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REPAIR MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Nissan Maxima QX (1993 release)

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Nissan Maxima QX
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Nissan
Maxima QX
Introduction
Operating Instructions
Access, protection
Elements of car safety systems
The car equipment, arrangement of devices and controls
Comfort
Methods of operation
Adjustment and routine maintenance
Engine
System of cooling, heating
The power supply system and release
Electric motor
Engine Control Systems
Transmission
Coupling and power shafts
Brakes
Suspension and steering
Body
Onboard electric
 


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Methods of operation



Main caution

Nissan car owner will provide optimum performance and demonstrate high performance on the road with a good and uniform coating. This contributes to low ground clearance and low-profile tires.

Be careful when driving on uneven roads and unpaved roads. Ride on them can cause damage to the suspension and / or bottom of the car. Use caution when moving through special speed limiters ("speed bumps"), which are located directly on the roadbed, - overcoming them at high speed and with serious damage to the suspension and / or bottom.

To avoid damage to the front or rear bumper, use caution when Congress with curbs and ramps / ramps trailers. Remember that a low suspension makes it dangerous for the vehicle entrance to the borders even normal height.

Running a new car

In order to ensure reliability and long life in service for the first 600 km of run it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

a) Do not budge at full throttle, avoid sudden accelerations;
b) Do not brake too sharply. Normal burn-in new brake linings occurs over 300 km of running, during which should, if possible, gradually slow down and medium intensity.

After the repair or replacement of the engine, as well as after changing the brake pads need to comply with similar restrictions and recommendations.

Filling car

The type of fuel

In order to avoid the development of detonation in the engine use for refueling the car unleaded gasoline with an octane rating no lower than 95 (RON - AI).

Operating a vehicle on leaded fuel can result in damage to the catalytic converter, the engine itself. We should not forget also the factor of environmental pollution.

Checks

Do not forget to agreed schedule maintenance periods (see chap. Adjustment and routine maintenance) to make the control and correction fluid level, as well as critical components and vehicle systems.

Watch out for the adequacy of meter readings and meter on the dashboard of the car.

Transportation of goods in the car

The car is equipped with several containers designed to contain items transported.

To accommodate small items Storage compartments are located inside the vehicle. These include the main storage compartment in the dashboard, door pockets and the pockets are located in the seat back, as well as the glove box, built into the center console.

Large items should be placed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle. Transportation of long objects made possible by folding the rear seat backrest design.

It should be remembered, however, that improper transportation of cargo can adversely affect vehicle handling and stability and therefore reduce safety. Before transporting the cargo in a vehicle, read the information below.

Freight

Maximum load capacity of the car

The maximum permissible load capacity of the car or improper stowage may result in a traffic accident and cause injury and even death of the occupants of the car occupants. Do not exceed the maximum allowable gross weight when loading the car, as well as other restrictions referred to in this manual.


In the carriage of cargo in the vehicle should be considered that the full weight of the vehicle must not exceed the maximum permissible value. Gross Vehicle Weight includes: Weight, weight of the driver and passenger, the mass installed on the vehicle hitch, and is attributable to a mass of the trailer. In all variants of the vehicle load and axle loads must not exceed the maximum permissible value. Information on the maximum allowable value of the total mass and the axle loads shown in the specification.

Transportation of goods in the car

Firmly fix all placed items in the car, in order to avoid bias in the event of a traffic accident.

Do not place bulky items on the back shelf of salon - they narrow the field of view, and the driver can be dropped forward in a collision and braking.

Make sure that the objects arranged on the floor behind the front seats can not be rolled forward and under no circumstances are not able to prevent the driver is free to manipulate the control pedals, and can not violate the correct adjustment of the front seats.

Keep your glove compartment closed while driving.

Transportation of goods in the luggage compartment or in the trunk on the roof of the car

Try to distribute the load evenly, placing luggage as close as possible to the seat. Heavy loads should always be at the bottom, on the floor of the luggage compartment. Securely items carried strong cord, so they can not shift while driving. Never put the luggage above the level of the front seat backrests.

When transporting bulky or long items with rear seats folded, try to fix them firmly durable cord to prevent shifting of cargo during emergency braking of the vehicle. Do not stack luggage above the seat backs in order to avoid reducing the sector driver's vision.

