ?»?µ?????? ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ?????? (?‚?°?±?». 2.8).

???°?±?»???†?° 2.8

?????????µ?????° ???°???????¶?µ?????? ?????????°?»?° ???°?‚?‡?????° ???????????µ??????

?????»???????? ?????????µ??????	???????‚?????»???????µ ?·???°?‡?µ?????µ
?”???????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?±???‚?°?µ?‚ ???° ?…???»?????‚???? ?…??????	2,3-2,7 ??
?—?°?¶?????°?????µ ???‹???»???‡?µ????	0 ?’

???????????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????°?‡?µ?? ?‚?????»?????°

Fig. 2.257. ???????????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????°?‡?µ?? ?‚?????»?????°: 1 ??“ ?‚?????? ?????????????° ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????; 2 ??“ ?????·?????°?‚???°?? ???????¶?????°; 3 ??“ ???????????‚?µ???? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°; 4 ??“ ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°

???????????? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????°?‡?µ?? ?‚?????»?????° ???????°?·?°?? ???° ??????. 2.257 .

Withdrawal

Fig. 2.258. ?‘???»?‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ???‚???»???? ?‚???????° ?????????????° ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»????????

???????????‚?µ ???‚???»???? ( ??????. 2.258 ) ?? ???????‚???µ???????? ?‡?°???‚?? ?‚???????° ???? ???‚?????????‹ ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°.

Fig. 2.259. ?‘???»?‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ???????????‚?µ?????° ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°

? ?°?·???µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°, ???‚???µ???????‚?µ ?±???»?‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ???????????‚?µ?????° ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ( ??????. 2.259 ) ?? ???????????‚?µ ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°.

Technical condition

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???»?µ???????‰?µ?µ:

??“ ???????‚???µ???????? ?? ???°?????¶?????? ?‡?°???‚?? ?‚???????° ???° ???°?»???‡???µ ?????????µ?¶???µ??????;

??“ ???»?°?????????‚?? ???µ???µ???µ?‰?µ?????? ?‚???????°;

??“ ???‹?‡?°?? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ???° ???°?»???‡???µ ???µ?„???????°?†????;

??“ ?????·?????°?‚?????? ???????¶?????? ???° ???°?»???‡???µ ?????????µ?¶???µ??????;

??“ ???????????µ???????µ?????µ ???‚???»???? ?? ???µ?‚?°?»?»???‡?µ?????????? ???µ???¶?°?‚?µ?»??;

??“ ???°?±???‚?????????????±???????‚?? ???‹???»???‡?°?‚?µ?»?? ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°.

Setting

Fig. 2.260. ???µ???‚?° ???°???µ???µ?????? ?????????µ?????°?»???????? ?????????????‚?µ???‚?????? ?????°?·????

?????? ?????‚?°?????????µ ?????·?????°?‚?????? ???????¶?????‹ ?? ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ???°???µ?????‚?µ ?????????µ?????°?»???????? ?????????????‚?µ???‚?????? ?????°?·???? ???? ?????µ ?‚???‡???? ?‚???µ?????? ???‹?‡?°???° ( ??????. 2.260 ).

Fig. 2.261. ???µ???‚?° ???°???µ???µ?????? ???µ?????µ?‚?????° (???????°?·?°???‹ ???‚???µ?»???°????)

???°???µ?????‚?µ ???µ?????µ?‚???? ?? ???‚???µ?????‚???? ?????? ?±???»?‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ???????????‚?µ?????° ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»?? ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????° ( ??????. 2.261 ) ?? ?·?°?‚???????‚?µ ?±???»?‚?‹ ???????µ???‚???? 8??“12 ???·??.

???°???µ?¶???? ?????‚?°?????????‚?µ ???»?°???‚???°???????????? ???‚???»???? ?‚???????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????????µ?»???????? ?·?°???»?????????? ???° ???????†?µ ???‹?‡?°???° ???µ???°?»??.

Fig. 2.262. ???µ???‚?? ???°???µ???µ?????? ?????????µ?????°?»???????? ?????????????‚?µ???‚?????? ?????°?·???? ???° ???°???????µ?‡?????? ?‚???????° ?????????????° ?°?????µ?»?µ???°?‚?????°

???°???µ?????‚?µ ?????????µ?????°?»???????? ?????°?·???? ???° ???°???????µ?‡?????? ?‚???????° ( ??????. 2.262 ).

