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Electrical Inspections

When finding faults in electrical equipment is important systemic approach. This is true in the verification of defective incandescent lamp, and in case of non motors.

The first step is always to check the fuse, as it protects the electric element design. The actual location of the fuse can be seen in napechatke located on the lid of the fuse box.

If necessary, replace the defective fuse and connecting the electrical consumer, check for blown it again. In this case, you must first find the problem and fix it here, as a rule, it is a short circuit.

The second step is the control: If the fuse does not light a lamp filament, or, respectively, the electric motor does not work, check the power supply system.

Checking incandescent

Remove and inspect the lamp. If burned filament or glass bulb relaxed sitting in the basement, the lamp should be replaced.

To determine whether a filament lamp is OK, proceed as follows:

Connect directly to the poles of the battery positive cable (+) and ground (the vehicle body) wire (-) and connect with the lamp. It does not matter which wires are connected to the lamp. One must be connected to the conductors, the other - to the body of the lamp filament. If now the light is not lit, replace it.

You must be sure that it is not corroded contacts on the lamp and lamp holder. If necessary, the findings correlated or curved sanded smooth out and fabricate a normal contact.

If the lamp is working, insert it and turn. If the lamp is not lit, then using a control bulb, check the power supply. To do this, connect a control bulb with the weight of the car. E., A single wire control bulb must be connected to a good point on the engine casing (polished metal) or directly to the negative pole of the battery. Another probe control light () or keep the current-carrying plug, or connect it to the wire under tension. If now the control lamp lights up, and the lamp is not lit, the broken line connecting the car body with an incandescent lamp. To check this, attach the lampholder auxiliary wire connected to the car body. Now incandescent lamp should light up.

Note: there are lamps that have only one a live power line, for example, the parking light, interior lighting of the vehicle. These lamps through its housing directly related to the mass of the vehicle.

If the current wire to lamp voltage and no indicator lamp is not lit, it is very likely that the defective switch. Check the switch on the current flow.

Check motors

The car is an increasing comfort is provided by low-power motors. These include, for example, windows, movable roof, door locking system with a central control or electric antenna. If necessary, each motor is activated via a switch usually manually. In the case of an electric antenna switch is automatically controlled via the radio.

Check the resistance of the corresponding motor, replace it if necessary.

Before the new actuation eliminate the cause of overload of the power window system, and the central locking. This could be, for example, frozen windows and locks or contaminated grooves lowered glass.

To unambiguously determine whether there is a fault in the engine, lay the two auxiliary wires with a diameter of about 2 mm directly from the car battery to the motor. Connect the positive cable to the positive pole and connected to the body wire to the grounding pole. In case of doubt, the distribution is determined by the poles of the electrical circuit diagram. If you want, you just need to disassemble the motor. All motors in the car powered on-board voltage (12 to 14 volts). Now, if the motor is operating normally, the power supply system was faulty.

Too slowly rotating or work intermittently motor may mean worn elektrografitovye sliding contacts. In this case, replace the contacts.

With the test light bulbs, check live wires in the motor. Since the motors high current flows, it is possible to replace the conventional incandescent light bulb control. These lamps are equipped with test pointed needles with which to pierce a connecting wire. In this simple way you can check the voltage. Engines that are alternately rotate left / right, for example, motors windows have two positive terminal.

Check the wiper motor.

If no problem is found, check the circuit breaker.

If the wire is damaged, it is often rational to lay new wire as under insulation is difficult to determine the place of rupture.

Check the switches on the current flow

Most electrical consumers switched on and off using a hand press the switch. Furthermore, there are breakers with automatic drive. These switches include, for example, hydraulic breaker sensor (pressure drop in the brake system), and the brake fluid level.

In principle, the switch has the task to close or break an electrical circuit. There are switches that break the grounding line, and switches to the positive pole of a line break.

Check switches and electric lamps

Remove the appropriate switch.

Simple switches have only two terminals for connecting wires. In this case, one conclusion must be supplied voltage (+) and then the on / off - and on the other terminal. There are switches with multiple terminals. These switches on the basis of the concept is explained, to a terminal must be accompanied by tension. If necessary, switch on the ignition advance.

Check with a test bulb, the voltage supplied to the circuit breaker. If the warning lamp lights, turn on the switch and check whether supplied to the output terminal and the voltage. If so, it is set that the switch operates.

If the output terminal voltage is absent, it means that the power supply wire has a gap. Based on the concept of electrical equipment, check the supply voltage and, if necessary, lay new wire.

Check switch sensors

Switches, sensors, for example, are hydraulic breaker, the sensors of brake and coolant.

Connect the probe (a test light or ohmmeter) to the inlet and outlet wire switch by removing the wire from the switch.

In switches that are screwed into the engine block, offline, usually conductive, connecting them to the body, since the switch body on top of the engine block serves as a ground pole.

The fastest way around, you can check the warning level switches coolant and brake fluid, pulling with the ignition lead wire from the switch and pressing it against the well-grounded place, such as the engine block. If the warning light is activated on the instrument panel, the problem is in the switch. A special case is the hydraulic switch (sensor voltage drop in the braking system): when the engine is stopped contact closed (indicator lamp), the switch is opened only when a certain pressure oil.

