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REPAIR MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Kia Sportage (1999 release)

general info. full specifications. diagnostics. hints. tips. tricks
Kia Sportage
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Kia
Sportage
Introduction
Controls and operation receptions
Current care and maintenance
Engine
System of cooling, heating, ventilation and air conditioning
The power supply system, motor control / emission control and exhaust
Safety and general rules adopted in the service component of fuel paths of internal combustion engines
The power supply system of petrol engines
The power supply system of diesel engines
Engine management and emission control
general information
ECM - check of serviceability of a condition and replacement
System of onboard self-diagnostics (OBD) - General Information
The system self-test diesel models
Application of the oscilloscope for monitoring the performance of the control system
Check of serviceability of functioning of system components motor control / reduce emissions
Exhaust
Systems of an electric motor
A five-speed manual gearbox gear
Automatic Transmission
Transmission Line
Brakes
Suspension and steering
Body
Onboard electric
The control body dimensions
Wiring
 


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general information



general information

Petrol models

Overview

In order to reduce the emission into the atmosphere of toxic components that fall into the exhaust gases of the engine as a result of evaporation and incomplete combustion of fuels as well as to maintain the efficiency of return of the engine and reduction of fuel consumption, modern cars are equipped with air by a number of specific systems, which can be grouped under a common called engine management and emission control.

The circuit operation of the engine management system on petrol models (for example, models equipped with front catalytic converter)

1 - e / m canister purge valve
2 - The carbon adsorber
3 - to ECM
4 - Throttle Body
5 - The fuel pressure regulator
6 - A fuel highway
7 - Fuel injectors
8 - PCV valve
9 - Ignition coils
10 - CMP sensor
11 - Dokatalitichesky heated oxygen sensor
12 - Check valve
13 - Fuel filter
14 - the fuel vapor separator
15 - Air Cleaner

16 - air line
17 - MAF sensor
18 - IAC valve
19 - TPS
20 - ECT sensor
21 - Knock Sensor (KS)
22 - CKP sensor
23 - WU-TWC
24 - Postkatalitichesky heated oxygen sensor
25 - Fuel Pump
26 - fuel intake
27 - TWC
28 - Postkatalitichesky heated oxygen sensor
29 - acceleration sensor chassis (CAS)

Packaging systems depends on the make, model, model year, and the region, whose market the car is delivered. Information on the type and composition of the system, refer to the information secured under the hood label VECI.

The structure of an information label VECI scheme also includes laying of vacuum hoses (petrol models)

Arrangement of components of engine management systems / reduce emissions on gasoline models with two catalytic converters

1 - acceleration sensor chassis (CAS)
2 - e / m EVAP canister purge valve
3 - throttle position sensor (TPS)
4 - E / motor system of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC)
5 - Camshaft Position (CMP)
6 - The crankshaft position sensor (CKP)
7 - The gauge of measurement of weight of air (MAF)
8 - the DLC
9 - Intake air temperature (IAT)
10 - Knock Sensor (KS)
11 - Sensor Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)

12 - A fuel highway with injectors
13 - The carbon adsorber
14 - the main circuit fuse / relay
15 - Dokatalitichesky lambda probe
16 - Front three-functional catalytic converter (TWC)
17 - Postkatalitichesky lambda probe
18 - Rear TWC
19 - AT control module (TCM), - only models with AT
20 - The engine control module (ECM)
21 - The control lamp of refusals (MIL / check engine)
22 - the DLC system OBD II

Use in these models the system sequential fuel injection (SFI) falls under the classification of multi-point, with the dosage for the duration of the control pulse, determined on the basis of information supplied by the hot-wire air mass sensor (MAF). Systems of air and fuel function in conjunction with the engine management system / emission control, which includes in its membership a lot of information sensors, and actuators, continuously communicating with the electronic control module (ECM), coordinating the work of the engine. By analyzing the information supplied by the sensors, ECM calculates the optimum moment for the current value of the ignition timing and the duration of the control pulse of opening of injectors. On considered in this Guide models equipped with DOHC engine efficiency spray of fuel injected is increased by pumping the air supplied to the injectors at a specially organized allotment from the inlet pipeline. Finely dispersed spray not only improves the efficiency of combustion of the combustible mixture, but also reduces the levels of toxic components in the combustion products.