?§?‚?? ???»?µ?????µ?‚ ?·???°?‚?? ???»?°???µ?»???†?? ???°???????‹ ?? ?????¶?µ???‚???????‹?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?µ??

?????¶?µ???‚???????‹?µ ?????‚?????‹ ?????µ???????…???????‚ ???°???±?????°?‚???????‹?µ ???? ???????????? ???°???°???µ?‚???°??, ???·???‚?? ?…???‚?? ?±?‹ ???… ???????????????‡???????‚?? ?? ?±?µ?????????±?»?µ?????‹?? ???????? ?? ?????????·. ???µ?? ???µ ???µ???µ?µ ???°???±?????°?‚???????‹?µ ?? ???°?????… ?????»?????????… ???????????° ?????°?·?‹???°???‚???? ?±???»?µ?µ ???‹???????‹?????‹????. ???µ?????‚?????‹?µ ?°???‚???????????·?????????‚?µ?»?? ???°?¶?µ ???????‚?°???»?????‚ ???° ???°?? ???‹?????? ?°???‚???????±???»?? ?? ?‚?°???????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»??????. ?’???µ ???µ?»?? ?? ???°?‡?µ???‚???µ ?±?µ???·?????°, ?????‚?????‹?? ?????????°???‚ ?? ???°??.

?????¶?µ???‚???????‹?? ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???°?????‡???‚?°?? ???° ???‹???????????????‚???‹?? ?±?µ???·????, ?????‚?????‹?? ???° ???°?????… ?·?°?????°?????°?… ???°?????µ???? ???µ?‡?°???‚??. ?? ?‚?????? ?¶?µ ???°?·???‹?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?????µ???‚ ???????? ?????µ?†???„???‡?µ???????µ ???????±?µ?????????‚??, ???… ???µ???±?…?????????? ???‡???‚?‹???°?‚?? ?????? ?????????»???°?‚?°?†???? ?°???‚???????±???»??. ?? ?‚?°?????… ???????‚?µ?? ???° ???°???µ?? ???‹?????µ ???µ???°?»??: ???µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????µ ??“

K-Jetronic (KE-Jetronic), ???»?µ???‚???????µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????µ ??“ L-Jetronic ?? ???»?µ???‚?????????‹?µ ??“ Motronic, Lucas, Magneti Marelli.

???????????µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ?????µ???‚ ?????° ???µ?¶?????° ???°?±???‚?‹: ???????????????? ?? ?°???°?????????‹??, ?????????»???·???µ???‹?? ?????? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????????? ???· ???°?‚?‡????????. ???°?????? ???µ?????»?°?????? ?????????‚?µ?»?? ?????¶?µ?‚ ?? ???µ ?·?°???µ?‚???‚??: ???° ???°???µ?»?? ???????±???????? ???µ?‚ ???????‚???µ?‚???‚???????‰?µ?? ???????‚?????»???????? ?»?°?????‹, ?° ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ???????????»?¶?°?µ?‚ ???°?±???‚?°?‚?? (???? ???¶?µ ???µ ?? ?????‚?????°?»???????? ???µ?¶?????µ). ?????????±?????µ ???µ???µ?????? ???»???‡?°?µ?‚???? ???° ?°???‚???????±???»???… Audi, ???????°?‰?µ?????‹?… ?????????°?‚?µ?»?????? ?? ?†?µ???‚???°?»?????‹?? ???????‹???????? ?‚?????»?????°. ?????????µ?????? ?‚???µ?‚?? ?°???‚???»???±???‚?µ?»?µ??, ?????µ???‰???… ?‚?°?????µ ???°???????‹, ???°?¶?µ ???µ ???????°???‹???°???‚???? ?? ?‚????, ?‡?‚?? ?µ?·?????‚ ?? ?°???°???????????? ???µ?¶?????µ. ?? ???‚?? ???µ???µ?‚ ?? ???????‹???µ?????????? ???°???…?????? ?‚?????»?????°, ???????¶?µ?????? ?????‰???????‚??, ???µ???????????? ???°?±???‚?µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ?·?°?‚?????????µ?????????? ??????????. ?’?‹?????»???µ?‚???? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ?‚???»?????? ?????? ???‡?µ???µ???????? ?‚?µ?…?????‡?µ???????? ???±???»???¶?????°??????. ???????‚?????? ???° ?«???»?°?±?‹?…?» ???µ???‚?°?… ???????‚?µ?? ???????‹?????°, ???????????»?????‰???…???? ?? ???°?????… ?????»?????????…, ???‚?????‚ ?????‚?°?????????‚?????? ???????????±???µ?µ.

