| 1. Before testing connecting rods and pistons should be cleaned and removed from the old piston rings. |
 | 2. Carefully spread the ring, shifting the top of the piston. When removing the ring from falling into the empty groove, run under the ring two or three old probe. |
| 3. When removing the rings do not damage the surface of the piston sharp edges. Rings are very fragile and in excessive dilution of the junction may break. In addition, keep your fingers not to cut yourself on the edge of the ring. Rings remove only through the upper part of the piston. If will be established the old ring, then guard shot rings together with the piston, from which it was removed. |
| 4. Scrape carbon deposits from the piston crown. After removing the top layer of coarse sludge clean the piston crown by hand with a wire brush (or sandpaper on the basis of cloth). |
| 5. Remove the carbon deposits from the grooves of the pistons using old broken piston ring. For this purpose, the old ring fractures in half (being careful with the sharp edges). Only remove the deposits, the metal can not be removed. When cleaning do not scratch the walls of the grooves. |
| 6. After removing soot flush with the piston assembly rod in kerosene or in a solvent, thoroughly dry. Ensure clean grooves to drain the oil in the grooves under piston rings. |
| 7. Measure micrometer diameter of the piston perpendicular to the axis of the piston pin (at a given distance from the edge of the piston skirt) and compare the result with the value specified in Section 3.2.1.1). Size group piston stamped on its bottom. If the wear exceeds the maximum permissible piston, the piston must be replaced. |
| 8. Check the clearance between the piston ring and the piston groove wall. For this insert ring with an outer side and a corresponding groove in the probe to measure the gap between the upper surface of the ring and the wall of the groove. If, even with the new ring backlash exceeds norm replace the piston. |
| 9. Check for clearance at the junction of the piston rings, which insert the ring into the corresponding cylinder and push the piston bottom to avoid bias in the measurement of the ring. Push the ring to a depth at which the edge of the piston skirt becomes equal to the split plane of the cylinder block, then remove the piston. Measure the clearance probe. If the clearance is excessive, replace the ring and repeat the procedure. If the clearance exceeds the norm with new rings, the cylinder should be chiseled and othonningovat. |
| 10. Carefully inspect for cracks on the piston skirt for the piston pin bosses and the spaces between the piston ring grooves. |
| 11. Check for chips and burrs on the friction surface of the skirt portion of the piston, the traces erosion at the edges of the bottom. If there are chips and burrs, it indicates frequent engine overheating, one of the reasons which may be abnormal combustion of the fuel mixture. In this case a careful check of the lubrication and cooling systems. Traces of melting the side surface of the piston show breakthrough gases from the combustion chamber. Burnout piston head or charred areas on the edges of the bottom point to the abnormal operation of the engine because of improper installation of the ignition timing (too early ignition), or as a result of the detonation. If these flaws are found, it is necessary to find the cause and fix, otherwise manifestation of the reasons for this deterioration is possible in the future. The reasons for abnormal operation of the engine can be air leak in the intake manifold, incorrect installation of the moment of ignition, fuel injection system failure. |
| 12. Corrosion of the piston in the form of small pits (pitting) indicating that the penetration into the combustion chamber (and in the crankcase, crankshaft) of the coolant. Here again, you want to find the cause and fix, otherwise corrosion will appear on overhauled engines. |
| 13. Carefully check the existence of such damage to the rods as cracks on the heads about piston pin and connecting rod bearing installation sites. Check whether there is a deformation of the body of the connecting rod (twisting or bending). Damage to the rods and is unlikely occurs only in the case of jamming or excessive engine overheating. Thorough check rods can only be performed in the workshop Car dealer, or an authorized workshop where the necessary equipment is available. |
 | 14. If necessary, the piston can be removed from the rod and assemble the connecting rod as follows: a flat-blade screwdriver to remove the retaining ring piston pin and push the piston pin, if necessary Abut piston and beat out a finger with a hammer on the punch. It does not damage the hole in the piston rod and a piston pin. |
 | 15. Removing the piston pin is much easier when the piston is pre-heated to 60-70 ?� C. Dip piston in hot water, remove and squeeze out the piston pin, while being careful to avoid injuries. |
| 16. Put labels on the piston rod and the finger so that when subsequently collect all the parts together. Retaining rings replace mandatory. |
| 17. Verify that the piston pin and the hole in the head of a rod signs of wear or damage. If you have the necessary measurement tools, you can identify a gap in the piston pin and connecting rod by means of direct measurements of the diameters of the holes, and fingers. |
| 18. If the sleeve connecting rod and piston pin are worn out, or if the gap finger in a rod head exceeds the norm, the pin and the bushing should be replaced. Replacement plugs of heads of rods should be carried out in the workshop, since the press need to retrieve them and scan new molded plugs. |
| 19. If the clearance between the piston and the finger is much higher than normal, the piston and the pin should be replaced complete. Keep in mind that the clearance between the piston and the finger does not play such an important role as a gap in the head of the connecting rod as a locking finger mounted rings. |
| 20. The connecting rods themselves do not require replacement, except in cases of jamming of the engine, or other serious damage. Check the condition of the connecting rods inspection, upon detection of deformation of rods and take them to the shop for auto-service inspection and repair of an experienced specialist. |
| 21. Check the condition of all the details, if necessary, purchase new by contacting the dealer service centers. |
| 22. Align the piston and the connecting rod so that the groove on the piston, which is intended to face towards the front of the engine (in the form of an arrow or a dash) is correctly positioned relative to the oil hole in the rod body (see. Fig. Correct orientation of the reciprocal piston rod) . With proper mutual orientation mark on the piston must be facing the timing chain and lubrication hole in the body of the connecting rod should be turned toward the rear of the engine block. |
 | 23. Lightly lubricate the piston pin with fresh oil for the engine, insert the piston pin into the hole in the piston and rod head. |
A warning  In order to facilitate the installation of the piston pin, piston recommended heat.
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| 24. If necessary, face down your finger on the spot light hammer blows on the punch, after having fixed the piston. |
 | 25. Check up freedom of rotation of the finger in the piston lugs, then install retaining ring. Make sure that the retaining rings have come into the groove next to the piston pin holes. |