The base composition of the air-fuel mixture formed by the control module based on data received from the MAF sensor, which ECM determines the amount of intake air into the engine. More precise dosage is carried out based on the information on the coolant temperature sensor (ECT), vehicle speed (VSS), the oxygen content in the exhaust gases (oxygen sensor) and the release of the first cylinder in position of TDC (position sensor distribution Shaft - CMP).

Continuously analyzing the incoming sensor data, ECM is able to adequately respond to the smallest changes in operating conditions of the engine, timely appropriate adjustment points and the duration of fuel injection into the combustion chamber, thereby maintaining the optimum ratio of operating parameters of the engine, as the efficiency of its return and exhaust emissions.

The main component emitted by the engine to the atmosphere of exhaust gases is nitrogen (N 2), but in the exhaust of any internal combustion engine are inevitably present as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), water vapor (H 2 O), oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x), hydrogen (H 2) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Three of the above components, namely CO, NO x and HC, are among the substances that actively polluting the environment, and that their emissions into the atmosphere are designed to control the sub emission control, which include:

  • System of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP);
  • The system controlled crankcase ventilation (PCV);
  • Catalytic converter (s);
  • The conductor fuel filler (a refueling nozzle columns distribution of unleaded gasoline);
  • System of onboard self-diagnostics (OBD).

The following sections provide general descriptions of the principles of operation of each of the systems and procedures set out diagnostic checks and regenerative repair (if it is possible) the individual components, the implementation of which lies within qualification of the average mechanic-fan

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?????????�?? ???????�???�?�?????? (ECM)

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?� ?�?????�?? ???�?????�?????�???�?� ECM ?�?�???�?� ???�???????�:

  • ???????�???�?�?????� ???�???�???�?�???�???? ???????�?????� ?�?????�?????�;
  • ???????�???�?�?????� ???�???�???�?�???�???? ?�?�?�?????�??????;
  • ???????�???�?�?????� ?�???????�???????????????�?????�?? ???????�?�???� ???�?�?�???�???�?�?�???? ???�???????�???? ?�???�?????�?????? ?�?????� (IAC);
  • ???????�???�?�?????� ?�???????�???????????????�?????�?? ???????�?�???� EVAP;
  • ???????�???�?�?????� ?�???????�???????????????�?????�?? ?�?????�???????????? ???�???????�;
  • ???�?????????�?????????�?????�;
  • ?????�?????�?�???? ?�???�?????????�?� ???�???�???�?�?????? ???�???�???????� ???� ???�?????? ?????????????�?�??.

?????????� ECM ???�???�?�?�?�?�???�?�?� ???�?�???????�?� ?????????�?�?� ?�???????????????�?????????? ????????????, ?�?�?� ???�?�?�?� ?????????�?�????, ???????�?????�???�???� ???� ?�?????�???�-?�???????�(????), ?????????????�, ?�?�?? ???????�?�???� ???????�???�?�?????? ?�???????�?????????????�?� ?? ???�?�?????� , ?�.?�., ?�?�?� ???�???�?�?????? ???????�??. ?�???�?? ?�?� ?????????�?? ???�?�?????�?�?� ???�???�?�?�?�?�???�?�?? ???�???�???�?�?????? ???????�???????????�?? ???�?�?�????????(?�????) ?????�???????�?�????, ?�?? ???�?�???? ???�?�?????????�???? , ?�?�?? ?????�?????�???�?� ECM ?????????�???�?????????�?�?? ???�???�???�?�???� ???????�?????� ?? ?�?�?�?????�?????? ?? ???�?�?�???? ?�?�?????�???� ?????????�???�?�?�?�?????????�?� ?�?�???�???�?�???????�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (???�???????�?�, ???�???????�???�, ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�, ?? ????.).

