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Check Fluid Levels
A WARNING Check the fluid level should be operational in the motor vehicle on a level surface. |
Motor oil Motor oil is essential for normal engine operation and durable. It must retain its properties even under extreme conditions, and as slowly as possible to get old. The engine oil reduces friction between the sliding surfaces, which reduces wear of the piston with the piston rings, cylinders, bearings and valve train components. Engine oil is also used for mikrogermetizatsii between the pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls, as between these parts is always a gap of a few microns. Due to oil additionally sealed high pressure gas resulting from combustion is transmitted without loss and the piston head is converted into kinetic energy. Thus, we achieve optimal engine performance. The engine oil in the engine is checked pointer (stylus) engine oil level, disposed on the front side near the engine radiator. Index (probe) to measure the level of oil is inserted through the guide pipe to the oil sump located at the bottom of the engine. Checking the oil level is recommended before traveling by car or 15 minutes after the engine is started. If you check the oil level immediately after the start of the vehicle, a certain amount of oil will remain at the top of the engine, resulting in incorrect readings will be taken.
| Fig. 2.1. Location tags and on the dipstick
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Remove the dipstick from the tube and with a clean cloth or paper towel, wipe it. Insert all the way clean through the guide tube pointer to the oil pan, wait a bit and take it again. The oil level should be between the and on the index (Fig. 2.1). The amount of engine oil between labels and index is 1 liter. The oil level should not drop below the lower mark. Reducing the level of more than 0.25 liter is not harmful to the engine. If there is no more oil, and the car is moving at a high speed of the crankshaft of the engine, the oil pressure can be reduced to a dangerous limit, as the driver will inform the oil pressure warning lamp located in the instrument cluster. Not recommended fill above mark on the index, since it in large quantities into the combustion chamber through the crankcase ventilation system and combusted therein. The oil is added to the engine after removing the cover from the oil filler cap. To reduce the amount of spilled oil should be used funnel. Checking the oil level is an important element of the maintenance of the vehicle. If you notice a significant decrease in the level of oil in a relatively short period of time, it indicates the presence of oil leakage or wear of the engine parts that must be immediately eliminated. If the oil were drops of water or it has a pale milky, then got in the lubrication system coolant. In this case, you should immediately check and repair the engine. Along with checking the oil level should be checked the state of the coolant expansion tank. After removing the oil level gauge of engine oil from the erase pointer finger and thumb for determining the presence of particles of dirt or metal that may adhere to it at level measurements. Dirt and metal particles in motor oil indicate the need for replacement.
Coolant All cars are equipped with a cooling system with forced circulation of fluid under pressure. The hose from the surge tank, fixed on the inner panel of the wing, connected to the radiator cover. When the engine is hot, the coolant from the radiator through the connecting hose enters the expansion tank. When the engine cools down, the coolant is automatically returned to the radiator, wherein the liquid level is maintained. The coolant level should be checked on the hot engine: in a broad tank it should be near the mark "full" on the side of the tank. If the engine is cold, remove the cover and check the coolant level in the radiator.
A WARNING Be careful when you open the cover of a broad tank on the hot engine, as emerging vapors can cause severe burns. To do this, close the cover of the expansion tank with a thick layer of tissue and slowly unscrew the cap until the hissing. After the cessation of fizz slowly unscrew and remove the cap from the expansion tank. |
If required to add only a small amount of coolant, ordinary water can be used. When adding large amounts of fluid necessary to maintain the recommended concentration of ethylene glycol in the water. Do not allow coolant to clothing and body paint. Otherwise, rinse with plenty of water. The expansion tank must be filled with coolant up to the mark "full". If the radiator cap is removed, pour coolant up until the radiator is full, and then replace the cover. When checking the coolant level pay attention to her condition. The liquid should be relatively transparent. If it is brown or rust-colored, drain it, flush the system and fill with fresh coolant. If you need to periodically refill the cooling system to maintain the required level, check radiator cap seal. Check for leaks in the system, cause damage to the hoses and gaskets, hoses, loose connections, etc.
Liquid for washing windows and headlights Liquid for windscreen washer.
| Fig. 2.2. Location windshield washer fluid reservoir (A) and posterior (b) glasses
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The liquid is in a plastic tank located next to the expansion tank (Fig. 2.2). The tank should be filled no more than 2/3 of the volume, taking into account the possible expansion of the liquid during freezing. In cold weather, use a special non-freezing liquid, which can be purchased at the store. Never use an antifreeze as an additive, as this will damage the paint of the car. Before using the washer to prevent icing in cold weather, warm the windshield heater. Liquid for rear window washer. On models equipped with screen washer rear window, the tank is located behind the panel in the luggage compartment, and it should also be filled up to 2/3 of the volume, using the same fluid in the windshield washer. Liquid for the headlight washer. Some models are equipped with headlight washers, the reservoir is located in the engine compartment. Due to the variety of configurations tank used to determine the location of the trace laying pipes from the tank to the washer. The tank should also be filled up to 2/3 of the volume, using the same fluid in the windshield washer.