When transporting long objects that do not allow to close the luggage compartment lid, remember that the vehicle interior can enter the engine exhaust gases - follow the proper precautions.

When loading cargo on the roof rack, mounted on the roof of the car, make sure that the combined weight of luggage does not exceed the permissible value. For more information, contact a workshop company Nissan.

Engine starting

1. Cock a lay brake.
2. At low ambient temperature, turn off all auxiliary consumers of electric energy, to reduce the load on the battery.
3. Manual transmission-equipped models, depress the clutch pedal all the way and turn neutral.
4. On models with AT, make sure that the selector lever to position "P" or "N" and depress the foot brake.
5. Do not squeezing gas pedal, turn the ignition key to the "START" position and turn on the starter. If the engine does not start immediately, continue to scroll the crankshaft starter, bearing in mind that the duration of continuous operation of the starter should not exceed 15 seconds. Repeated attempts to start should be made after at least ten seconds - pause is necessary for cooling the motor starter.
6. If the engine can not run the starter in continuous operation for 15 seconds, or running the engine immediately stalls, try the start when squeezed to half of the gas pedal. After successfully starting the engine, release the accelerator pedal, to avoid overrevving.
7. If you start the engine still fails to fully depress the accelerator pedal and hold it down during the whole time of functioning of a starter - it will help remove excess fuel, fell into the intake manifold and engine cylinders. Continuous starter motor, as in the previous cases, does not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine does not start after the purge of cylinders, once again try to run it when partially depressed gas pedal. Immediately after the start release the pedal

Features of the engine is started in cold weather at high altitude (height above sea level more than 2400 m)

At low ambient temperature engine start difficult. At high altitudes, where the air is discharged, engine start is complicated further. The following instructions are to be followed when starting the engine under these conditions.

1. Turn off all auxiliary consumers of electric energy, to reduce the load on the battery.
2. Squeeze half the gas pedal and hold it in this position for the entire time cranking the engine crankshaft starter. The duration of continuous inclusion of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. After the successful launch of the engine gradually release the gas pedal, preventing a significant increase in turns.
3. If the engine does not start, depress the pedal to the metal and hold it down during the whole time of functioning of a starter. Continuous starter motor, as in the previous case, should not exceed 15 seconds. If the engine still does not start, try again.
4. If the ambient temperature is negative, or if the vehicle has not been used for a few days, let the engine warm up for 3 ÷ 4 minutes and only then start movement.

Features of driving a car with manual transmission

When driving on the road with a slippery coating intensive engine braking or excessively harsh crackdown could lead to loss of vehicle control and accidents, which resulted in may be seriously injured people are in the car. Extra care observe when driving on the road with a coating does not provide adequate adhesion to the wheels of the car.


1. To ensure a smooth and shock-free switching all forward gears synchronized. The gearbox has a locking device that eliminates the possibility of a direct shift from fifth gear to reverse gear. If you shift the gear "up" (the highest level) or "down" (in the lower level) completely turn off the clutch. After the transfer gear lever into position next transmission smoothly release the clutch pedal. During the movement of the selected program completely remove your foot off the clutch in order to avoid premature wear of the components of the mechanism of the latter.
2. engage reverse gear only when the vehicle is stationary. Attempting to reverse on the fly can cause serious damage to the transmission. Before switching on the reverse gear disengage completely and soak short (a few seconds) pause.

Instead of a short break can be made including a forward gear. The described methods of the reverse gear can prevent shock inclusion of a reverse gear because of residual rotation gears.


3. For the deceleration of the vehicle can use engine braking, shift the transmission to one of the lower levels. Engine braking allows you to control the speed of the vehicle at a safe level and prevent overheating of the brakes when driving on a long descent with a significant bias. Switch the transmission to a lower level in sequence, with decreasing speed to avoid exceeding the maximum speed of the crankshaft of the engine tachometer. Tachometer needle should not go into the red zone of the scale. In all cases, should be guided by the maximum permissible speed of the car on the respective programs (see. Below).

Features of driving a car with an automatic transmission

Getting Traffic

1. Depress the foot brake and move the selector lever movement.
2. Release the parking brake pedal and slowly start moving.
3. Remember that the idle speed of the cold engine is always somewhat higher than that of the heated. Observe extreme caution when changing gear (both front and reverse) as long as the engine is warm.
4. In order to avoid jerks while driving do not race the engine is idling.

