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The power supply system of petrol engines
general information All covered in this manual models are equipped with electronic fuel injection (SFI). Through the use of the control system of the newest technology solutions SFI provides layout optimization of the air-fuel mixture under all operating conditions of the engine. Fuel supply system is under constant pressure and is injected through the injector into the intake port of each cylinder of the engine. The dosage of the fuel supply is performed by controlling the opening time of the solenoid valves of injectors in accordance with the amount of air injected into the engine is determined by specific operating conditions. The duration of opening of injectors is determined by the parameters generated by the control module (ECM) electrical pulses, which allows a very precise dosage of the components of the combustible mixture. ECM determines the required length of time of opening of injectors by analyzing continuously arriving from information gauges of data on the amount of intake into the engine air - Hot-film sensor measuring the mass of air (MAF), the current engine speed - the crankshaft position sensor (CKP), and the position of the throttle - TPS . In addition to these features fuel injection system also monitors emissions, optimizing the ratio of fuel consumption / efficiency of return of the engine, as well as provide adequate initial parameters and the engine warm up in cold weather, on the basis of data on the temperatures of coolant sensor (ECT) and the intake air (sensor IAT). The air supply system The intake air path The intake air path is composed of the air intake, two resonator chambers, the air cleaner assembly and connecting it with the throttle body duct. The first resonator is placed above the air flow, using the vent hose connected to the rear part of the air intake and effectively reduces the level of background noise, which occurs when air is drawn into the engine. The second resonator chamber is connected to the duct inlet air path directly in front of the throttle body. The design of the intake air path of the petrol engine Is passed through an air cleaner air flows into the throttle body, where, in the designated position throttle sensor (TPS) an amount of intake pipe is supplied to the intake ports of the engine, where it mixes with fuel injected through the injector to form a combustible mixture. The stability of the idle speed is provided by bypass of the air mass, bypassing the throttle directly into the intake manifold. Control the amount of bypass air is carried out by controlling the operation of the ECM special relief valve of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC). Intake air temperature sensor (IAT) IAT sensor assembly mounted on the air and is used to measure the temperature of the intake air into the engine. The design of the sensor is put thermistor whose resistance is inversely proportional to the temperature sensing element. Monitored sensor parameters converted into electrical signals and sent to the ECM, which manages the arrangement of air-fuel mixture, and the moment of injection and ignition. The gauge of measurement of weight of air (MAF) Hot-film MAF sensor is installed in the intake air path directly behind the air and acts as a source of information, supplying ECM data on the amount of intake air into the engine. Based on the analysis of information coming from the sensor arrangement ECM performs an air-fuel mixture. Throttle Body Housed in the throttle valve controlled by the accelerator pedal, in accordance with the position of which, to a greater or lesser extent, the communicating orifice that allows to adjust the flow coming into the engine combustion chamber air. At idle when the accelerator pedal is fully released, the valve is almost completely cover the throttle and the bulk of the air (more than half) enters the intake manifold through a dedicated solenoid valve of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC) bypassing the throttle body. Using the IAC valve also allows you to monitor the stability of the idle speed regardless of changes to the current load on the engine (for example, when you turn on the air conditioner or other energy consumers). The design of the throttle body  Throttle position sensor (TPS) TPS is installed on the throttle and is mechanically connected to the throttle shaft. The sensor generates and sends the ECM signal voltage, which is directly proportional to the degree of opening the valves. Closed and open positions flaps meet clearly defined voltages.  | ECM is endowed with intellectual capacity, allowing it to compensate for the inevitable time-s f changes in sensor performance when binding them to the throttle position. |
The solenoid valve of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC) IAC valve is included in the intake air path in front of the throttle body and controls the flow rate of air bypassing the last bypassed when the engine is idling. The valve is activated by signals of ECM, enabling the latter to maintain the idle speed of the engine at a given level. The design of the IAC valve  Fuel Overview Placed in an immersion tank fuel pump supplies fuel under pressure to each injector fuel line. Gasoline is fed from the pump to the fuel injectors on the path to include the fine filter. Special regulator maintains the fuel pressure in the pipeline at a predetermined optimum level. After fuel injectors in the required amount is injected directly into the combustion chamber of each cylinder of the engine, where it is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture. The amount of fuel and injection timing calculated by the