Overview

On the "plus" power supply wire connected consumers with a "minus" - through the body of the car ("weight"). This method reduces the amount of wiring and simplifies installation.

Torques Nm

Wiper arm nuts and rear windscreen ..... 9-13

Bolt generator ..... 38-40

Bolts starter ..... 38-64

The electrical system consists of a battery, a generator, a starter, electric power consumers, and electrical circuits (Fig. 13.1).

For the lighting system includes headlights, tail lamps, fog lamps, turn indicators, lights, license plate and interior light.

The battery is charged by a generator that is driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.

The starter motor is a DC mixed excitation with electromagnetic driving relay. When starting the traction relay enters the pinion gear engages with the flywheel before the starter will receive power from the battery. After starting the engine clutch disconnects the starter anchor on the flywheel.

It should be noted that when working with any electrical components of the car to prevent short circuits and burns, always disconnect the wire from the negative battery terminal.

Determining the source of the fault

The electrical circuit consists of an electric element, switches, relays, motors, fuses, circuit breakers, wires and sockets which connect an electric element to the battery and the body. For help in finding sources of malfunction in the electrical system in the manual are circuit diagrams of the vehicle.

Before you try to define a malfunction source, study the corresponding scheme of an electric equipment for representation reception about the elements in the chain. The number of possible sources of malfunction can be reduced by checking the work of other elements included in this chain. If some elements or chains fail simultaneously, might have a defective fuse, the general for these chains or elements, or a broken connection to the body - "weight".

The reasons for failure may be weakened or oxidised sockets, breach of contact with a body, blown fuses or faulty relay. Visually check the condition of all safety locks, wires and sockets in the failed chain before to start check of other elements. Use the diagrams to determine the terminal clamps to be scanned to detect the source of the fault.

The main instruments necessary for detection of a source of malfunction, the tester or the voltmeter, control lamp 12 V, ohm meter, battery and set of wires to the probes, puncture the cap, preferably with a circuit breaker or fuse, which is used for detour of checked wires or elements.

In addition to violations of the reliability of the wires in the electrical system may be two main types of fault - open or short circuit.

As a result, break the circuit is opened, current is interrupted, causing electrical disconnection element.

To check the integrity of the chain connect the device for check of schemes or voltmeter: one terminal to the negative terminal of the battery or grounded element, the other - to the contact in the circuit under test, preferably closest to the battery or fuse. Verifiable chain section must be energized from the battery, except in cases when the connection plug to the battery does not hold a current or blown fuse (do not forget that some chains of an electric equipment join only at key turn in the ignition lock in certain position).

Turn on the circuit, connect the probe tester to the connection nearest to the switch on the side of the circuit under test element.

If there is a power (as evidenced by the indicator lamp or voltmeter indications), it means that in a chain site between corresponding connection and the switch no breaks.

If you find an area on which there is no tension, it means that an open circuit has occurred between this point and the previous check on which there was tension. Open circuit due to damage or weakening of the connector.

To locate the source of the short circuit, do the following.

Remove the fuse and connect the terminals of the tester or the voltmeter to the terminals of the fuse.

Turn on the power circuit, thus do not forget that some chains of an electric equipment join only at key turn in the ignition lock in certain position.

If there is tension in the chain (as evidenced by the indicator lamp or voltmeter indications), it means that the circuit is shorted.

If during the test voltage is not present, and the fuse continues to burn when you connect the same load, then failure left element load.

The negative terminal of the battery is connected to "weight" - the body, the engine or transmission. The lack of reliable contact or oxidation attachment can lead to component failure or malfunctioning. Do not forget that on many cars "mass" wires between some elements, such as the engine / transmission and body, that is, in those places where there is direct contact between metal elements because of soft rubber fastenings or a paint layer.

To check the reliability of grounding of an element it is necessary to disconnect the battery and connect one of the conclusions of an ohmmeter to reliably earthed element. Connect the other terminal to a wire or connection with a body that should be checked. Shown by an ohmmeter resistance should be zero, otherwise check the connection as follows.

If in doubt contact reliability with "mass", disassemble connection, remove dirt and clean contacts. When assembling tighten the mounting connector, to prevent corrosion, apply a layer of petroleum jelly or silicone grease.