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The technical condition of the engine
All was in order with the motor car? Maybe it's time to set aside money to conduct computer diagnostics, and even for repair? Answering these questions will help you some tips engineer for many years engaged in the repair of foreign cars. Before turning to the doctor, each of us is engaged in self-diagnostics. At the same time we do not currently fluoroscopy, do not use the electrocardiograph and other tricky instruments. Just forehead probe, inspect the throat, listen, do not you wheezing in the chest, waist Do not mangles. From devices traditionally we use thermometers and, maybe, a watch when measuring heart rate. So, in a simple way, we determine whether the normal functioning organism. And it turns out! The car engine - the same body. For its accurate diagnosis and treatment, there are many sophisticated instruments, appliances and tools. Various methods and techniques requiring thin knowledge of the internal structure. For a start, we offer you to master the more easy to understand things. Let's try to figure out what you should pay attention when operating a car: you have to feel, where to look, where to listen to, and perhaps even to smell, to understand how the engine feels. Do not want to study with us - get from a purse a hundred dollars and go on computer diagnostics. Car "medical care" Pay!
Initial inspection Imagine that you are a good doctor. Going into the chamber (garage), go to the patient (the car), be sure to say hello, tell him a few gentle, soothing words, and suggest to undress from the waist up (open hood). Start with a visual inspection of the engine. Remember that nothing reflects internal well-being as nice, well-groomed, buxom appearance. Strong overall contamination of the engine, as well as the presence of intensive local leaks, on the contrary, evidence of failing health. If the evening, parting with the car, you have the foresight to put on the garage floor under the engine clean sheet of paper, pull it out and check. Traces of oil and other fluids per night will leave traces on the paper on which you will be able to identify the sources of leaks and determine their intensity. The higher it is, the more you need to take corrective action. The next step - checking and adjusting to normal levels of all fluids. First of all we are interested in the engine oil and coolant (antifreeze) as their lack of the strongest impact on the technical characteristics of the engine. I would like to remind that (believe me, this is no joke), it is necessary to make sure there is fuel in the tank. Experience shows that some inattentive drivers nearly to death torture a starter and battery, forgetting that the first "fellow" to feed and water is necessary, and then - on a shovel and stove. At the same time, check the belt tension accessory drive engine (coolant pump, alternator, power steering pump, air-conditioning). Make sure that the belts do not sag and are not torn. If all goes well, shake off trousers and sit behind the wheel.
Before starting the engine Do not rush immediately to start up the engine. The rush to anything here. First, turn the key to "ignition". Typically, in this case, on the dashboard of modern cars illuminates several test tubes. At this stage, we are particularly interested in two: the first - the light of insufficient oil pressure in the lubrication system, the second - a control lamp of a charge of the battery, which indicates the willingness to join in the work of the generator after the engine starts. Both the lamp with the ignition before starting the engine should be red. And if one of them does not burn? If the lamp is not lit Battery charge - it is not so bad; if it does not light the lamp of insufficient oil pressure in the lubrication system - it is an alarming signal. Be careful, you have lost control of the lubrication system! Engine oil pressure - the main indicator of its serviceability. If you do not control the oil pressure, you face major overhaul of the engine with all the ensuing consequences. Cause of the problem is either in poor connectors contact sensor, or the sensor itself. Search probe should generally be in the region of the oil filter. The fault must be removed. Only after you are sure that everything is in order, start up the engine.
"Cold" start The serviceable engine with regulated fuel feed system and ignition, a working battery is started with one attempt for 3-5 seconds. Steadily emerging problems with a "cold" start-up testify to malfunctions. Suppose that we have avoided and the engine are empty. We look at the instrument panel. Two lamps, which were discussed above, are required to go out.