?� ???�?????�?? ?????????�?? ?�?�?�???�?�???� ?�???�?????????�?� ?�???�?�?�?????? (?�???�?�?�?????? ???? ???????�?�?�??????) ?????????????�?� ???�?�???�???� ???�???�???�?�?????? ?????�?� ?????????????�?�?? ???????�???�?�??????. ?�?�?????�?� ???�???�???�?�???� ?�???�?????????????�???? ?? ???�???�?�?� ???�?????�?�?????? ???�???�?�?� ???????�???�?�???�???????�?�?? ?????????????�?�???�, ???�?�?????�?�?????�?? ?�???�?????�?�???????�?? ?�???????�???????????????�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (?? ???�???�?�?�?�?????? ?????�?�???�?? ???�?�?�???�???????????�?? ???�???�?�??).

???�???�?� ?�???�?????? ???????�?�?�?�?�?�???? ?????????�???????????? ???? ???�?????????� ?�?�?????� ???�?????????�?????????�?????? ?????????????�???�?� ?�?????????????�?�???? ?? ???�?????�?? ?????????�?? ?? ???????� ???????�???�?�???�???????�?�???? ???????� (DTC), ???�???�?�???�?????� ?????�?????????? ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ?????????�???�???�???? ?????? ?????????�?? ?????�?�???�?�?????????? ?????�???�???� (????. ?�?�?�???�?� ???????�?�???� ?�?????�???????? ???�?????????�?????????�?????? (OBD) - ???�?�?�?? ?????�???????�?�???? ).

???????�?�?� ?�?????�?????� ?? ???????????????????� ?????�??????????-?�?????�?????????? ?????�????

general information

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???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???????�?????�

?�?? ?????�???? ???????????�???� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????? ?�?�?????????� ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???�?????�???�?????? ?????�?�???�???????? ???????�???�?�???�?�???? ECM ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�???�???�?????�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??. ???????�?� ?�??????, ???�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???????????�?�?�???? ???? ?????????�?�???????? ???�?�???�?�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�, ?????�???�?�?�?�???? ???�?�???????�?�?? ???�?�???� ???????�???�?�?�?????? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???????�?????�: . ?????? ???�???? ?�?�?�???????� ?�???�?�?�?????� ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???�?????�???�?????? ?????�?�???�?????� ???????�???�?�???�?�???? ?????????? ?????????????�???? ?�?�???�?????�????: ?????�???�?�???�?????? ???????�???�?�???????? ?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?????�?????�?� (???? ?????????�?�?�?? ???�?�?�?????� MAF) ?? ?�?�?????�?�?? ?�?�???�???�???? ?????�?�?�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? (???? ?????????�?�?�?? ???�?�?�?????� CKP). ?????????�???�???????????�???�?� ???�???�???�?�???� ???�?????????�???�???�. ?????????�?????�?�?????????�?? ???�???�???�?????�?? ???????�???�???� ?????????�?????????????�?�?? ?????�???�?????�?� ?�?�???�???�???? ?????�?�?�?�?�???�?????? ?????�?�???�????????, ???????�?�?????�?� ?? ???�?????�?�???????? ???�???????�?�?????? ?�???????????�???�?????????? ?�?�?�?�???�??.

