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General information and safety measures
general information Basic brake system On cars KIA Sportage uses the standard base hydraulic dual-circuit braking system with vacuum gain. When failure of any of the circuits (for example as a result of pressurization failure) continues to operate in the second normal mode, providing adequate braking of the vehicle. The front wheels are equipped with brakes with ventilated discs, rear - drum machines. Further, in the drive circuit of the rear brake mechanisms built proportional pressure control valve, which provides dynamic corrections braking force of rear wheels in accordance with the change of the load on the rear axle of the vehicle. Handbrake lever has a mechanical cable, connected to the rear brakes of the vehicle. Scheme of the base braking system of cars KIA Sportage The fluid pressure in both circuits have created the tandem master cylinder design (GTZ). Activation occurs when the GTZ squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake. As a result, increasing the hydraulic pressure in the brake circuits piston wheel cylinders to squeeze out of the cylinder, ensuring pressing of the friction pads / shoes to the brake discs / working surfaces of the drums wheel assemblies. Brake fluid reservoir is mounted on the master cylinder (GTZ) and provides all working fluid hydraulic path of brake system. On petrol models of the brake booster accumulates vacuum created in the intake manifold of the engine. On diesel models, in the absence of such a power vacuum, use a special vacuum pump. If necessary, a special valve provides a connection corresponding to a vacuum source, thus providing increased exposure, developed by the foot brake pedal. Electronic anti-lock braking system (ABS) and brake force distribution (EBD) ABS On equipped base vehicle braking system a sharp squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake leads to blocking of wheels. In this case violated grip tread and the road surface and the vehicle can go skid, losing control. Anti-lock brakes (ABS) prevents premature blocking of wheels, continuously controlling the speed of their rotation during braking by modulating the pressure of hydraulic fluid in each of the brake mechanisms. In some models KIA Sportage includes 4-channel ABS type MGH 10 three-wheel electric pump equipped with sensors and electronic-hydraulic control unit. Scheme of the anti-lock braking systems of cars KIA Sportage  The front wheels are equipped with individual wheel sensors mounted on the steering knuckle assemblies - toothed ring (rotor) sensors planted in the Hub assembly. Details of installation of wheel gauges ABS  Rear ABS sensor monitors the speed differential in the gear boxes of continuous rear axle. The sensor is inserted into the gear case and pribolchivaetsya to it, - the rotor is mounted on the differential housing (see. Illustration Disassembly Procedure rear axle). The principle of operation is explained in the ABS circuit. Hydromodulator provides three modes of operation ABS: pressure relief mode, hold the pressure and discharge mode. Schematic diagram of the functioning of the ABS The principle of operation of ABS  When the ABS is disabled, the power to the solenoid valves are not supplied, and they remain in their normal position, that is, the intake valves are left open circuit connecting the GTZ with the wheel, while the exhaust overlapping channels "wheel cylinders - tank GTZ" thereby preventing collapse. Once the ECU receives information from any of the wheel sensors on early lock the wheel / wheels, it generates a command to transition hydromodulator mode depressurization to respective solenoid valves is switched on, causing the intake valves close, stopping the supply pressure of GTZ to the wheel cylinders, exhaust, opposite, open, providing relief of the working pressure in the respective circuits. When the working pressure in the circuits drops to a critical value, ECU provides switching hydromodulator on hold by removing power from the exhaust valves are returned to the normally closed position). Thus depressurization tank system is stopped. When the ECU determines that the risk of wheel lock completely prevented, it allows the removal of power from all hydromodulator valves and the system returns to the basic mode of delivery. The above cycle is repeated with the frequency of hundreds of times per second to a complete stop. When detecting a fault in the electric or hydraulic part of the system of management of functioning ABS control unit (ECU) system provides its transition into emergency mode, in which the supply from all valves hydromodulator removed, and the instrument cluster is activated by the control lamp ABS (see chap. Controls and tricks operation). Basic hydraulic braking system at the same time continues to operate as normal, providing adequate braking of the car. The driver when driving on a slippery road surface must be very careful. EBD System In order to prevent the risk of losing management control as a result of skidding when premature locking of the rear wheels in the brake system, the base