control module. Excess fuel flows through the return line back to the fuel tank. Scheme of the fuel supply system Fuel tank Made of pressed steel fuel tank capacity of 60 liters installed under the car directly in front of the rear axle assembly under the rear seat. The tank is equipped with a protective shield, which prevents it from being hit by stones, and fastened underneath the car with five screws. The configuration of the working volume of the tank is selected so that the fuel pump fuel intake remained submerged at any level of filling of the tank even during abrupt maneuvering. The fuel filler flap built a special one-way valve that prevents the penetration of the working volume of the fuel tank back into the neck while driving on the road and sharp maneuvering. Remember that right (to trigger ratchet ratchet) tightening of the filler cap is guaranteed to maintain the required excess pressure in the fuel path. Do not forget from time to time to drive the car on the overpass and inspect the fuel tank and let down to his line to identify mechanical damage. Fuel pump The fuel pump is integrated into a single assembly with the sensor supply of fuel. The pump has a rotor structure, and is placed inside the fuel tank, which allows a considerable extent reduce them produced when using the background noise. Management of functioning of the fuel pump provides ECM. When developing the appropriate control module commands the activation of the fuel pump relay and then the electric motor starts to rotate, driving the rotor of the pump assembly. Sucked through a strainer fuel standpipe fuel trunking enters the fuel line and under pressure is supplied to the injectors. Pumped pump pressure in the fuel path is kept constant by a special controller. In order to prevent the fuel pressure drop when disconnecting the fuel pump into the pump assembly includes a special gate valve. The excess fuel return line led back to the fuel tank. Fuel pressure control The pressure regulator is set to the end of the injectors supplied to the fuel supply line and consists of two chambers separated by a diaphragm: fuel and spring. The fuel chamber is connected to the fuel supply line, the spring - with the inlet conduit. With increasing depth of depression in the inlet pipeline pulling the diaphragm results in the opening of the fuel supplied to the control chamber of the return line - a result of the pressure in the fuel pipe is reduced. Reducing the depth of negative pressure in the pipeline leading to the diaphragm spring Wrestling and increasing the supply pressure. This mechanism allows to maintain the difference between injection pressure and negative pressure in the intake pipe at a constant level of 290 kPa. Fuel injectors The injection system uses injectors with upper fuel supply. Wiring injectors provides cooling of the flow of fuel. Injectors of this design are compact, high heat resistance, reduced background noise, and ease of maintenance. The duration of opening of the electromagnetic valve of the injector needle is determined by the length of the pulse generated by the ECM controls. Because the cross section of the injector nozzle, the amount of opening of the valve and fuel pressure kept constant, the amount of injected fuel in the combustion chamber is determined exclusively by the time duration of opening corresponding to the length of the control pulse. Sensor fuel supply The sensor is integrated into a single assembly with the fuel pump and consists of a lever mounted on a float and a potentiometer. Changing the fuel level is monitored by a potentiometer the position of the float, the corresponding indication appears on the instrument cluster mounted in the meter. Trunks fuel path Supply of fuel from the fuel pump to the fuel line and return it to the fuel tank made of metal pipes and hoses, lines of giving and fuel return. Lines by clamps attached to the underside of the vehicle. And should be regularly checked for mechanical damage. In addition to the supply and return fuel pipe to the number of trunks tract supply system should also include a fuel vapor discharge line, which collects in the fuel tank when stationary fuel vapor is discharged into a special placed in the engine compartment of a coal adsorber. When squeezing the accelerator after the engine has warmed up to normal operating temperature ECM team carried purging the canister with the withdrawal of accumulated fuel into the intake manifold, followed by burning it in the normal operating cycle of the engine. The fine filter The fine filter is included in the fuel supply line. The housing of the fuel filter is able to withstand relatively high temperatures, vibration and shock loads. Inside the housing is enclosed paper filter element providing clean supply fuel in the fuel line to remove particles do not catch the fuel pump and fuel standpipe grid can damage the injectors. Recommendations for fuel economy A significant impact on fuel consumption has a style of driving. The following suggestions will help the owner achieve fuel economy in obtaining an adequate return on the engine. - Avoid prolonged heating of the engine - start moving as soon as the momentum stabilized;
- When the vehicle is stopped for more than 40 seconds, stop the engine;
- Always try to move to the highest possible gear, avoiding sudden accelerations;
- The long journeys if possible try to move at a constant speed. Avoid driving at excessive speeds. Operate the vehicle with caution. Without need do not brake;
- Do not carry unnecessary burden is not a car. If a roof rack is not in use, remove it from the roof;
- Regularly check the tire inflation pressure, avoiding excessive reduce it.
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