A WARNING If within 5 seconds lamp insufficient oil pressure in the lubrication system continues to burn, stop the engine! |
After a few minutes, once again try to start up the engine. If there is no oil pressure is necessary to find the cause of the problem. Possible causes: - Low oil; - Faulty oil pressure sensor; - Net clogged oil receiver the oil pump; - Faulty oil pump; - Wear large main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft. If the oil pressure is normal, proceed to the examination of the engine warm-up mode.
Warming up the engine The engine speed of the engine from cold, about 1.5 times higher than the nameplate speed of the engine at idle, is typically 700-900 min-1 (rpm), and should gradually decrease as the temperature rise of the motor. After 7-10 minutes since the start of the engine temperature should reach a level of 80 ?� C and stabilize (and idle speed). This process is easy to control by tachometer (a device for measuring the speed of the crankshaft of the engine) and the coolant temperature. When heating takes place according to the above scenario, the system is idle and the engine cooling system is working properly. If the motor temperature reaches the desired level, most likely at fault thermostat (control valve cooling system). Causes engine overheating is much more, and they are reflected in the section of this manual describing the engine cooling system. After the engine warms up enough, and the idle speed to stabilize (you know it by the testimony of control devices), it's time to listen to the "singing" the engine.
Beautiful voice - a healthy body Doctors claim that with respect to the person this statement is completely true. The same can be said of the engine. Serviceable engine publishes a uniform rumble and "ticks", as hours. Some masters say that he "whispers". Despite the trope, you will surely understand what they mean. If the engine does not run smoothly, with failures, periodically vibrates, you know, this is evidence of his failure. Sometimes problem - a consequence of engine wear and downs of compression in the cylinders, but most causes are leaking intake tract clogged air filter malfunction of the ignition system and power supply system (fuel supply). I would like to focus on cases where the engine is said to be "troit," ie, perhaps one of the cylinders. C using the diagnostic tool by successive cylinders off to find "saboteur" simply. Once you get on the faulty cylinder, the nature of the engine does not change. Often the cause of the fault can be determined by inspecting the spark plug. This allows you to learn a lot about the state of the engine. Not to mention the noise and the noise of strangers. Outset that this method of diagnosis - "aerobatics", he did not even afford all professionals. Motorists should keep in mind that any sharp metal sounds indicate a problem. If they "emit" ancillaries (alternator, pump (coolant pump), power) - is not so bad. Determine the "originator" of noise can be, if shoot consistently drive belts these units. If, after removal of the next belt strange sound disappears, shake a corresponding pulley to assess the magnitude of the radial and axial bearing play. Most often, they are the troublemakers. Much more troubles threaten to knock coming from the womb of the motor. They listen to different modes of operation of the engine by using a stethoscope or a car if it is not, a dry stick in diameter of about 10 mm hardwood (her cheek pressed against the lower lobe of the ear). This makes it possible to identify defects in the timing, piston group, crank mechanism. We emphasize once again: in order to make the diagnosis, ear for music is not enough, you must have professional experience and excellent knowledge of the "materiel".
There is healthy mind in a healthy body Diagnostic inspection would be incomplete without an analysis of engine exhaust smoke. He is already warmed up, so it's time to go to the exhaust pipe and look into the horse "under the tail." Exhaust serviceable engine is almost colorless. From the exhaust pipe comes barely discernible light smoke white, the intensity of which is enhanced by sharp pressing on the gas pedal. In cold weather the serviceable car reserves dense enough clubs of white steam (not to be confused with a smoke!), Showing the complete combustion of the fuel. Long inhale exhaust gases are not worth it. Stop the engine. But this is not final. It is necessary to examine the inner surface of the oil filler plug. Availability for signs of a foamed emulsion dirty yellow color - very disturbing symptom speaking about infiltration in the lubrication system coolant. Removing the expansion tank cap, inspect the appearance of anti-freeze.
A WARNING To avoid personal injury (burns), it should be done on the engine is cold! |
The oil film on the surface of the antifreeze, as well as foamed motor oil - a precursor of the repair of the engine. Here, perhaps, and all. We completely surveyed "patient", literally "from nose to tail." And enjoyed when viewed not expensive, inaccessible to the majority of motorists equipment and what is given to us by nature - sight, hearing, smell and, of course, the mysterious "gray matter."