The electrolyte in the battery Battery under normal operating conditions the car is virtually maintenance free. At high ambient temperatures it is recommended from time to time to check the electrolyte level in the battery. You should check the level of electrolyte in the battery is charging. It should always be between the and
WARNINGS The electrolyte is very aggressive. Working with a battery you must wear gloves and safety glasses. We can not allow dripping acid and particles containing lead compounds, in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not tilt the battery - from the vents can result electrolyte. If electrolyte gets in your eyes, immediately rinse them with clean water for several minutes. Then consult a doctor. In case of contact with skin or clothes, immediately neutralize acid alkaline soap and wash the appropriate place with plenty of clean water. |
By reducing the level of the electrolyte should be topped up to the relevant banks distilled water up to the mark "MAX". This should be done before the electrolyte level is below the mark . Do not fill more than is necessary, since it will leak through the vent holes, which may cause damage to the paint and corrosion resistance of the body. After topping up the electrolyte should be tightly stoppered appropriate battery banks.
brake fluid
| Fig. 2.3. Location brake fluid reservoir on the master cylinder
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The main brake cylinder is installed in the engine compartment. The brake fluid level must be maintained about a label tank (Fig. 2.3). If the brake fluid level is low, before removing the cover to prevent contamination of the brake system, wipe the top of the tank and cover with a clean cloth. When adding brake fluid must be careful to accurately fill the tank and not spill the brake fluid on the surrounding painted surfaces. Be sure to use the recommended fluid as the mixing of different types of brake fluid could damage the brake system. The manufacturer recommends replacing the brake fluid by pumping hydraulic brakes. Brake fluid should be replaced if it has found particles of dirt or water droplets. After filling the tank to the appropriate level, make sure the cover is properly installed, eliminating leakage of brake fluid and / or reducing pressure in the system. The brake fluid level in the master cylinder will retract when worn brake pads or discs during normal operation. If you want to permanently add a liquid to maintain its required level, it means that the brake system has a leak that should be repaired immediately. When you check the brake fluid level, you will find that one or both sections of the tank is almost empty, after refilling the brake fluid is necessary to bleed the brake system.
Transmission oil manual transmission To determine the level of oil in manual transmissions provided by the use of the level indicator. The fluid level is checked by removing the speedometer drive gear.
| Fig. 2.4. Location marks the on the gear drive of a speedometer to check the level of oil in a mechanical transmission
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Remove the bolt and remove the speedometer drive gear, clean, clean and re-install it in place. Again, pull the gear and check the oil level, which must be between the and , as shown in Fig. 2.4. Topping up the oil in a manual transmission holds syringe through the hole for speedometer drive gear. Install the speedometer drive gear and secure it with a bolt. After a short trip by car, check the leakage of oil from the gearbox.
The working fluid of an automatic transmission Automatic Transmission filled with liquid that serves to lubricate and adjust the hydraulic pressure in the gearbox. The level of the hydraulic fluid in the automatic transmission must be kept within strictly defined. The low level of the liquid causes a slipping clutch or reduction traction while its excess promotes foaming and malfunction of hydraulic transmission. At a low level of liquid should not be immediately pour the liquid pre-check the gearbox for leaks. Work on sealing the box should be done at the service station. Apply the parking brake, start up the engine, move the selector lever to all positions one by one and leave it in the "park". The fluid level should be checked on a raised vehicle with the engine running at idle.
| Fig. 2.5. Location dipstick transmission fluid in an automatic transmission
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At normal operating temperatures to measure the fluid level transmission remove the indicator from the filler neck of the tube, at the rear of the transmission case (Fig. 2.5).
A WARNING The level of the hydraulic fluid in an automatic transmission will be determined incorrectly immediately after a long car trip at high speed, with a trailer, in warm weather and when driving in the city. In these cases it is necessary to wait until the working fluid is cooled within 30 minutes. |
Wipe the dipstick with a clean cloth and put it back in the fuel filler tube to the fitting cover. Pull index and determine the level of the working fluid, which should be between labels and (see. Fig. 2.5). Add the recommended type of hydraulic fluid to fill the gearbox to the required level. The volume of the working fluid between the marks and pointer on a hot gearbox is 1 liter, so you should add the liquid gradually, constantly checking the level. Work carefully to dirt or foreign objects do not fall into the gearbox. Simultaneously with the liquid level check its condition. If the fluid on the dipstick dark red-brown color, or has a burnt smell, then this fluid must be replaced. If you have doubts about the state of the liquid, purchase a new liquid sample and compare the two liquids in the color and smell.
Liquid systems for power steering As an energy source for the power steering pump is used that delivers fluid under pressure into the corresponding cavity of the steering transmission, greatly reducing the effort applied to the steering wheel to turn the front wheels of a vehicle.
| Fig. 2.6. Location fluid reservoir to the power steering
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Fluid reservoir of power steering is located behind the radiator in the front of the vehicle (Fig. 2.6). When checking the fluid level front wheels must be set straight-ahead, the engine is stopped. Clean cloth, wipe the tank cover and the area around it. This will prevent getting any items into the tank when checking the fluid level. Start up the engine and warm up to normal operating temperature. Remove the dipstick and wipe it with a clean cloth. Re-insert the pointer in a tank, then remove and determine the level of a liquid which should be between labels and . If you want to add fluid, add the required amount of the recommended fluid through a funnel directly into the tank. Index levels should be re-established so that the arrow on the cover was sent forward to the radiator. If you want to frequent topping up the fluid, check the tightness of all hoses, steering wheel, connection hoses, power steering pump and gear.
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