Precautions when moving

It is forbidden to switch the selector lever to position "P" or "R" while driving.

Starting is only possible in the positions "P" or "N" the selector lever. Other provisions transmission should not start the engine!

During the switch from position "N" in the driving position the engine should work at idle.

When you stop the car on a steep incline is necessary to squeeze the brake pedal (previously switching the lever to position "N"), to keep the car on the spot and prevent transmission from overheating.

Avoid sudden starts and wheel slip. Do not disperse the engine idling when the vehicle is stationary - it can lead to sudden pulling away of the car, if the selector is set to "D", "R", "2", "1", or damage to the engine if the selector is in the position "N" or "P".

Do not drive until the engine is warmed up completely.

When parking the air depress the foot brake, and when the car finally stopped, move the lever to position "P". Cock a lay brake and release the brake pedal.

To switch to position "P", "R" or "2" to "1" squeeze lock button. All other provisions can be included without squeezing the buttons

Provisions range selector lever transmission

"P" position. In this position the range selector lever is mechanically locked output shaft of the transmission. Always translate range selector lever to position "P" when you turn off or the engine is started. To display range selector lever from the "P", it is necessary to squeeze the brake pedal, pre-releasing the gas pedal. Reject the range selector lever to the right and remove it from position "P".

To prevent damage to translate the AT lever to the "P" only after the vehicle is stopped. Note: Removing the key from the ignition becomes possible only after the transfer of the selector lever in position "P".

The position "R". Methods of control range selector lever when transferring it to the position "R" (Reverse) from position "P" described above. Turning the lever to the "R" position from the position "N" (Neutral) is made only after a full stop of the car.

The position "N". Use the position "N" (Neutral) when starting the engine stalled while driving and short stops the car with the engine running. If you for some reason need to move away from the vehicle, pre-set the range selector lever to position "P" (Park). In the derivation of the lever position "N" squeeze the brake pedal.

The position "D". In this position the range selector lever must be constantly at car movement in normal driving conditions. In the range "D" (Drive) provides automatic switching forward speeds, depending on the vehicle speed and the degree of pressing the accelerator pedal. While driving the car, you may notice that the automatic upshift occurs later, that is, at higher speeds, while the engine is not yet warmed up to normal operating temperature. This provides a faster engine warm.

Position "2". When the range of "2" automatic transmission will constantly work on the second transfer. When you stop the car the gearbox does not go into first gear. The constant switch second gear provides good traction dynamics of the car on the climbs and the possibility of intensive engine braking on steep descents. The range of "2" is recommended to include when starting on a slippery road surface, as well as when driving in deep snow. This helps prevent a strong slip of the drive wheels of the vehicle.

When the range of "2" while driving the second speed in the transmission automatically delayed and occurs only after the vehicle speed is reduced to a safe level at which the engine speed of the engine does not exceed the maximum permissible value.

Avoid switching position "2" at speeds of over 115 km / h (model with engine VQ30DE) / 85 km / h (engine VG20DE). When you select "2" does not accelerates over the agreed limit.

Position "1". When the range of "1" automatic transmission will constantly work on the first transfer. If the inclusion of a range of "1" is produced at a speed of over 60 km / h (model with engine VQ30DE) / 65 km / h (engine VG20DE), the first mission will switch to second gear. Turning the intermediate stage eliminates the sharp and unexpected engine braking.

Automatically switch the transmission to downshift mode (kick-down)

When overtaking or for quick passage of the inclined section of the road, press the accelerator pedal all the way - it will switch to a lower second or first gear, depending on vehicle speed.

Upshifting

In normal driving overdrive should be included. Pen selector at the same time must be set to "D". In the overdrive increasing vehicle speed automatic overdrive transmission.

Mechanism upshift starts only after the engine has warmed up.

When moving up or down the long slope when applied "braking" the motor, turn off overdrive. In addition, during prolonged driving at low speed, or a long smooth rise, transmission can constantly switch between third gear and overdrive, causing discomfort. In such cases it is also recommended to turn off overdrive. When overdrive is disabled, the corresponding indicator lamp lights up. After the traffic conditions are normalized, turn on the overdrive.

To avoid increasing fuel consumption car should not travel at high speed overdrive-disabled for long time intervals.