Analysis of exhaust The oily belt width of 6-8 mm on the outer surface of the exhaust pipe of the car ("mourning ring") - a consequence of increased oil consumption. Engine Overhaul inevitable. Smoke black. The sign of incomplete combustion of fuel. The power supply system prepares very rich mix and requires adjustment. Smoke bluish (violet) color. Signs of increased oil consumption. The engine valve stem seals require replacement or repair of the cylinder group. Thick white smoke. Symptom burning cylinder head gasket engine. Coolant enters the combustion chamber. The smoke with the smell of exhaust gases from the removed pipe crankcase ventilation (breather) engine. Symptom breakthrough exhaust gas into the oil pan due to increased clearance in the cylinder-piston group.
A lot of "eat", but goes quietly If the engine is started badly, weakly pulls and consumes a lot of fuel - the snag may be not that what at first think. Simple, it would seem, the situation in terms of identifying the root cause is the most insidious. Many brave start an independent search, not knowing that these symptoms may be due to a variety of reasons, from basic to quite serious. Well, if you have a car, which uses simple and outdated technical solutions - the classic "Lada", "Moskvich" and "Volga" - you can feel free to contact an auto mechanic with experience in the repair of such cars. However, changing the car a more modern, many motorists continue to refer to the same masters. And they do not have the courage to admit that they do not understand the complex processes that occur in fuel injection systems and electronic ignition circuits. They explore spark "breakdown", damaging the transistors, the insulation of the windings of ignition coils, high-voltage wires and "protorivaya" wirings on the cover and rotor of the distributor of ignition. Without solving the problem, these mechanics are driving "disease" inside. And in the end the owner still gets to professionally trained mechanics. "Treatment" of the machine, however, it will be much more difficult. Experts often caught in a situation where, even after a long work using sophisticated instruments they do not manage to understand. Only after a while (sometimes very long) it turns out that the previous master "nerd" changed the jets in the carburetor or twisted everything in the injection system finally broke its tightness or "killed" a pressure sensor. The list of possible causes of increased fuel consumption and reduce engine power, is very rich. Yes, and besides them there are a number of uncharacteristic, but serious and quite common faults such as burn-out piston, getting fuel in the oil, the failure of one of the temperature sensor injection system and thermostat, entangling vacuum tubes, the destruction of one of the gaskets carburetor, piston rings or partitions piston. Diagnosis should be carried out without dismantling since otherwise great chance only at the time or even eliminate consequence complement existing problem of new, sometimes more difficult. For example, the causes leading to the loss of power sparks a lot. If the diagnosis is performed on the multifunction engine test on its screen at once, you can determine which flaw occurs. A common situation where, having found signs of abnormal operation of the engine, the motorist was going to a mechanic. He froze compression engine and find the relevant rules, and begins to adjust the carburetor and the ignition system, ensuring stable operation. Sometimes it works. Engine regularly start, stop stalling, but the thrust and fuel consumption is poor. What's wrong? The rundown engine is often a leaking valve seals. Oil gets on the pistons resulting in an artificial compensation gaps arising when worn piston rings and cylinder. As a result, when measuring compression obtained false testimony. Solving this problem is after "repair" made mechanic significantly hampered by the need to restore the original settings. It is very common, and the reverse situation, when the owner unreasonably "plunge" in the overhaul, though it would be enough to replace the same glands that more than ten times cheaper. Unfortunately, so far the market vehicle maintenance is kept approximately equal division at the station to meet modern requirements for qualification, technical and cultural services, and on fragments of sad memorial of the Soviet car service. Therefore, car owners should carefully read the technical center at the pit which will be installed machine. Not so much with the cost of services, as to how, what and in what conditions will diagnose and repair a car.
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