Relay test

Many electrical circuits installed relays. Switching relay works as a switch. Example: if the main beam is activated by a manual switch, the relay receives a command to switch the current on the main beam headlights. Of course, one could apply the current directly from the battery through the light switch. But all the elements of high current (beam headlamp, wiper, fog lamps) in series connected relays, not to overload the switch, providing more short current path, Next to these combinational relay located and functional relay, for example, for systems stekloochischeniya and stekloomyvaniya or audible warning relays to activate outdoor lighting.

Checking switching relays

When the relay starts lighting element, ie, using current switching electromagnetic coil pulls inwardly relay and thus closes an electric circuit "operating current". Operating current through the relay goes on to the consumer. The easiest way you can check the performance of the relay and replace it correctly. So come, even in the garage. As the owner of the car is rarely available immediately at the disposal of the new relay, in such cases, it is recommended that the next step in the case of so-called switching relays are used, inter alia, to enable the fog and main lights. This is the marking of terminals, mainly installed at standard relays can be presented in a different way.

Remove the relay from the holder.

Turn on the ignition and relevant switch.

First, set the using voltage indicator, the voltage supplied to the terminal 30 (+) in the relay holder. To do this, connect the voltage tester to earth (-) and the other contact gently insert into the terminal 30. If the flashing light-emitting diode, the voltage is. If the voltage indicator shows no voltage, then the wiring diagram look for broken wires coming from the positive pole of the battery (+) to the terminal 30.

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- Terminal 31 - a terminal for connection to the body (generally in the electric vehicles);
- Terminal 53 - receives voltage for the first speed wiper;
- Terminal 53a - delivers a positive current (+) to the reset position of the wiper blades: the engine until receiving the voltage across the sliding contact until the wipers operate in the initial position when the driver turns off the windscreen wipers;
- Terminal 53B - applies a voltage to the second speed wiper (parallel winding);
- Through the terminal 53e wiper motor brake when driving back after a trip to the wipers do not go out of its stop position;
- Terminal 53c (on the relay) - energizes the electric pump wiper.

Check the wiper motor

To get started find out whether the faulty wiper motor and electrical supply system is OK. To clarify this, proceed as follows:

- Disconnect the wiper motor with multipin mains plug;
- By means of two auxiliary wires submit pressure (+) and ground (-) from the battery to the wiper motor;
- Put one wire from the positive pole of the battery terminal 53 or 53B;
- Perform a second wire from the negative pole of the battery terminal 31 of the engine;
- Now depending on the motor terminals must be running at stage I or II. If the engine does not work, it is faulty or the corresponding stage. Remove the wiper motor.

Checking the device flashing light signals

Stroke unit for flashing light signals and hazard warning lights system produced by the relay, so-called sensor flashing light signals. System emergency light alarm system is connected to a relay without fuse. The system turn-protected by a fuse located in the fuse box.

If the rhythm of the flashing device faster on one side than the other, then the "fast" side Defective bulb or an open circuit there.

In case of other defects, in most cases the cause is Interrupter of direction indicators (flashing light signals a sensor).

In the flasher terminals contain the following items:

- Terminal 31 is the weight of the car (minus all the electrical equipment in vehicles);
- Terminal 49 - Relay input (constant positive voltage is applied);
- Terminal 49a - relay output;
- On the terminal leads to the control lamp on the dashboard, in the presence of the towing device may be an additional terminal C2 for signaling the direction indicators of the trailer.

If you do not have a new switch, then gently insert a thin wire between terminals 49 and 49a in the relay shtekkernom connector.

It does not damage the sensitive relay contacts. Before inserting the ends of the wire bend to avoid sharp edges. Re-insert the faulty flasher. Extend the connecting shank so that you can again impose breaker despite bypass surgery.

If, in spite of the bypass, the flashing light is not lit, it is defective Turn signal switch in the electrical supply line.

Check brake

If the brake light is not lit, then, first of all, check the fuse in the fuse box.

If the fuse is OK, check the incandescent brake, if necessary, replace the bulb.

If incandescent bulbs are OK, check the brake switch, which is mounted on top of the brake pedal in its rack. When pressing the brake pedal push pin is pulled out of the switch. Closes the contact switch and the brake light comes on.

Check the brake light switch. To do this, remove the protective cover on top of the pedal. Remove the tip of the wire to the brake switch.

Switch off the ignition.

Shunt both contacts at the tip of wire brake switch short auxiliary wire. If now the light signals of braking, the brake switch is faulty and must be replaced.

Check the rear window defogger

When the rear window heating system after some time the region with visible tracks should be free of plaque or ice.

When malfunctions, first check the fuse in the fuse box.

If the fuse is OK, check a hard landing of the tip wires turning it to the left and right on the rear window, if necessary, clean it from corrosion products.

If, however, the rear window defogger system does not work, check the integrity of the leads and switch performance, as well as switching relays.

If broken heating line, to restore their connections helps conductive silver lacquer. To clean the damaged area of the diluent or ethanol.

Break ground on both sides obkleyte tape and apply a small brush silver lacquer.

Leave to dry the varnish at a temperature of about 25 degrees for 24 hours. One can heat it with hot air. At a temperature of 130 ?� C the varnish dries in about 30 minutes.

Do not operate the rear window heating system for the paint dries completely. To clean the damaged part, do not use gasoline or other solvent.