???????‚?µ???‹ ?? ???µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????? ???????‹????????. ?????? ?? ?±???»?????µ?? ???‚?µ???µ????, ?‡?µ?? ???????????µ, ?????????µ???¶?µ???‹ ?„???·???‡?µ?????????? ???·????????. ? ?µ?????»???‚???? ???°???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»?????° ???‚???°?·?‹???°?µ?‚ ???±?‹?‡???? ?‡?µ???µ?· 80??“120 ?‚?‹??. ???? ???????±?µ???° (?·?°???µ?‚???? ???…???????°?µ?‚???? ???????? ?????????°?‚?µ?»??), ?„?????????????? ??“ ?‡?µ???µ?· 60??“80 ?‚?‹??. ???? (???µ?????????°?? ???°?±???‚?° ?????‚?????°, ???????‹???µ?????‹?? ???°???…???? ?‚?????»?????°). ???‚???°?· ?„?????????????? ???????±?µ?????? ???????°???µ??, ???????????»?????? ???‚?? ?·?°???µ?‚?????? ???µ ?????°?·??. ?”?»?? ?????°?????????‚?????? ?? ???µ???????‚?° ?‚???µ?±???µ?‚???? ?????µ?†???°?»?????°?? ?°?????°???°?‚?????°.

?‘???»???????µ ???µ???‚?? ???????‚?µ?? ?? ???»?µ???‚???????µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????? ???????‹???????? ??“ ???????????? ?????·?????…?° ?‡?µ???µ?· ???????????‡?????»?µ?????‹?µ ???°???????????‹?µ ???»?°??????, ?????µ???‰???µ ?‚?µ?????µ???†???? ?? ???°???‚???µ?????????°?????? ???????»?µ 4??“5 ?»?µ?‚ ???»???¶?±?‹. ???????±?µ?????? ???° ?°???‚???????±???»???… ?’??W ?? ?? ???µ???????»?????? ???µ???????µ?? ???‚?µ???µ???? ???° ??udi. ???????µ???µ?»???‚?? ?‚?°?????? ???µ?„?µ???‚ ?????????»?????? ???»???¶????.

??»?µ???‚?????????‹?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????°. ?? ?????… ???????? ???????±?»?µ???‹. ???°?????????µ??, ?«?????????µ?»?» ?°???????????»???‚????, ?? ???‹ ???? ???‚?°?????? ?????????‹?‡???µ ???µ?????»?? ?«???????????????‚???» ???‚ ?????????????? ?°???‚???????±???»??. ?’ ???‚?????µ ???‹?…???????‚ ???· ???‚?????? ???»?µ???‚?????????‹?? ?±?»???? ???????°???»?µ?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????°. ?? ?????????µ???µ?????µ ???‚???»?????????°?????????? ?±?µ???·?????°, ?? ???????? ???‡?µ???µ????, ???????????????‚ ?? ???µ?????????????‚?? ???°?‚?‡???? ???????†?µ???‚???°?†???? ???????»?????????° (?»?????±???°-?·??????) ?? ???°?‚?°?»???‚???‡?µ???????? ???µ???‚???°?»???·?°?‚????.

?’ ?†?µ?»???? ???°?? ???µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????µ, ?‚?°?? ?? ???»?µ???‚?????????‹?µ ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????° ?????µ???‚ ???????? ???»?????‹ ?? ???????????‹. ?? ???µ?…?°?????‡?µ???????… ?‡?°?‰?µ ???‚???°?·?‹???°???‚ ?±?µ???·?????°???????‹ ?? ?????·?°?‚?????‹-???°???????µ???µ?»???‚?µ?»??.