Mode selector of an automatic transmission (if available)

In this automatic transmission provides three different driving modes - AUTO, SNOW AND SPORTS. Each mode is designed to optimize the traffic in certain driving conditions. Modes set switch located on the center console of the car.

The "AUTO"

Mode for normal motion at which the gear changes automatically. AUTO mode corresponds to the middle position of the switch ("A / T"). It is most effective during normal operation of the vehicle with frequent stops, or when driving on a highway, when conditions do not change substantially. In this mode the transmission is shifted so that the engine operates most economical manner. With a sharp squeezing the accelerator pedal transmission can switch to Sport mode. This indicator lights "SPORT".

The "SNOW"

This mode is intended for traffic or start a vehicle on snowy or slippery roads. SNOW mode corresponds to the switch position "" in determining which lights up "/ SNOW". In this mode the transmission is shifted accordingly features driving on snow - at lower engine speeds and lower speed - to ensure quiet and comfortable ride.

The "SPORT"

Sport mode is designed for powerful acceleration when driving or sporting manner on a long rise. Sport mode corresponds to the switch position "S", which when installing lights up "SPORT". In this mode the transmission is shifted accordingly sporty driving characteristics - at higher engine speeds and higher speed of the car - to ensure powerful acceleration when overtaking or climbing.

Crash protection

Operation of emergency protection leads to blocking of all programs in the AT to third gear. The next time, after tripping, the ignition key in the "ON" position indicator "SPORT" lights up for 2 seconds and then flashes for 8 seconds. At the same time the car remains in a controlled state. Emergency protection works under extreme conditions, such as strong and then rotating wheel braking. Protection can work, even if all electrical circuits are functioning normally. To restore the normal operation of the car, turn the ignition key to "OFF", Wait 3 seconds and return the key switch to "ON". If normal operation is not restored, it is necessary to address on HUNDRED Nissan for inspection and, if necessary, repair the transmission.

Car parking

1. Leaving the car in the parking lot is always wind the parking brake. Remember, built in in the dashboard warning lamp parking brake, only serves to remind the driver to release the parking brake before driving. Combustion control lamp does not guarantee the completeness charging the parking brake. In order to avoid the car rolling away on a slope, make sure that the parking brake is cocked properly.
2. You must first cock the parking brake, and then move the selector lever of an automatic transmission range switch to "P". This sequence prevents accidental moving off the vehicle and excludes the transfer of a significant load on the locking mechanism of the secondary transmission shaft of the vehicle power-skating. Unloading the lock-up clutch of the secondary transmission shaft of the vehicle power-skating. Unloading the lock-up clutch transmission output shaft delivers the next time the car pulling away from the simplicity of the output of the lever position "P".
3. When parking the vehicle on the rise, turn the front wheels away from the curb, and vice versa.
4. Before driving, make sure that the parking brake is fully released. When driving do not completely released the parking brake may overheat and failure of brake mechanisms of back wheels. In addition, it may lead to a breach of serviceability of functioning ABS.

Recommendations for safe parking your car

1. Make sure that the top hatch in the roof and all the windows were closed.
2. Turn off all lighting devices.
3. Put your luggage and valuables in the closing branch, or grab them with you.
4. Lock the doors with the key or remote control one lock.
5. On models equipped with anti-theft system, make sure to include an indicator of the dashboard, which shows the activation device.
6. Never leave the car with the engine running on platforms covered with dry leaves, tall grass or other combustible materials. Remember that the body of the catalytic converter can is heated to very high temperatures, which is fraught with fire.

brake system

Recommendations for safety measures in the operation of the models equipped with ABS

ABS does not reduce the stopping distance of a vehicle and is able to ensure the preservation of a car's handling during braking. In view of the foregoing it is necessary to constantly maintain a safe distance from the vehicle ahead, based on the vehicle speed and the specific traffic conditions.

ABS does not prevent lateral skidding while abrupt change in direction of the vehicle. For example, a car can enter into a skid when cornering too fast or jerk the steering wheel during the lane change. Always maintain a safe speed of the vehicle, in accordance with the state of the road surface and driving conditions.

ABS does not prevent the loss of ESP. During emergency braking, avoid sudden jerks of the steering wheel.

The stopping distance of a vehicle equipped with ABS may be slightly higher than usual for models with a conventional braking system. This is particularly noticeable when driving on unstable and uneven roads (gravel, snow). When driving in these road conditions, reduce your speed and increase the distance to the vehicle in front.

