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Engine starting-system
Overview Additional electric system includes a battery, starter motor, magnetic switch, ignition switch, locking switch (only on cars with automatic transmission), connecting wires and battery cables. When you turn the key in the ignition switch to the "start" served voltage to the contact of the electromagnetic traction relay installed at the top of the starter. The anchor of the traction relay is drawn through the gear lever moves with freewheel and brings it into engagement with the flywheel. After engaging gears flywheel turns on the starter motor, which turns the engine crankshaft. After starting the engine speed exceeds the speed gear anchor of a starter and clutch does not transmit the torque from the engine flywheel starter armature shaft. Start the engine unacceptable conduct, including the starter for more than 30 seconds. Before restarting, you must wait at least 2 minutes. Overly long the starter leads to overheating and severe damage.
Starter
Specifications starter Minimum permissible length of the brush, mm | 11.5 | Gear backlash, mm | 0.5-2.0 |
Check the motor starter without removal from the car If the starter motor does not rotate when you turn the key in the ignition switch, for vehicles with automatic transmission, make sure the selector lever is in the "park" or "neutral." Make sure the battery is charged, and check the reliability of fastening of wires on the battery terminals and pulling the starter relay. If you turn the key in the ignition switch starter motor does not rotate, but the traction relay clicks are heard when battery is fully charged, it means that faulty relay or motor starter. If you turn the key in the ignition switch magnetic switch clicks are not listened, then traction relay is faulty or there is a break in the electrical circuit of the relay.
| Fig. 13.15. Using the jumper (1) for connecting the terminals "B" and "M" pulling the switch to verify that the motor starter
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To check the motor terminals, connect the jumper "B" and "M" on the traction relay (Fig. 13.15). If the motor is running, then it is OK, but the fault is to be found in the traction relay, the ignition switch or wires. It should be noted that in this test, the motor will not rotate the crankshaft, since magnetic switch which inputs the starter pinion into engagement with the flywheel, the power supply circuit removed from a link. If the motor does not rotate, remove the starter in gathering with the traction relay for disassembly, inspection, repair or replacement. Removing and installing starter Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Remove the air filter. Remove the pin from the traction relay and wire to the starter motor terminals.
| Fig. 13.16. Elements of fastening of a starter
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Installation is performed in reverse order of removal. Pull the starter relay After removing the starter motor starter, disconnect the power bus. Remove the two or three screws that secure the housing to the cover of the traction relay of a starter pinion. Turn the switch to withdraw from the engagement, and remove the starter housing, ensuring the safety of shims.
| Fig. 13.17. Location traction relay screws and shims (1)
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Install the magnetic switch with the shims in place and turn it so that it is correctly positioned on the flange of the front cover of a starter (Fig. 13.17). Tighten the mounting screws. If you are installing new parts, the motor must be removed to check the pinion clearance. Replacement of brushes of the motor starter Remove the two coupling bolts and two short cover screws, then carefully remove the cover. Set back on the armature shaft shims.
A WARNING To replace the starter motor brushes need a powerful soldering iron, in addition, requires certain skills. |
Remove the brush from the brush holder. Remove the brushes one by one, why raise the spring and remove the brush. Sequential extraction of brushes is necessary to save the brush holder plate fixation. Measure the length of the brush. To replace the cut conclusions from the old brushes and soldered findings of new brushes instead of the old. After installing new brushes, make sure that they are isolated from the body. Avoid unnecessary contact with the solder during soldering, since flexibility deteriorates conclusions. Clean the manifold with a soft cloth dampened with solvent. The assembly is carried out in sequence, return dismantling.
Repair the starter with a complete disassembly
WARNINGS If the starter is worn out, it is better to install a new, than to repair the old one. Before carrying out repair work, check for availability of spare parts and learn their value. |
Dismantling Remove the starter and clean it from dirt. Remove the nut supply wires to the starter motor of the traction relay and disconnect the wire.
| Fig. 13.18. The main elements of the starter: 1 - the traction relay and shims; 2 - a forward cover of a starter and bearing bush; 3 - pinion gear assembly with a freewheel; 4 - gear lever; 5 - anchor; 6 - the starter and field winding; 7 - the brush holder; 8 - cap and sleeve; 9 - coupling bolt
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Remove the two or three screws securing the cover of the traction relay of a starter pinion. Remove the yoke of the traction relay and replace the shims, preliminary having marked their number and location (Fig. 13.18). Replace the spring. Unhook the anchor of the traction relay of the drive gear lever. Remove the brush plate collector and brush holders. Carefully remove the starter from the anchor. Keep anchor - may fall lever spring and washer. Remove the lever with freewheel. Remove the cover from the front of the starter armature assembly with the clutch and gear.