?? ???»?µ???‚?????????‹?… ?±?µ???·?????°?????? ?????»???????µ?‡???µ?µ ?? ???µ???µ???»?µ, ???? ?????‚???°???µ?????µ ?»???±???? ???µ?????????°?????????‚?? ???»?µ???‚?????????????? ?±?»?????° ???????°???»?µ?????? ?±?????µ?‚ ???‚?????‚?? ???µ???????° ????????????. ?????????µ ?‚??????, ???????‡???? ???»?? ???‹?…?????° ???· ???‚?????? ?»???±???? ???????‚?µ???‹ ?? ???°??, ?????‹, ?±???»?????µ, ?‡?µ?? ?? ?•?????????µ: ???µ???°?‡?µ???‚???µ?????‹?? ?±?µ???·????, ???????·?? ???° ???????????°?… ?? ?…?????????°?‚?‹, ?????‚?????‹?µ ???????‹???°???‚ ?·????????. ???????‚?????? ???‚?????‚ ?????????»?????°?‚?????? ?? ???µ???????µ?????°?†?????? ?????µ?†???°?»?????‚????. ?•???»?? ?µ???‚?? ?????·?????¶???????‚??, ???»?? ?????°?»?µ?????? ???»?°???? ???· ?‚?????»?????????????????????? ?????? ???°?¶?????? ?·?°?????°?????µ ?·?°?»?????°???‚?µ ?? ?±?°?? ?????µ?†???°?»?????‹?? ?????µ???°???°?‚; ?‡?µ???µ?· ???°?¶???‹?µ

10 000??“15 000 ???? ???????±?µ???° ???µ?»?°???‚?µ ?????»?????? ?????????‹?????? ???????‚?µ???‹ ???????‹?????°.

???????‚?µ???° ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????°

Fig. 2.263. ???????»???????‹?? ?±?°??: 1, 3 ??“ ?????‹??????; 2 ??“ ???»?°???? ???‹???????????? ???°???»?µ??????; 4 ??“ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ???°??????; 5 ??“ ???????±???° ???°?»?????????? ???????»?????????‹; 6 ??“ ???»?°???? ???????…?…?????????????? ???»?°???°???°; 7 ??“ ???????…?…???????????? ???»?°???°??; 8 ??“ ???µ???¶?°?‚?µ?»??; 9 ??“ ???»?°???°?? ???‚???µ?‡???? ?‚?????»?????°; 10 ??“ ?????‹?????° ???»?°???°???° ???‚???µ?‡???? ?‚?????»?????°

???????‚?µ???° ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????° ???????‚?????‚ ???· ?‚?????»???????????? ?±?°???° ( ??????. 2.263 ), ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°, ?‚?????»???????????? ?„???»???‚???°, ?‚?????»?????????????????????? ?? ?‚?????»?????????? ???°?????‹ ?? ?„?????????????°????.

???????»???????‹?? ?±?°??

Withdrawal

?›???‡???? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?????·?????°

Fig. 2.264. ?›???‡???? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?????·?????°

???»???¶???‚?µ ???????????? ?·?°?????µ???? ???????µ?????? ???° ??????????????, ?·?°?‚?µ?? ???‚?????????‚?µ ???»???¶?µ???????µ ???????µ?????µ ?????µ???µ?? ( ??????. 2.264 ).

???‚???µ???‚?????? ???‚?????????‚?µ ?»???‡???? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?????·?????°.

?”?»?? ???±???????° ???°???»?µ?????? ?? ?‚?????»???????????????????°?… ?? ???»?°?????°?… ???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ???‚ ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°, ???????‚???‚?µ ?????????°?‚?µ?»?? ?? ?????????¶?????‚?µ, ?????????° ???? ?????‚?°?????????‚????.

NOTE

?”?»?? ?????µ?????‚?????°?‰?µ?????? ???‹?±???????° ?‚?????»?????° ???µ???µ?? ???‚?????µ???????µ?????µ?? ?‚?????»???????????????????° ?? ???»?°?????° ???????°?‡?? ?‚?????»?????° ???±?????????‚?µ ???°???»?µ?????µ ?? ???????‚?µ???µ.

???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???????????? ???‚ ?«???????????????????» ???»?µ?????‹ ?°???????????»???‚?????????? ?±?°?‚?°???µ??.