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  • ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�?�???� ?????�??????????-?�?????�?????????? ?????�???? ???? ?????????�?�?�?? ???????�?�?�?�???�???�?�?????????? ?�?????�???�-?�???????� . ???� ???????�???�?�???�???????�???? ???�???�?�???? ???�?????????????�?????�?� ???????�?�???� ???�???�???�?�???�?? ???????�?�?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?�?????�???�-?�?????????? ?????�???????�?�???? ???� ???????????� ???????�???�?�?????? ???????�?????????� ?? ???�???�?�???�?�???????� ???�?�?�?� ?????�?????�???�?� ECM ???????�?????�???�?????? ?????????�???�?????????�?�?? ?????�???????????? ???????�?�?? ?�?????�?????� ?? ?�?�?�???? ?????�?????�?????�?�?�?????? ?�?�???�?�???�?� ???�???�?????�?????? ???????�?�???� ?????????�?�?? ?????�???? ???� ???�?�?�???????�?�?????�?�?????????? ?�???�?�?�??????;
  • ???�?�???�?????�?? ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�?�???� ?????�???? . ?� ???????�???� ?????????????�?�?????�?????? ?????�?�???�?�?�?????? ???�?�?� ?????? ?�?�?????????� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???�?????�???�?????? ?????�?�???�???????? ???????????????�?�?�?????? ?????�?�???�?????�?�?�???? ?? ?�?�?�???? ?????????�???�?�?????? ???�?�?�???�?????????�?? ???�???????�????;
  • ???????�???�?�???�?????�?? ?????????�???�???????????� . ?�?�?????�?? ?????????�???�???????????� ?????�?????�???�?� ???�?�?�???�???�?????????�?�?? ???�???????�?� ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???????�???� ???�?????????�?????�???�?????? ???????�?� ???????�?�???�???�?�?????? ?�???? ?�?�?????????� (???�???�?�???�?�?�???? ?�?�???�?� ?????�???????�?�???? ?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�??, ???????�?�???�???�???�?? ???�?�?�???????? ECT);
  • ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�?�???� ?????�???? ?? ?�?????� ???????????�???� ?????????�?�?�?�?? . ?�?�?????�?? ?????????�???�???????????� ?????????�?????????�???? ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ???�???�???�?????�?? ?�?�?????�???�?�?????� ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�?? ?�???????????�?? (?�?�?? ?????�?� ?�?�?????�???�?�?????�, ?�?�?? ?�???�?????� ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ???????�?????�) ?? ???????�?�???�???�???�?�???? ???� ???????????�?????? ???�?????�?�, ???�???�???�?�???�?� ???�?�?�???????? ECT, ?? ?????????�???�???�?�???? ECM ???�?? ???�?�?�???�???�?�?�???? ???�???????�???? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ?�?????� ?�???? ???????????�???�;
  • ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�?�???� ?????�???? ?????? ?????�?????? ???�?????�???�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�???????? . ?????? ?????�?????? ???�?????�???�?????? ???????????�?�???????? ?�?�???�???????? ???????????�?�???�?�?�?????????�?? ?????�???�???? ???�?????�???�?????? ?????�?�???�???????? ?????�?�???�?????�?�?�???? ?? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?? ?????�???????�?�???�??, ???????�?????�???�?�?? ???� TPS;
  • ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�?�???� ?????�???? ???? ?????�???? ?�?????�?�?�???�?�???? . ?�?�?????�?? ?????????�???�???????????� ???????�???�???� ?????????�?????????????�?�?? ?????�???�???????? ?�?�???�???�???? ???????�???�?�?�?????? ?????�???�?�???�???� ?????�???�???�?�???????? ?????�?????�?� ?? ?�?�?�???? ???????�???�?????? ?�???????�?????�?�?�?????????�?? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ?? ???�?????????�???�?????? ???�???�?�???? ???�?�?� ???? ?????�???? ???????????�??????.

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1 - ???�???�???????? ???�?�?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?????�???�???�?�?????�?�?�?�??
2 - ???�???�?�???�?�???????� ???�?�?�
3 - ?�?????�?�?�?�???�???�?�???????? ?�?????�???�-?�??????
4 - ???????�???????�?? ?????�?�???�????
5 - ???�???�???� ?????????�??????
6 - ECM
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Fuel pump relay

Fuel pump

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?????????�???????�???? ?? ?????????�???? ?�???????�???????????????�?????? ???????�?�???� ?�?�?�?????�?????? ?�?�???�?????????????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? ???????????�???? ?????????�???� ?? ?�?�?�???� ???????�?�???� ???�?�???�???????�?????????????�?????? ?????????�?�?�?�?? .