Control lamp ABS malfunctions

The system included anti-lock unit self-test. Externally, the system self-test procedure is shown with small pulsations of a foot brake immediately after the engine starts. Diagnostics ABS also performed at each brake the car.

If any system of any fault on the dashboard warning lamp lights up. Operation of a control lamp indicates that the ABS is disabled. This performance braking system is retained in full, except for the automatic regulation of braking force that runs ABS. If the ABS warning lamp does not go out after the engine starts or comes on while driving, it should at the earliest opportunity to address to the nearest service station.

Power on the ABS warning lamp and the failure of the braking system / charging the parking brake also means disable the braking regulation that indicates a fault in the ABS, and brake. When braking systems continue to provide adequate braking of the car is enough, however, to avoid a sharp squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake. Immediately contact the nearest service station.

Guidelines for Driving in adverse weather conditions

Traction control (tracking control)

In some models may include traction control (tracking control), allowing more confident drive off and accelerate on slippery road surfaces. The system automatically limits the power generated by the motor as soon as one of the driving wheels lose grip on the road surface and starts to slip. Feel the activation of traction control can be reactions to the steering wheel.

Driving in the rain, in heavy fog or snow requires special skill of the driver, due to reduced traction with the road surface and reduced visibility. Always keep the car in good technical condition. For travel in bad weather take special care. Avoid using Tempostat (at a corresponding complete set of the car) in adverse weather conditions.

Features of driving in adverse road conditions

Slow down and drive more slowly than usual in normal weather conditions on dry pavement. Remember that the reaction vehicle management will be more sluggish and slow, even if the road surface looks only slightly moist. Try to work on all the controls of the car smoothly. On wet and slippery surfaces sharp jerk of the steering wheel or careless squeezing the brake pedal may result in loss of control over the management. At the beginning of the trip, is not yet fully adapt to adverse weather conditions, exercise increased caution. This rule is especially useful when moving to comply during a snowfall. ???�?�?????�?� ???????????�??, ?�?�?? ?????? ?????????�???�?�?�?�???? ?�???�???????�???�?? ?? ?�?�???�???� ?????�???? ???????� ???????????� ?????�?�?�???�?� ???�???�???? ?????�???�?????? ?�???�???????�???�?? ???? ???????�???�???????? ?????????�???????? ?????????�?�???? ?�?�?�?�???�???�????, ?�?�?? ?�???�?�???�?� ???�?????�?????????? ?????�???�???? ???�?? ???� ?????????�?�???????�?�??????.

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After a long dry period, the first rains make the road surface is particularly slippery.


Overview

For road safety in all weather conditions it is very important to have a good view in all directions. Do not forget to also make sure that your car remains clearly visible to drivers of other vehicles - remember that when driving on the highway dip-light never hurts, even in the daytime. These requirements are difficult to perform in adverse weather conditions.

Regularly check the condition of the wiper blades and windshield washer nozzles. Always maintain the required level of liquid in the tank washer fluid. Use for fueling system Windshield washer fluid is only recommended brands. Check the condition of the working elements of the wiper, replace them as soon cease to brush properly clean the glass. In order to prevent condensation on the inner surface of the glass, use the demisting air, if necessary, turn on the air conditioner.

Coupling tire and the road surface

Regularly check the tire pressure and the degree of wear of tire treads (the depth of the pattern). Both of these factors are extremely important in terms of good tire adhesion to the road surface and to prevent the phenomenon of aquaplaning, that is a sharp decrease in traction at the entrance to the pools. For better driveability and safety at the onset of the winter season using studded tires.

While moving constantly watch for changes in road conditions, which are often very unstable. The presence of wet leaves on the road may not be dangerous than sleet. Often, seemingly clean, dry pavement can obledenevat separate sites. Especially dangerous conditions develop in air temperatures around 0 ?� C, when the pools can alternate with icing, which makes the car's behavior is particularly unpredictable.

Be careful when changing the automatic transmission in the low range. On slippery surfaces including a sharp downshift may cause short-term slippage of the drive wheels and skid

Special care and attention required by the driver in the commission of overtaking. Equally, care must be observed when overtaking your car other vehicles. Splashes of water and dirt from the wheels of the truck overtaken can dramatically reduce visibility through the windshield. A gust of crosswind while overtaking a truck or bus is dangerous loss of control over the management.

