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Ventilation systems, heating and air conditioning
General information and safety measures general information Maintenance work must be carried out in a specialized workshop. Functional diagram of a typical system K / V
 | In no case do not open the work path K / V, - in contact with skin refrigerant can cause frostbite! |
Air supplied the ventilation system in the vehicle interior can be heated or cooled depending on the user's choice. The heat exchanger of a heater and evaporator K / V are located in the passenger compartment, under the dashboard. The entire flow of air submitted to salon is sent for heating or cooling through the same casing. The temperature and flow rate of air is regulated using the controls on the control panel. The principle of selection control temperature (for example, the regime of intensive warm cabin)  Below is a list of the main components of heating and air-conditioning the passenger compartment with a brief description of their purpose and principles of operation. Control relay off K / The relay acts as an electrical switch that closes the circuit coupling the compressor K / V. Upon reaching the coolant temperature of a critical engine control module (ECM) generates a special team for this relay which produces off the air conditioning system. Five-second forced shutdown of the compressor K / V can also be initiated by the control module when starting the engine, as well as in the slow acceleration. The relay is one replaceable components. Blower Due to the rotation of the impeller blower supplies air to enter the heat exchanger of the evaporator K / V, then supplied to the interior of the vehicle according to the settings selected by the operator (with a preliminary passage through the heater heat exchanger or bypass the latter). The electric motor drive blower Selecting the high-speed mode with the electric motor by the operator control panel operation of the heating / air conditioning. When turned to the OFF position the control handle motor ground circuit is open and the fan is not working. In the first (LO) position, the handle power supplied to the electric motor current is limited by three resistors special resistive assembly, as a result, the fan impeller rotates in a low-speed mode. Further switching between M1, M2 and HI provides a step by step reduction of the resistance of a resistive assemblies with a corresponding increase in the speed of rotation of the impeller. Compressor The compressor provides the refrigerant flow path in the refrigerated air conditioning system. The compressor is placed on the left side of the engine block and is driven by a belt drive from the crankshaft pulley latter (through the control clutch). The main elements of the compressor is compressor unit itself, there was a unit that controls the clutch and drive pulley. Clutch Compressor Clutch K / V is an actuator that controls the activation of the compressor. The clutch is a magnetic and allows the activation / deactivation of the compressor by the operator to switch on the control panel, as well as special commands generated in certain circumstances, the engine control module (ECM). Clutch compressor is one of repairable and replaceable components. Capacitor The condenser is installed in front of the radiator and the cooling system is a liquid-air heat exchanger that provides heat transfer from the working medium (refrigerant) refrigerator path of a central air. The intensity of the operation of the condenser is provided by pumping air through a heat exchanger extra charge special fan. The condenser is also among repairable and replaceable components. Condenser fan The fan provides adequate heat removal from the pumped refrigerant through the condenser coil, even when standing still the vehicle when the incoming air flow is completely absent. Power to drive the electric motor of the fan is fed through a special control relay. Evaporator The evaporator K / V is placed in general with blowing fan, and control relay off K / casing. The evaporator consists of works on the principle reverse the principle of functioning of the radiator cooling system, heat exchanger and expansion valve. Evaporator coil Getting to the evaporator refrigerant boils intensively selecting the heat from the air, run through a heat exchanger blowing fan. The quenching air flow is accompanied by condensation of moisture contained therein. The condensate falls on the plates of the heat exchanger, where it then is removed through the drain path. Thus, the evaporator, in addition to the cooling function, also performs the role of desiccant. The heat exchanger is one of repairable and replaceable components. Expansion Valve The valve provides adiabatic expansion in the phase of the high-pressure refrigerant fluid when it enters the evaporator. This expansion greatly increases the intensity of the heat transfer from the air to run through a heat exchanger. Simultaneously, valve controls flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator, the heat exchanger avoiding flooding. The servo valve inlet When activating the operator mode the air circulation from the control panel provides a special servo displacement control valve overlapping supply path into the cabin fresh air. Activating this mode to avoid penetration into the car smelly air, and also to carry out an intensive cooling of the interior, filled with air, the hot direct sunlight during parking.  | Circulation should be activated only for a short time, as multiple drives away in a closed cycle air quickly becomes stale. |
Heater The dried air is forced into the evaporator through the heat exchanger of a heater. Warm air is carried out by recovering the heat from the heat exchanger is passed through the hot coolant engine cooling system. Selecting the temperature is carried out by the operator by turning the appropriate knob, controls the position of the mixing valve, regulating the flow of air forced through the heater. The connecting hoses and lines refrigerator path The connection between a work item system K / V is carried out by means of a whole range of flexible hoses and metal lines are used, respectively, in the low-pressure and high-pressure circuits of the working path conditioning system. Communication lines refrigerator path are among the replaceable components. Receiver Drier The receiver-drier is placed at the outlet of the condenser and performs accumulation of liquid refrigerant and the removal of moisture present therein. Next, the dried working fluid enters the evaporator. Service fittings Equipment refrigerator path service port enables charging and discharging system K / V. Service port high-pressure circuit is built into the metal lines of communication coming out of the receiver-dryer. Low-pressure service port is included in the section of the flexible hose, which connects the return line of the evaporator to the compressor. Safety precautions when servicing the air conditioning system components | Work path system K / V is under pressure! Do not attempt disconnects any choke connector or remove individual components without first discharging the system in a specialist workshop. As the working fluid in the system uses a refrigerant such as R134a, - make sure that the station has the necessary equipment suitable for use in the maintenance of air conditioning systems operating on the refrigerant type. When disconnecting the connectors choke refrigerator path, always wear safety goggles! |
Service air conditioning systems should be performed only by specially trained professionals, trained in safe work, using proper equipment in compliance with the rules of depressurization, familiarization with the methods of collection and storage procedures automotive refrigerant. - Refrigerant R134a, are widely used at present, much less aggressive than previously applied R12. Nevertheless, it remains dangerous to health - causing burns in contact with eyes and exposed body. Although R134a refrigerant is non-toxic, if inhaled its vapors can cause suffocation - in any case, do not produce a discharge system indoors. Remember that the refrigerant vapor is heavier than air, - try not to climb during the discharge system in the viewing hole;
- When contacting the refrigerant vapor with naked flames, poisonous gas, which is mixed in certain proportions with air, can become explosive. Inhalation of refrigerant vapor through a lit cigarette can lead to the most unpredictable consequences;
- Do not allow refrigerant to the atmosphere. In contrast to the R12 refrigerant R134a does not cause depletion of the ozone layer, but contributes to the development of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere;
- The system K / V sealing elements are used, made of a special material to work with a particular type of refrigerant (R134a for - green). In order to prevent accidental contact with the working path is not the type of refrigerant in the system using special charging adapter accessories;
- Discharge system should be carried out on the company SRT KIA;
- Before carrying out any work related to the heating of any units of the car (welding, soldering, drying paint, etc.), the system K / V should be discharged. The need for a discharge system also arises when the service components;
- When servicing the components of the system K / V Always wear safety glasses;
- After contact with the refrigerant to the skin or eyes, do not rub the affected area, - wash it immediately with copious amounts of cold water, then refer to medical care;
- The new refrigerant cylinder is pressurized. Keep the bottle at a temperature no higher than 50 ?� C! Try not to drop from the height of the balloon and avoid other situations that can cause damage;
- Service components of the system K / V should be carried out in a well-ventilated area - the refrigerant has a high volatility and its vapor accumulation can lead difficulty breathing;
- In no case do not make cleaning condenser or evaporator using steam - use for this purpose only cold water or compressed air!
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