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The concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) in the crankcase can be many times the value recorded in the analysis of the composition of the exhaust gases.

Controlled crankcase ventilation system (PCV) reduces emission into the atmosphere of hydrocarbon compounds due to withdrawal of crankcase gases from the cylinder and burning them during normal engine operation.

The principle of operation of the crankcase ventilation (PCV) petrol engine

The main system components include valve PCV, sealed filler cap motor oil, intake air path and a set of connecting the vacuum hoses.

Incomplete opening of the throttle valve contained in the engine crankcase gases, special hose discharged through the PCV valve into the intake pipe through a significant depth of the vacuum created therein. At the same time into the crankcase on the connected to the cylinder head cover hose starts fresh air.

At full throttle, when the depth in the inlet pipeline is not very large part of the crankcase gas is transported through a separate hose to the intake air path, and then - in the throttle body.

Over time, the walls covered with the throttle start Tar deposits, especially in the area of the flap. In view of the above, it should be from time to time to clean the throttle.

Three-functional catalytic converter (TWC)

Depending on the configuration of the exhaust system may consist of one (European models) or two (the US model) trifunctional catalytic converter.

Catalytic converter (s) is a component of emission control, included in the exhaust system and serves to reduce the emission into the atmosphere of toxic components. There are two types of catalytic converters. Common oxidation converter reduces the content in the exhaust gases of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Trifunctional catalytic converter (TWC) further reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x). On considered in this manual petrol models used trifunctional catalytic converters.

The basic components of any TWC are platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd), which is a thin layer of the mixture is applied to the oval-shaped honeycomb structure, or a porous ceramic substrate.

To avoid irreversible catalyst outlet fails to refuel properly equipped vehicles should be used only unleaded fuel!

The maximum efficiency of the catalytic converter is achieved at a certain concentration in the exhaust gases of toxic components. The desired balance is achieved by controlling the composition of air-fuel mixture control system which constantly tries to maintain a near value equal to the stoichiometric number.

The control system structure of an air-fuel mixture

ECM, based on signals continuously coming dokataliticheskogo lambda probe (s) makes adjustments baseline duration of opening of injectors in order to maintain the composition of the air-fuel mixture near the stoichiometric value (14.7 parts air to 1 part of fuel), providing optimal conditions for trifunctional catalytic converter (TWC).

Different reference values of time of opening of injectors are provided for different engine speeds, loads and the current intake air amount.

The system also provides an intelligent adjustment of the current underlying value that greatly increase the reactivity feedback on the changes.

System of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP)

general information

EVAP system collects accumulates in the fuel path of the car is stationary evaporation in a special filled with activated carbon adsorber and provides the output of the intake tract for combustion during normal engine operation, thereby preventing pollution gasoline vapors. Improvement of the system is carried out continuously as more stringent requirements imposed on the environment.

The scheme of the system of catching of fuel evaporative (EVAP) petrol engine

1 - Housing Throttle
2 - e / m canister purge valve
3 - The carbon adsorber
4 - Fuel injector
5 - PCV valve

6 - CMP sensor
7 - ECT sensor
8 - Fuel Pump
9 - Check valve
10 - the fuel vapor separator

The system includes a fuel vapor separator, two-way control valve, carbon adsorber purge control solenoid valve canister, trunks and ECM.

Management of functioning of the canister purge valve carries out ECM, choosing the most appropriate moment to purge based on the operating parameters of the engine, as well as information supplied by temperature sensors and fuel consumption.

Electromagnetic pressure control valve included in a line of a fuel tank evaporation and serves to control the pressure / vacuum in the tank based on the signals supplied to ECM mounted in a tank pressure sensor.

Filler cap of the fuel tank

Under normal conditions, the neck cover covers completely sealed by a rubber seal pressed against the entire perimeter of the neck, and due to the fact that the valve (A) is tightly pressed against its seat by a spring.

1 - Seal
2 - Spring
3 - Valve

Built-in filler cap pressure relief valve is used to prevent the formation in the tank too deep vacuum due to violation of patency of the evaporator lines.