Trailer towing

Improper placement of baggage and freight is too heavy loads on the car or towing can seriously degrade the handling and braking characteristics of the vehicle / train, which is fraught with the creation of an emergency on the road. Before driving, always double check the correct loading of the car and the trailer.


Covered in this Guide models of cars in the first place is, of course, passenger and designed to transport people and their luggage. However, with mandatory compliance with a set of common rules, which are listed below, Nissan vehicles can also be successfully used for towing a trailer.

The maximum vertical load on the tow hitch of the car with the full weight of the trailer should not exceed 50 kgs. For trailers with a total weight of 500 kg should adhere to the following rules: vertical load on the tow bar should be approximately 10% of the total mass of the trailer. For example, if the total weight of the trailer with a load equal to 225 kg, the vertical load on the tow hitch should be about 22.5 kgs. Adjust the load on the tow bar of the car, properly placing the load on the trailer. To begin with it is recommended to place the goods, so that about 60% of its mass is in front axle of the trailer, and 40% - behind. If the total weight of the trailer exceeds 500 kg, try to distribute the load over the length of the trailer evenly. Never load a trailer so that the rear of the trailer outweighed the front - it leads to unloading the rear wheels, which deteriorates the grip of the tires and the road surface.

The full weight of the car and towed trailer should not exceed the respective maximum allowable values. Note: Gross Vehicle Weight includes: Weight, weight of the driver, passengers and luggage, hitch and weight attributable to a mass of the trailer. Remember that weight is installed on the vehicle auxiliary equipment and trailer weight falling on the hitch (with towing a trailer), reduced by an appropriate amount payload vehicle.

The most reliable way to verify the boot of the car and the trailer is weighed. Load the car and trailer as they are usually operated as part of the lorry convoy, and weigh them on the truck scales. Determine the values of the total weight of the vehicle and trailer, as well as the masses attributed to the axis of the vehicle and trailer. Compare results of measurements to requirements of Specifications.

Tow hitch

Installing the tow hitch is not appropriate for their weight and size characteristics of the trailer frame sizes or incorrectly installed on the vehicle may damage the body elements of the vehicle.

The design of the hitch, for installation in your car must fully meet all requirements. If necessary, consult a workshop company Nissan.


Tow hitch must be fixed in several points specially provided on the basis of the vehicle body to the load of towing more evenly distributed and were in the reinforcements of the body. It is forbidden to be mounted on the vehicle tow hitch, based only on the rear bumper, which is not intended for the perception of such loads. Installation of the tow bar must be made by qualified personnel service centers.

Rear view mirrors

Towing a trailer bulky (such as "Caravan") usually requires additional installation on the vehicle rear view mirror with elongated arms. Check local regulations and traffic rules concerning cars towing trailers. Attach the trailer to the car and evaluate the degree of deterioration through a standard rearview mirror. If the review is unsatisfactory, for safety reasons must be equipped with special mirrors, providing the driver an adequate review of the space behind the car.

Connecting the trailer to the vehicle

If you want to buy a trailer equipped with brakes, make sure they have an electric drive control - the design of the hydraulic drive of working brake system of your car does not allow to connect to it any additional circuits, in particular, to actuate the brake mechanisms trailer. Any method of attachment to the brake hydrodrive car trailer brake system, no matter how attractive he did not seem to lead to a deterioration of the braking performance of the car and reduce safety.

Trailer attached to the vehicle, always use a safety chain. The ends of the safety chain should be securely fastened to the appropriate places on the drawbar trailer towbars car. Make sure that the chain is held under the trailer tongue - this will prevent the fall of the front end of the drawbar on the road in case of disconnection of the coupling. Free length of the chain must be sufficient so as not to interfere with the commission turns trains with a minimum radius, however, should not be allowed drawing the chain on the ground.

Devices of external illumination and the trailer alarm

Since trailers of various brands can use different pad wiring, equipment tow bar should be charged with service specialist. In some cases, you may need to install transition nozzle (adapter).

Before you connect electrical power to the trailer vehicle, consult a workshop.