design uses a special control valve which regulates the pressure in the rear brakes depending on the load on the rear axle. The lower the load, the minimal pressure is applied to the rear wheel cylinders. As a result, during heavy braking, when the center of gravity of the vehicle moves forward, the risk of the rear wheels lock before the front is reduced to zero. The main disadvantage of this scheme is leading to an increase in braking distance marked decrease in the efficiency of the rear brakes. Note also that the shape of the ideal curve of the pressure in the rear brake pressure in the front is also determined personality structure of the material of the friction brake linings / shoes. Thus, to achieve the optimal brake force distribution is not mechanically feasible in principle. Another disadvantage of the use of control valve is a lack of organization alerting the driver of their refusal. As a result, the risk of losing control of the car when braking is significantly increased. The use of standard anti-lock braking systems, electronic-hydraulic control unit has guided the developers to think about the possibility of additional monitoring organization since the beginning of the lock of the rear wheels, allowing for a controlled release of pressure in the rear brake circuit with minimal deviation from the ideal curve depending brake force distribution. Comparative diagrams illustrating the difference in the principles of operation and control valve system EBD  The principle of the organization of the monitoring of pressure in back brake mechanisms similar to the principle used in the ABS: supervised by ECU switching solenoid valves hydromodulator. Schematic diagram of the system EBD Application of EBD allows substantially to reduce the stopping distance and reduce the force required for squeezing the brake pedal. In addition, offset by the effect of reducing the efficiency of the brakes as a result of the heating pad friction linings of the front wheels by increasing the impact of back brake mechanisms. Another positive feature is the possibility of organizing EBD warning the driver about the system failure - it uses standard brake system warning lamp / charging the parking brake (see chap. Controls and operation receptions). Since the operation of the EBD is not used an electric pump hydromodulator functioning of the system, as opposed to ABS, it is not interrupted even when the critical battery voltage drops. Comparative scheme of functioning ABS and EBD systems is presented in the table. Violation of | System | The indicator lamp | ABS | EBD | ABS | EBD | | None | Functions | Functions | Off | Off | | Failure of one of the speed sensors | Do not functioning | Functions | On | Off | | Failure of the electric pump | Do not functioning | Functions | On | Off | | Critical reduction in the battery voltage | Do not functioning | Functions | On | Off | | Disclaimer multiple sensors, valve failure, failure ECU, other failures | Do not functioning | Do not functioning | On | On |
Procedure control lamp ABS is activated while driving | - Stop the car, stop the engine and restart it.
- Check the battery voltage - if the measurement is less than 10.5, make recharging the battery.
 | If the ABS warning lamp lights up while driving, and then goes off after a while, indicating a decrease of the battery voltage, which is then compensated by the start of operation of the generator. |
- Make sure of reliability of fastening of tips of wires on the pole terminals of the battery, if necessary, tighten the fasteners.
- Post the car off the ground, remove the wheels and check the speed sensor wiring.
- More detailed diagnosis should be carried out in a service station with special equipment for reading stored in the memory control unit fault codes (DTC), - a list of DTC ABS shown in Specifications of the Head Brake system.
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security measures - Brake fluid is among the highly toxic and chemically aggressive compounds, and in contact with body panels destroys the paintwork!
- Brake dust generated in the process of wear of the brake pads may contain harmful to human health asbestos - in any case, do not inhale it when cleaning the brake!
- Work on the brake system requires a high purity and precision of instructions. In the absence of the necessary experience it is advisable to contact the service station.
| When driving on wet roads need to periodically press the brake pedal to remove moisture from the brake discs; |
- During wheel rotation moisture centrifugally discharged from the brake discs, but leave a film of silicone rubber attrition, grease and other contaminants that reduce braking performance!
- After installing new brake pads last have earned extra - try to avoid sharp braking the first 200 km of run after replacement!
- Corroded disc brakes provide braking effect of shaking, do not disappear with time, - replace the wheels!
- Dirt sticking to the surface of the brake pad lead to formation of grooves on the surface of the brake disk, leading to a reduction in braking performance!
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