?›???‡???? (???‚?????‹?‚) ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?????·?????°

Fig. 2.265. ?›???‡???? (???‚?????‹?‚) ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????° ?? ???????‰?µ ?????·?????°

???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???»?°???? ???‹???????????? ???°???»?µ?????? ???‚ ???‹?…???????????? ???‚???†?µ???° ?‚?????»???????????? ?„???»???‚???° ( ??????. 2.265 ), ???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ?????????????????? ???‚???????° ???‚?°?‚???‡?µ?????????? ???»?µ???‚?????‡?µ???‚???°.

A WARNING

?”?»?? ?????µ?????‚?????°?‰?µ?????? ???‹?±???????° ?‚?????»?????° ?????? ???µ?????‚?????µ?? ?????‚?°?‚???‡???????? ???°???»?µ?????? ???°?????????‚?µ ?????µ???????µ?????µ ???»?°?????° ???µ?‚????????.

?????‚?°?????????‚?µ ?°???‚???????±???»?? ???° ?????????µ????????.

???‚?????µ?????????‚?µ ???‚ ?±?°???° ???°?»?????????? ???»?°???? ?? ???µ???µ?»?????????? ?‚?????±????.

?????‚?°?????????‚?µ ?????? ?±?°?? ???????????°?‚.

Fig. 2.266. ?????????‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ?±?°???° ?? ???????‰?? ?????·?????° ?°???‚???????±???»??

???????????‚?µ ?…???????‚?‹ ?????µ???»?µ?????? ?‚?????»???????????? ?±?°???° ?? ???????‰?? ?????·?????° ?°???‚???????±???»?? ( ??????. 2.266 ).

???????????°?‚???? ???????????‚?µ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ?±?°??.

Technical condition

?????????µ?????‚?µ ???»?µ???????‰?µ?µ:

??“ ???»?°?????? ?? ?‚?????±???????????????‹ ???° ???‚?????‚???‚?????µ ?‚???µ?‰???? ???»?? ?????????µ?¶???µ??????;

??“ ?????????°?????????‚?? ???????±???? ???°?»?????????? ???????»?????????‹ ?±?°???°;

??“ ?‚?????»???????‹?? ?±?°?? ???° ???‚?????‚???‚?????µ ???µ?„???????°?†????, ???????????·???? ???»?? ?‚???µ?‰????;

??“ ???‚?????‚???‚?????µ ?? ?±?°???µ ???????·?? ?? ???????‚?????????????… ?????µ?????µ?‚????;

??“ ???????‚???µ???????? ?„???»???‚?? ?±?°???° ???° ???‚?????‚???‚?????µ ?????????µ?¶???µ?????? ?? ?·?°???????·???µ??????;

??“ ???°?±???‚?? ???????…?…?????????????? ???»?°???°???°.

?”?»?? ?????????µ?????? ???????…?????·???†?????????????? ???»?°???°???° ???»?µ?????° ???????????‚?µ ?? ???µ???? ???? ???‚?????????‹ ???…???????????? ?? ???‹?…???????????? ???°?‚?????±??????. ?•???»?? ?????·?????… ???????…???????‚ ???????»?µ ???µ?±???»?????????? ???????????‚?????»?µ??????, ???»?°???°?? ?????????°???µ??.

Setting

???±?µ?????‚?µ????, ?‡?‚?? ?????????»?°?????° ???°???µ?¶???? ?????????»?µ?µ???° ?? ?±?°????, ???????»?µ ?‡?µ???? ?????‚?°?????????‚?µ ?±?°?? ?? ?·?°?‚???????‚?µ ???°???????????‚?????‰???µ???? ???°?????? ?????µ???»?µ?????? ?…???????‚????.

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ???»?°???? ???µ???µ?»?????° ?? ?±?°???? ?? ???°?»?????????? ???????»?????????µ, ?????‚?°?????? ?µ???? ???° ???»???±?????? ???????»?? 40 ????.

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ?? ?±?°???? ???°?»?????????? ???»?°???? ?µ???? ?±???»?µ?µ ?????????‚??????, ???µ?????„???????????°???????? ?‡?°???‚????.

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ???°???????‚?????????‹?? ???»?°????.

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ?? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????? ???»?°???? ???‹???????????? ???°???»?µ??????, ???µ ?????????????°?? ?µ???? ???µ???µ???????‡?????°??????.

???????????µ?????????‚?µ ???????‚?°???‚???‹?? ???°?·???µ?? ?‚?????»???????????? ???°???????°.

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