Preparing to tow a trailer

1. Before driving should be made a check inspection and testing of the vehicle and trailer.
2. Measure the vertical load attributable to hitch - use ordinary bathroom scales.
3. Check the attachment of the tow bar and safety chain.
4. Check technical condition of tires and tire pressure on the vehicle and trailer. Low tire pressure significantly impairs the car's handling and road trains. At the same time Check the condition and air pressure in the spare wheel.
5. fully load and trailer attached to the car, make sure that there are no excessive "sinking" back of the car - in case of need the goods in a car / trailer ..
6. Check the operation of the exterior lights and alarm on the car and the trailer.
7. Check the current restrictions on the SDA maximum speed trains as part of the car and the trailer. When planning to travel to several countries, pre-read the features of the local requirements and restrictions relating to tow a trailer of cars, since each country can operate its limitations. Note: In the European countries limit speed train consisting of a car and the trailer is fixed at 100 km / h.

Safety precautions when towing a trailer

Please note that the braking distance of a vehicle towing a trailer increases. Therefore, driving with a trailer, you should keep a larger distance to the vehicle ahead. Avoid sudden braking and cornering. This can lead to jack-knifing or overturning the trailer.

Remember that the length of the train is much greater than the length of a single vehicle. By turning to the right place between the edge of the carriageway and the car wheels starboard much greater distance than usual to avoid hitting the trailer wheels on the curb. Note that when you turn the lorry trailer moves along the arc of smaller radius than the car, and can be run over or face the obstacle that the car freely passed. When overtaking another vehicle is not in a hurry to return to their number, as this may lead to a collision with a trailer vehicle being overtaken.

Articulated vehicle, compared to a single car, is more sensitive to the action of crosswinds and gusts of aerodynamic disturbances from other cars. If you are at high speed ahead of a heavy truck or trailer, try to maintain a uniform motion of the car. To reduce aerodynamic disturbances acting on the trailer from the vehicle ahead, slow down to get out of the turbulent flow.

When towing a trailer, load on all major units and systems of the car increases. Therefore, if you frequently use the vehicle to tow a trailer is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance of the car in accordance with the regulations specific to stressful conditions (see chap. Adjustment and routine maintenance).

The additional load on the vehicle is increased by the operation of trains in a hilly area. In overcoming the protracted boom watch out for Thermal motor needle indicator on the dashboard. When approaching the arrow pointer to the zone of overheating, turn off the air conditioning (if equipped and enabled) and continue. If the engine coolant temperature does not decrease or continues to increase, stop by the roadside and let the engine cool.

Air conditioning should be turned off and with the rapid increase in the speed of downhill with the driving in hilly or mountainous terrain. If the engine coolant temperature is constantly increasing while driving in second gear, slow down traffic below 60 km / h.


When driving in hilly or mountainous terrain can be observed cycles between third and fourth gear automatic transmission. In this case, go to the lower range "D3", which prevents overheating and excessive wear of the friction elements of the AT. To avoid overheating the brakes when driving on long descents, use engine braking. For effective engine braking including reduced range or one of the lower stages of the automatic transmission.

When you stop the train on the rise, do not hold it in place by pressing the pedal action of gas - it can lead to overheating of the AT. Use braking system, or the parking brake.

When controlling the automatic transmission in manual mode, use the third, second and first gear, in accordance with the vehicle speed and road conditions. Towing a trailer, do not include the fourth transfer. The specifications are the recommended speed ranges for the different stages of a transmission.

Zaparkovyvaya trailer for the long parking lot, especially in the up or down, take every precaution to secure the braking of the car and the trailer. Turn the front wheels so that if rolling the train, they ran into a curb. Fully cock the parking brake and turn the range selector lever to position "P". On models equipped with Manual transmission into first or reverse gear. Additionally, enclose under both wheels of the trailer wheel chock.

Management road train when reversing presents certain difficulties and requires special skills and driver training. Move backwards carefully and slowly, not too quickly, turn the steering wheel. When maneuvering in reverse in cramped conditions is useful to anyone standing outside, watching the movements of the trailer and guide your actions. Keep in mind that when the steering wheel is rotated clockwise (right) trailer moves to the left, and vice versa. When maneuvering the lorry reversing recommended to hold on to the steering wheel rim at the bottom (not the top, as usual, with the forward travel). With this usual-grip saved correspondence between the direction of the steering wheel and movement of the trailer: shift left hand rotates the trailer and the left and vice versa.




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