| Fig. 13.19. Removing the pinion assembly with freewheel
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To remove the pinion gear assembly with freewheel anchor secure the anchor in the grip of two pieces of wood. Use a hammer and a length of the tubes is displaced in the direction of the thrust ring gear as long as you can access the retaining ring (Fig. 13.19). Remove the snap ring, thrust washer, the starter gear with freewheel. Check
| Fig. 13.20. Use an ohmmeter to check the continuity between the commutator bars and the core of the rotor winding
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Connect an ohmmeter to the commutator bars and the core of the rotor winding and make sure that there is no conduction between them (Fig. 13.20). In the presence of conductivity replace the rotor. Check the rotor winding with a special tool. If there is a short circuit in the rotor winding replace the rotor. If the steel plate is held close to the winding core, the core vibrates in turn, means that in the winding short-circuiting.
| Fig. 13.21. Cleaning slots collector: A = 0.5-0.8 mm
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Check the collector for signs of burnout and other defects. Sometimes it is possible to repair the collector through its grooves, but this work must perform skilled master. Honed hacksaw blade or other suitable tool to remove carbon deposits and other dirt from the slots between the commutator bars. The depth of the undercut grooves collector should not exceed specified on Fig. 13.21. Connect an ohmmeter between the commutator bars of the rotor and check the conductivity of the armature. If conductivity is absent, then there is a break. Replace the rotor. If necessary, the bearing sleeve anchors can be removed from the covers and replace with new ones. Before installing sleeves is recommended to allow them in engine oil. Check for visible damage on the parts of the traction relay and clean the relay anchor rust. Check the gear teeth and freewheel for wear and damage, replace if necessary clutch. Check the flywheel for damage. Hold still the starter shaft, rotate the gear freewheel. It must be free to rotate clockwise and locked by turning counterclockwise. Assembly Install pinion assembly with freewheel on the armature shaft. First, put on the pinion shaft and sleeve, then thrust ring. In the groove of the shaft, set a new lock ring, secure it with the power of wearing rings on top of the sleeve with a pair of open-end wrench, working with them as levers. Set anchor at the front cover and hook the lever for the clutch. On the axis of the lever and slide the spring washer and gently slide the starter with the windings. Install the brush holder, shims, cover the collector and replace the coupling bolts. Hook lever for the plunger and the yoke of the traction relay, install shims. Wrap and tighten the screws that secure the traction relay, starter motor power wire is not connect. Bench tests
| Fig. 13.22. Checking the pull-in coil pulling the starter relay
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Additional wires connect the battery to the terminals ?�S?� and "M" and the body pulling the starter relay - starter pinion comes out ahead (Fig. 13.22). This check should be carried out as quickly as possible (less than 10 seconds) to prevent coil burnout solenoid traction relay.
| Fig. 13.23. Check keeping winding of the traction relay of a starter
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Check the operation of the holding winding traction relay as follows. Additional wires connect the battery to the terminals ?�S?� and "M" and the body pulling the starter relay - starter pinion comes out ahead. Then disconnect the wire from the plug "M" (Fig. 13.23). If the gear will be put forward, then everything properly. If the gear to move back, then hold open circuit. Replace magnetic switch.
| Fig. 13.24. Checking the return solenoid traction relay
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Check the return solenoid traction relay, which connect the positive battery terminal to terminal "M", and the negative - to the body of the traction relay (Fig. 13.24). Pull the gear, and then release it. If pinion quickly returns to its original position, it means that everything is in order. Otherwise, replace the solenoid traction relay. If the result of any of these tests is unsatisfactory, replace the magnetic switch. If the result of the test is positive, the measure a backlash gear starter follows. Connect the battery negative terminal to the body of the traction relay and the positive - to the terminal ?�S?�.
| Fig. 13.25. Measurement of the gap between the gear and the stopper
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Feeler gauge, check the clearance between the gear and the stopper (pinion gap) (Fig. 13.25). If pinion gap is not correct, adjust it by adding or removing shims between the traction relay and the front cover. If the magnetic switch properly, and the gap corresponds to the desired gear, connect the power cable to the starter motor terminal "M" pulling the relay and secure it with a nut.
| Fig. 13.26. Connection diagram for measuring the current consumed by the starter during operation without load
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Measure the no-load current of the motor, which assemble the circuit as shown in Fig. 13.26, and secure the motor in a vise. When a voltage of 11.5 V current consumption must not exceed 60 A, and the speed of the armature must be at least 6500 min-1. Do not leave the motor on for a long time at such speed.
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