With increasing depth of the vacuum in the tank pressure spring presses down that leads to opening of the valve. As a result, pressure equalized by the fact that the inside of the tank enters the outer air.

The carbon adsorber

Carbon adsorber filled with activated carbon, is used for the temporary accumulation of fuel vapors and is blown by a signal ECM when opening a special solenoid valve. Adsorber fuel vapor enters the intake manifold, and then burned during normal engine operation.

Purge control solenoid valve of a coal adsorber

The valve included in the evaporator line connecting the adsorber to the inlet conduit and is located on the lower side of the pipeline. Purge control shall ECM, based on data about the current operating parameters (coolant temperature, engine speed, speed, etc.). Purging is carried out with the engine running, except in certain conditions, such as idling.

Two-way valve

The two-way valve is included in an evaporation line connecting carbon adsorber to the fuel tank. When the pressure in the tank exceeds a set value, the force developed by the valve spring is overcome and the valve is opened, while being pressurized in the tank vapor is discharged into the adsorber, which accumulate in the pores of the filler.

When the pressure valve is closed, but the air that penetrates into the system via input port adsorber continues to penetrate into the tank through the small hole in the end of the valve, preventing the creation of excessive dilution.

Vacuum tract

Driving lining of vacuum lines shown in the right section of the label information VECI.

Diesel models

Overview

Scheme of the power supply system of the diesel engine with electronically controlled fuel injection

1 - Battery
2 - Speed sensor pump (Np)
3 - Compensation resistor
4 - ECM
5 - Gas Pedal
6 - boost pressure sensor
7 - the boost air temperature sensor (TA)
8 - Turbocharger
9 - Control of injection points
10 - Valve for controlling the distribution of injection points (TCV)

11 - gauge of position of the piston
12 - Shut-off valve (FCV)
13 - gauge of position of the clutch pump (CSP)
14 - Intercooler
15 - air temperature sensor pressurization (TA)
16 - solenoid EGR valve
17 - EGR sensor
18 - Managing the EGR valve
19 - Vacuum pump

The layout of components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases of the diesel engine in the engine compartment

1 - e / m EGR valve
2 - Managing the EGR valve
3 - Sensor EGR
4 - PCV breather
5 - Mounting the fuse box

6 - accelerator pedal position sensor
7 - Intake air temperature
8 - Pressure Sensor pressurization
9 - ECM

Engine management, as well as on the petrol models provides an electronic module (ECM), which controls dosage and ignition Combustion fuel mixture on the basis of signals from the various information sensors / gauges-switches (TDC, ECT, boost pressure, rpm pump [Np], PNP [model AT], activation of K / V, accelerator pedal position, and so on.). Adjusting the timing control module is carried out via electronic distribution type injection pump.

In the event of failure of any components of the ECM system fixed in the memory of the processor corresponding numeric codes (DTC), the reading of which can be made using a special scanner connected to located in the left rear corner of the engine compartment diagnostic connector (DLC).

Description of the principles of formation of the air-fuel mixture provided in Section power supply system of diesel engines.

The system of emission control consists of two subsystems: the crankcase ventilation (PCV), the mixing of the exhaust gas (EGR), plus the fact in issue included an oxidation catalytic converter designed to reduce emissions of the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide ( CO) and hydrocarbons (HC).

Power system

Dispensing fuel

General Requirements

For optimal richness high pressure fuel pump (pump) should ensure the supply of fuel to the engine at a pressure of 350 ÷ 2000 bar - in accordance with the characteristics of the combustion of diesel fuel - with maximum precision dosing cycles of injection.

Commencement of injection should be accurately determined by the time to within + 1 ?� of crankshaft rotation to provide a balance between the operating parameters of the engine such as fuel consumption, the background noise and emission of toxic components.

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1 - Housing
2 - The flow of exhaust gases from the engine
3 - Inlet
4 - the muffler
5 - Working honeycomb body




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